Spatial and temporal patterns of lodging in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Xuemin Wang ◽  
Emma Mace ◽  
Colleen Hunt ◽  
Alan Cruickshank ◽  
Graeme Hammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Sorghum Production

Grown in water-limited environments, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is often exposed to water deficits of varying extent and timing. One of the impacts of water stress on sorghum production is lodging; however, there has been no published study quantifying the temporal and spatial frequency and severity of lodging in grain sorghum in Australia. In this study, we investigated the frequency and severity of lodging, using a dataset of 83 advanced yield-testing trials of the sorghum pre-breeding program grown in the seven major sorghum-production environments in Australia over 14 summer growing seasons. Lodging occurred in most production regions but with varying frequency and severity. Lodging was significantly greater in regions that were more prone to water stress (e.g. Central Highlands in Queensland) and significantly lower in regions that were less likely to suffer from water stress (e.g. Liverpool Plains in northern New South Wale) compared with the overall average across regions. The severity of lodging also varied across regions, with the most severe lodging (>20%) occurring in Central Highlands and Western Downs in Queensland. In addition, seasonal patterns of lodging frequency and severity were also observed. Over the 14 growing seasons, the frequency of lodging varied from 0% to 100%, with the most severe lodging (>20%) observed in 2005, 2016 and 2017. The Southern Oscillation Index explained 29% of the seasonal variation in lodging frequency. The findings of this study clearly support a link between lodging incidence and water stress across regions and seasons. Our data also showed that although there was a substantial turnover of commercial hybrids during the period of this study, the level of resistance to lodging appeared not to have improved. It is possible that this is due to plant breeders trading off improvements in lodging resistance to increase grain yield.

scholarly journals Adubação orgânica no sulco de plantio e sua influência no desenvolvimento do sorgo

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Gilson Araújo De Freitas ◽  
Cintia Ribeiro De Sousa ◽  
Aristóteles Capone ◽  
Flávio Sergio Afférri ◽  
Rubens Ribeiro Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Production

In the last years the sorghum production in Brazil has increased so much, as consequence of the expansion of the planted area and productivity increments. However, studies of the organic manuring on the development of the culture are still incipient. In that way, it was aimed at to evaluate the effect of the applied organic manuring in the planting furrow in the development of plants of Sorghum bicolor. The experiment was droven in randomized blocks design, with six repetitions, being the hybrid of grain sorghum A9735R submitted to eight treatments: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 t ha-¹ of organic fertilizer applied in the planting furrow and 500 kg ha-1 of the formulation 04-14-08 + Zn. The concentrations of organic manuring in the planting furrow provided differences among the treatments. Being observed that you plant submitted to the doses 40 to 60 t ha-¹ organic manuring presented better vegetative acting for the appraised parameters. The largest answer of growth of the stem was what received 40 t ha-¹ of organic manuring.

Effects of sorghum ergot on grain sorghum production: a preliminary climatic analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Meinke ◽  
Malcolm Ryley
Keyword(s):  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Claviceps Africana ◽  
Sorghum Production

Until 1996 the disease ‘sorghum ergot’ (Claviceps africana and Claviceps sorghi) was unknown in Australia. Following an outbreak near Gatton, the disease was found throughout most of the sorghum-producing areas in Queensland within 4 weeks. A climatic risk analysis was conducted to assess the likely timing and frequencies of further outbreaks of the disease across the main sorghum-producing regions of Australia. Based on the information available, likely conditions that could lead to a disease outbreak were formulated and a computer program developed to interrogate an existing database of long-term, daily weather records. Case studies were conducted for 10 key sorghum-producing locations, ranging from Narromine in central New South Wales to Mareeba in far North Queensland and Kununurra in Western Australia. For grain sorghum production, crops flowering in January and February are unlikely to be affected, regardless of location. However, in up to 30% of years, late-sown grain sorghum crops and crops flowering before January could be affected, depending on climatic conditions prior to and around anthesis. The frequency and timing of these events differed strongly temporally and spatially and appeared highest in high rainfall years and in regions with relatively cooler temperatures and more frequent autumn rains. Hybrid seed production (i.e. breeding programs) and forage sorghum production are likely to be more affected due to their inherently low pollen generation, again with strong regional variation. Further applications of the methodology, such as the development of an early warning system, based on phases of the Southern Oscillation Index, are discussed.

Interrelations Among Agronomic Characters in Grain Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor Moench) 1

Crop Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. L. Liang ◽  
C. B. Overley ◽  
A. J. Casady
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Agronomic Characters

Red spruce seedling gas exchange in response to elevated CO2, water stress, and soil fertility treatments

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Samuelson ◽  
J.R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Growing Seasons

The interactive influences of ambient (374 μL•L−1) or elevated (713 μL•L−1) CO2, low or high soil fertility, well-watered or water-stressed treatment, and rooting volume on gas exchange and growth were examined in red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) grown from seed through two growing seasons. Leaf gas exchange throughout two growing seasons and growth after two growing seasons in response to elevated CO2 were independent of soil fertility and water-stress treatments, and rooting volume. During the first growing season, no reduction in leaf photosynthesis of seedlings grown in elevated CO2 compared with seedlings grown in ambient CO2 was observed when measured at the same CO2 concentration. During the second growing season, net photosynthesis was up to 21% lower for elevated CO2-grown seedlings than for ambient CO2-grown seedlings when measured at 358 μL•L−1. Thus, photosynthetic acclimation to growth in elevated CO2 occurred gradually and was not a function of root-sink strength or soil-fertility treatment. However, net photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an elevated CO2 concentration was still over 2 times greater than the photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an ambient CO2 concentration. Growth enhancement by CO2 was maintained, since seedlings grown in elevated CO2 were 40% larger in both size and weight after two growing seasons.

Effect of herbicides on black pigweed and sesbania pea, and yields of five grain sorghum cultivars in central Queensland

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
SR Walker ◽  
WH Hazard ◽  
AF Mich ◽  
BA Silver
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
General Control ◽  
Sesbania Cannabina ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Six experiments were conducted in central Queensland to compare the efficacy of some post-emergence herbicides and mixtures in controlling black pigweed (Trianthema portulacastrum) and sesbania pea (Sesbania cannabina). The herbicides tested were atrazine, 2,4-D, dicamba, picloram plus 2,4-D, and fluroxypyr and mixtures of atrazine with 2,4-D, dicamba, picloram plus 2,4-D, fluroxypyr or tridiphane. In addition, 4 experiments were conducted to assess the tolerance of 5 sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor) to some of these individual herbicides and atrazine mixtures. Small black pigweed and sesbania pea (< 10 cm diameter) were controlled with atrazine at 1.0 kg a.i./ ha, while for larger black pigweed (up to 15 cm diameter) atrazine at 2.25 kg/ha and atrazine mixtures were effective and for sesbania pea (up to 12 cm high) atrazine at 2.25 kg/ha, picloram plus 2,4-D at 35 + 140 g a.i./ha, fluroxypyr at 0.3 kg a.i./ha and atrazine mixtures were effective. In general, control of both weeds by mixtures with atrazine at 1.0 kg/ha was as effective as atrazine at 2.25 kg/ha alone. In the tolerance experiments the treatments were applied at 18-20 days after planting when the number of sorghum leaves was 4-6. Spraying with 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPA, picloram plus 2,4-D and atrazine mixtures with 2,4-D, dicamba and picloram plus 2,4-D consistently caused injury symptoms, delayed flowering and sometimes reduced grain yield. However, the susceptibility of sorghum to these treatments varied with seasons and cultivars. Overall, yield reductions were less when 2,4-D, dicamba and MCPA were applied at lower rates in the atrazine mixtures than when applied alone. All sorghum cultivars were tolerant of atrazine at 4.5 kg/ha. For effective control of both weeds, for crop safety and for minimum atrazine residues after harvest, we recommend that the weeds black pigweed and sesbania pea be sprayed when less than 10 cm in diameter or height, respectively, with atrazine at 1.0 kg/ha.

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