Allocation and Retranslocation of 15N by Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Under Field Conditions of Low and High N Fertility

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Weiland ◽  
TC Ta
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
N Remobilisation

A field experiment was conducted with high and low N fertility regimes to evaluate root-absorbed 15N, and its subsequent remobilisation in four maize hybrids. In previous experiments, potential yield and patterns of senescence had varied among these hybrids. Individual plants were supplied with 15N at the 12-leaf stage and the uptake of the labelled N and its subsequent partitioning during successive harvests was followed. Grain yield and N accumulation at physiological maturity (PM) were reduced 20 and 40%, respectively, under low N compared with high N fertility. Neither hybrid type nor N fertility level initially affected the amount of lSN absorbed. Maximum 15N content was observed at mid grain-fill and a significant 10% loss of 15N from plants was found at PM. Compared with those under low N, plants cultured under high N maintained higher percentages of 15N in the lower stalk and roots over hybrids and across harvests. Kernels were a sink for remobilised 15N from all vegetative and 'other' reproductive tissues. Patterns of N remobilisation varied among different vegetative tissues. N was remobilised from stalks earlier than from leaves, while N from roots was remobilised throughout the season. Stalk and leaves were the major sources of 15N for kernels (about 45% each) while roots contributed much less. Physiological differences between the hybrid with the highest yield at both fertility levels, and with other hybrids, are discussed.

MAIZE (Zea mays L.) HYBRID USE OF 15N-NITRATE ABSORBED VEGETATIVELY BY ROOTS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. WEILAND
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Reproductive Tissue ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Initial Deposition

The use and mobilization of N absorbed at various vegetative growth stages by maize (Zea mays L.) roots have not been investigated by pulsing/chasing N. During this study two maize hybrids, B73 × LH39 (B×LH) and H93 × L10 (H×L), were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment for vegetative 15N absorption and subsequent utilization and mobilization. At 35 (EI) and 43 (EII) days after seed was planted (DAP), separate plants were given 99 atom % 15N as [Formula: see text] for 48 h. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Plants were harvested at 38 DAP, 43 DAP, silking and physiological maturity (PM) for EI and at 46 DAP, 51 DAP, silking and PM for EII. Neither hybrid nor treatment differences were observed for uptake of 15N. Genotype B×LH remobilized more of the vegetatively absorbed N to the kernels than H×L (P ≤ 0.10). Initial deposition of 15N was in the leaves (60%), stalk (30%), and roots (10%) for EI and in the leaves (50%), stalk (40%) and roots (10%) for EII for both genotypes. Forty percent of the 15N in the plant (80, 12 and 8% from the leaves, roots and stalk) during EI was mobilized to reproductive tissue by PM, while 50% (60, 30 and 10% from the leaves, stalk and roots) was mobilized during EII. Thus, the later N is vegetatively absorbed by the maize plant, the more likely it will be translocated to the kernels.Key words: Nitrate, nitrogen, uptake, translocation, Zea mays L., maize

scholarly journals Selection approaches to the variation of responses to soil compaction stress among maize hybrids ( Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej T. Grzesiak ◽  
Anna Maksymowicz ◽  
Barbara Jurczyk ◽  
Tomasz Hura ◽  
Grzegorz Rut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Compaction Stress

scholarly journals Exploitation of variability for salinity tolerance in maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) at early growth stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (42) ◽  
pp. 4206-4213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qayyum Abdul ◽  
Muhammad Saeed Hafiz ◽  
Hanif Mamoona ◽  
Noor Etrat ◽  
Malik Waqas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Maize Hybrids

Bromoxynil tolerance during the seedling phase is associated with genetic grain yield improvement in maize

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tollenaar ◽  
M. Mihajlovic
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Highly Correlated

Genetic grain yield improvement of maize (Zea mays L.) in Ontario during the past three decades can be attributed, in part, to increased tolerance to environmental stresses. We have observed a differential response of field-grown old and new hybrids after application of the photosystem II inhibiting herbicide bromoxynil (4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromobenzonitrile). Studies were conducted to test whether tolerance to bromoxynil is associated with stress tolerance and grain yield in maize hybrids representing three decades of yield improvement in Ontario. Experiments were carried out with seedlings of eight maize hybrids grown in pots in controlled-environment growth cabinets and, in one experiment, with seedlings grown in pots outside during the months of July and August at Guelph, Ontario. Bromoxynil was applied to the youngest fully-expanded leaf of plants at the 6- to 8-leaf stage and chlorophyll fluorescence of the treated leaves was measured in the 2- to 24-h period after bomoxynil application. Results showed that the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio Fv/Fm, an indicator of photosynthetic efficiency, declined after bromoxynil application until 4 h after application and, subsequently, recovered slightly during the next 20 h. Large differences in the Fv/Fm ratio were apparent among hybrids in the response to bromoxynil. The Fv/Fm ratio was significantly higher for hybrids released in the 1980s than for hybrids released in the 1970s, and the Fv/Fm ratio of the latter group was significantly higher than that of the four oldest hybrids. Chlorophyll fluorescence ratios Fv/Fm after bromoxynil application in the seedling phase were highly correlated with grain yield of the hybrids in field experiments conducted during 1987 and 1988 (r = 0.91). Results of this study support the contention that maize genotypes that are less sensitive to bromoxynil are less susceptible to environmental stresses. Key words: Zea mays L., stress tolerance, bromoxynil, chlorophyll fluorescence, Fv/Fm ratio, detoxifying agents

Genetic analysis of resistance to nematodes in inbred maize (Zea mays L.) and maize hybrids

Euphytica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kagoda ◽  
John Derera ◽  
Pangirayi Tongoona ◽  
Daniel L. Coyne ◽  
J. Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Hybrids

Cross-pollination effects on maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid yields

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Weiland
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
N Fertility

Recent studies have shown that pollen from a long-season maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid increased yield of a short-season hybrid by lengthening the effective grain-filling period, while the reciprocal cross did not alter this period or yield. This effect (metaxenia) was evaluated further in the studies reported here with hybrids of more diverse maturity and under both high and low N fertility. In the first year of this study (1989), sib- and cross-pollinations were made among B73Ht × Mo17 (B × 7) and two early-silking hybrids, LH59 × LH146 (L × 6) and Pioneer 3732 (3732) under N-sufficient (275 kg ha−1) and two lower N regimes (17 and 67 kg ha−1). Only a few significant effects were observed and these were noted at high N with one exception. With 3732 pollen, grain yield of B × 7 was decreased at 275 kg N ha−1, and physiological maturity occurred 3 d earlier. Yield of 3732 was increased by L × 6 pollen in comparison with B × 7 pollen. Kernel number and average kernel weight were not altered by pollen source. Pollen type did not affect yields under low N fertility, except for a reduction when B × 7 was pollinated by L × 6 at the 67-kg N ha−1 rate. In 1990, under N-sufficient fertility, B73Ht × LH156 (B × 6), a late-silking hybrid, and LH146 × LH82 (L × 2), an earlier hybrid, were sib- and cross-pollinated with B × 7 and 3732. The only significant effect observed was that L × 2 pollen increased B × 6 yield. Thus with the hybrids used, yields of early-season types were not altered by cross-pollination with long-season types. Previous results showing increased yields when 3732 was pollinated by B × 7 were not duplicated in either year, suggesting metaxenia effects are highly dependent upon environment.Key words: Metaxenia, xenia, cross-pollination, maize, yield, N levels

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jenis Mikoriza dan Jumlah Populasi Tanaman Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung Manis (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Multazam Palepi ◽  
Jumini Jumini ◽  
Syaffrudin Syaffrudin ◽  
Syaffrudin Syaffrudin
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physiology Laboratory

Abstrak.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis mikoriza dan populasi tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis, serta interaksi antara jenis mikoriza dengan populasi tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2017 sampai Januari 2018 di Desa Blang Krueng, Kecamatan Baitussalam, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Rancangan Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 3 x 2 dengan  3 ulangan. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu jenis mikoriza dan populasi tanaman. Faktor jenis mikoirza terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu ; mikoriza glomus mosseae, gigaspora dan campuran. Faktor populasi tanman terdiri atas 2 taraf yaitu : satu benih dan dua benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan jenis mikoriza campuran secara umum menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan  hasil  tanaman jagung yang lebih baik. Sedangkan populasi tamanan yang terbaik adalah satu tamanan. Selanjutnya Interaksi yang lebih baik terdapat  pada jenis mikoriza campuran dengan  populasi tamanan pada parameter diameter batang 15 HST dan 30 HST, berat basah akar dan berat buah berkelobot, diameter tongkol,berat buah tampa kelobot dan potensi hasil per hektar. The effect of Mycoriza Types and Number of Crop Populations on Growth and Yield of Sweet CornAbstractThis research purposes to know the effect of mycoriza types and the population of  the plants toward the growth and yield of sweet corn and the interaction between mycoriza types and the population of  the plants to the growth and yield of sweet corn. This research was carried out in November 2017 until Januari 2018 at Blang Krueng village, Baitussalam sub-district, Aceh Besar Regency and Physiology Laboratory, faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. This research was conducted Randomized Block Design factorial pattern 3 x 2 with 3 replications. The factors studied in this research are mycoriza types and the population of  the plants. 3 types of mycoriza types are glomus mosseae mycoriza, gigaspora and the mixture of glomus mosseae and gigaspora. and 2 types of the population of  the plants are using one seed and two seed. The result of this research pointed out that the using of the mixture mycoriza type generally increased the growth and yield of sweet corn.  Whereas, the using of the population  of  the plants with one seed had showed the best result. And the better interaction is obtained in the mixture mycoriza with the population of  the plants in there after a good interaction is present in mixed mycorrhizae species with plan population on the diameter of tehstem 15 HST and 30 HST, the weight of the root base and the weight of the weighted fruit, the diameter of the cob weight of the without any weight fruit and the potential yield per hactare.

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