The I-SPy Insect Indicator<sup>TM</sup>: development of an insect monitoring trap for use on flat surfaces in the cereal and food trades, and potential applications.

2017 ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
L. E. Collins ◽  
J. Chambers ◽  
P. Cogan
Keyword(s):  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Insect Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Trap

Passive Alignment Method for the Bonding of Flat Surfaces Using a Squeeze Flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Lecarpentier ◽  
Julien Sylvestre
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Squeeze Flow ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
High Shear Rates ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
3D Integrated Circuits ◽  
Squeeze Flow Phenomenon

A method to passively align bonded components without direct mechanical contact has been developed. This method uses the pressure field generated by the squeeze flow between the parts during the bonding process to increase the parallelism of planar components. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model has been developed to study the squeeze flow phenomenon and to determine generated efforts. Based on these calculations, an assembly stage standing on a flexure pinned linkage has been developed. This assembly stage had two purposes. The first was to show the possibility of passive mechanical alignment using a squeeze flow. The second was to measure efforts to confirm the CFD model. These measurements have led to a refined CFD model taking into account the non-Newtonian behavior of the fluid at high shear rates. This technique was initially developed for the assembly of a fiber-optic-to-silicon-chip-interface. Other potential applications could be wafer bonding, bonding of multiple wafer stacks, or 3D integrated circuits.

Flow Cytometry, Beads, and Microchannels

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tione Buranda ◽  
Larry A. Sklar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Small Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Flow Through

Microfluidic devices generally consume microliter to submicroliter volumes of sample and are thus well suited for use when the required reagents are scarce or expensive. Because microfluidic devices operate in a regime in which small Reynolds numbers govern the delivery of fluid samples, reagent mixing and subsequent reactivity has been a severe limiting factor in their applicability. The inclusion of packed beads in the microfluidic device repertoire has several advantages: molecular assemblies for the assay are created outside the channel on beads and characterized with flow cytometry, uniform populations of beads may be assured through rapid cytometric sorting, beads present a larger surface area for the display of receptors than flat surfaces, rapid mixing in the microcolumn is achieved because the distance that must be covered by diffusion is limited to the (≤1-μm) interstitial space between the closely packed receptorbearing beads, and analytes are captured in a flow-through format and, as such, each bead can act as a local concentrator of analytes. Progress in the combined use of beads and microfluidic devices has been limited by the ability to pack beads at specific sections of microfluidic devices. A subsequent challenge associated with the packed microcolumns of beads is the substantial pressure drop that affects the fluid flow velocity. However, some of these challenges have been overcome in the design of simple model systems that have potential applications in DNA analysis, chromatography, and immunoassays. It is the intent of this chapter to examine the recent emergence of small-volume heterogeneous immunoassays, using beads trapped in microchannels, while excluding other closely related applications such as capillary electrophoresis and flow injection–based approaches. Of necessity, the authors’ interests and availability of information pertinent to the specific discussions presented below impose additional restrictions. To date, there are only a handful of applications that combine packed beads and microfluidic devices, and even fewer that make the overt connection between flow cytometry–based assays and beads. Harrison and coworkers have provided one of the earliest conceptual demonstrations of the capability to incorporate packed beads in microfluidic devices for analytical purposes.

HREM observation of dislocations near room temperature fractures in silicon

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 892-893
Author(s):  
M. H. Rhee ◽  
W. A. Coghlan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Crystal Silicon ◽  
Dislocation Nucleation ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Induced Fractures ◽  
Vicker’S Microhardness

Silicon is believed to be an almost perfectly brittle material with cleavage occurring on {111} planes. In such a material at room temperature cleavage is expected to occur prior to any dislocation nucleation. This behavior suggests that cleavage fracture may be used to produce usable flat surfaces. Attempts to show this have failed. Such fractures produced in semiconductor silicon tend to occur on planes of variable orientation resulting in surfaces with a poor surface finish. In order to learn more about the mechanisms involved in fracture of silicon we began a HREM study of hardness indent induced fractures in thin samples of oxidized silicon.Samples of single crystal silicon were oxidized in air for 100 hours at 1000°C. Two pieces of this material were glued together and 500 μm thick cross-section samples were cut from the combined piece. The cross-section samples were indented using a Vicker's microhardness tester to produce cracks. The cracks in the samples were preserved by thinning from the back side using a combination of mechanical grinding and ion milling.

An in situ and ex situ TEM study of the formation of thin cobalt silicide films by molecular beam epitaxy on the silicon (100) surface

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 884-885
Author(s):  
D. Loretto ◽  
J. M. Gibson ◽  
S. M. Yalisove ◽  
R. T. Tung
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Potential Applications

The cobalt disilicide/silicon system has potential applications as a metal-base and as a permeable-base transistor. Although thin, low defect density, films of CoSi2 on Si(111) have been successfully grown, there are reasons to believe that Si(100)/CoSi2 may be better suited to the transmission of electrons at the silicon/silicide interface than Si(111)/CoSi2. A TEM study of the formation of CoSi2 on Si(100) is therefore being conducted. We have previously reported TEM observations on Si(111)/CoSi2 grown both in situ, in an ultra high vacuum (UHV) TEM and ex situ, in a conventional Molecular Beam Epitaxy system.The procedures used for the MBE growth have been described elsewhere. In situ experiments were performed in a JEOL 200CX electron microscope, extensively modified to give a vacuum of better than 10-9 T in the specimen region and the capacity to do in situ sample heating and deposition. Cobalt was deposited onto clean Si(100) samples by thermal evaporation from cobalt-coated Ta filaments.

Microstructure of laser-irradiated, conducting Kapton polyimide

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan ◽  
Z. Ball ◽  
H. M. Phillips ◽  
R. Sauerbrey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Utility ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Potential Applications

Ultraviolet laser-irradiation can be used to induce an insulator-to-conductor phase transition on the surface of Kapton polyimide. Such structures have potential applications as resistors or conductors for VLSI applications as well as general utility electrodes. Although the percolative nature of the phase transformation has been well-established, there has been little definitive work on the mechanism or extent of transformation. In particular, there has been considerable debate about whether or not the transition is primarily photothermal in nature, as we propose, or photochemical. In this study, cross-sectional optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are utilized to characterize the nature of microstructural changes associated with the laser-induced pyrolysis of polyimide.Laser-modified polyimide samples initially 12 μm thick were prepared in cross-section by standard ultramicrotomy. Resulting contraction in parallel to the film surface has led to distortions in apparent magnification. The scale bars shown are calibrated for the direction normal to the film surface only.

A TEM study of electron tunneling in biological macromolecules

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
J. A. Panitz
Keyword(s):  
Stark Effect ◽  
Electron Tunneling ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Tunneling Current ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Stm Images

Tunneling is a ubiquitous phenomenon. Alpha particle disintegration, the Stark effect, superconductivity in thin films, field-emission, and field-ionization are examples of electron tunneling phenomena. In the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) electron tunneling is used as an imaging modality. STM images of flat surfaces show structure at the atomic level. However, STM images of large biological species deposited onto flat surfaces are disappointing. For example, unstained virus particles imaged in the STM do not resemble their TEM counterparts.It is not clear how an STM image of a biological species is formed. Most biological species are large compared to the nominal electrode separation of ∼ 1nm that is required for electron tunneling. To form an image of a biological species, the tunneling electrodes must be separated by a distance that would normally be too large for a tunneling current to be observed.

On the Faceting of Polar Ceramic Surfaces: Microscopy and Holography Studies of MGO(111) Surfaces

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska ◽  
B. G. Frost ◽  
E. Völkl ◽  
L. F. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Excess Surface ◽  
Polar Surfaces ◽  
Salt Structure ◽  
Crystallographic Planes

Polar surfaces are those crystallographic faces of ionically bonded solids which, when bulk terminated, have excess surface charge and a non-zero dipole moment perpendicular to the surface. In the case of crystals with a rock salt structure, {111} faces are the exemplary polar surfaces. It is commonly believed that such polar surfaces facet into neutral crystallographic planes to minimize their surface energy. This assumption is based on the seminal work of Henrich which has shown faceting of the MgO(111) surface into {100} planes giving rise to three sided pyramids that have been observed by scanning electron microscopy. These surfaces had been prepared by mechanical polishing and phosphoric acid etching, followed by Ar+ sputtering and 1400 K annealing in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). More recent reflection electron microscopy studies of MgO(111) surfaces, annealed in the presence of oxygen at higher temperatures, have revealed relatively flat surfaces stabilized by an oxygen rich reconstruction. In this work we employ a combination of optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron holography to further study the issue of surface faceting.

Design of a Spectroscopic Low-Energy Emission Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
Lee H. Veneklasen
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Imaging ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Energy Window ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Beam Voltage ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Real Time Image ◽  
Image Planes ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Time Image

This paper discusses some of the unique aspects of a spectroscopic emission microscope now being tested in Clausthal. The instrument is designed for the direct parallel imaging of both elastic and inelastic electrons from flat surfaces. Elastic contrast modes of the familiar LEEM include large and small angle LEED, mirror microscopy, backscatter diffraction contrast (for imaging of surface structure), and phase contrast (for imaging of step dynamics)(1). Inelastic modes include topology sensitive secondary, and work function sensitive photoemission. Most important, the new instrument will also allow analytical imaging using characteristic Auger or soft X-ray emissions. The basic instrument has been described by Bauer and Telieps (2). This configuration has been redesigned to include an airlock, and a LaB6 gun, triple condensor lens, magnetic objective lens, a double focussing separator field, an imaging energy analyzer, and a real time image processor.Fig. 1 shows the new configuration. The basic beam voltage supply Vo = 20 KV, upon which separate supplies for the gun Vg, specimen Vs, lens electrode Vf, and analyzer bias Vb float. The incident energy at the sample can be varied from Vs = 0-1 KV for elastic imaging, or from Vg + Vs = (3 + Vs) KV for inelastic imaging. The image energy window Vs±V/2 may be varied without readjusting either the illumation, or imaging/analyzer optics. The diagram shows conjugate diffraction and image planes. The apertures defining incoming Humiliation and outgoing image angles are placed below the separator magnet to allow for their independent optimization. The instrument can illuminate and image 0.5-100 μm fields at 0-1 keV emission energies with an energy window down to 0.2 eV.

Fabrication and characterization - by High Resolution Electron Microscopy and atom probe microanalysis - of Co-based metallic multilayer films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-773
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Petford-Long ◽  
A. Cerezo ◽  
M.G. Hetherington
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Multilayer Films ◽  
Interface Roughness ◽  
Probe Field ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Field Ion Microscope

The fabrication of multilayer films (MLF) with layer thicknesses down to one monolayer has led to the development of materials with unique properties not found in bulk materials. The properties of interest depend critically on the structure and composition of the films, with the interfacial regions between the layers being of particular importance. There are a number of magnetic MLF systems based on Co, several of which have potential applications as perpendicular magnetic (e.g Co/Cr) or magneto-optic (e.g. Co/Pt) recording media. Of particular concern are the effects of parameters such as crystallographic texture and interface roughness, which are determined by the fabrication conditions, on magnetic properties and structure.In this study we have fabricated Co-based MLF by UHV thermal evaporation in the prechamber of an atom probe field-ion microscope (AP). The multilayers were deposited simultaneously onto cobalt field-ion specimens (for AP and position-sensitive atom probe (POSAP) microanalysis without exposure to atmosphere) and onto the flat (001) surface of oxidised silicon wafers (for subsequent study in cross-section using high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) in a JEOL 4000EX. Deposi-tion was from W filaments loaded with material in the form of wire (Co, Fe, Ni, Pt and Au) or flakes (Cr). The base pressure in the chamber was around 8×10−8 torr during deposition with a typical deposition rate of 0.05 - 0.2nm/s.

Progress and perspectives on halide lithium conductors for all-solid-state lithium batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Jianwen Liang ◽  
Xiaofei Yang ◽  
Keegan R. Adair ◽  
Changhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Superionic Conductors ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Synthesis Routes

This review focuses on fundamental understanding, various synthesis routes, chemical/electrochemical stability of halide-based lithium superionic conductors, and their potential applications in energy storage as well as related challenges.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document