scholarly journals Localization of aggregated cell surface antigens of target cells bound to cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Berke ◽  
Z V Fishelson
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Polar Localization

The redistribution of aggregated cell surface antigens of target cells bound to cytotoxic T lymphocytes was investigated. It was found that cap formation induced by antibody always occurred toward the site of binding. It is suggested that the polar localization of capped target cell surface determinants is a consequence of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte target cell interaction.

scholarly journals Resistance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to the lytic effects of their toxic granules.

1987 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 1536-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
C R Verret ◽  
A A Firmenich ◽  
D M Kranz ◽  
H N Eisen
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Resistant Cells

A cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) characteristically kills target cells one after the other by releasing toxic granules that contain one or more cytolytic components. To determine how CTLs avoid destroying themselves when they release granules and lyse target cells, 7 murine CD8+ CTL cell lines were compared with 19 other cell lines for susceptibility to lysis by the isolated toxic granules. Murine CD8+ CTLs were clearly the most resistant cells: granules did not lyse them even after they were exposed to azide, cyanide, and 2-deoxyglucose, conditions that were found to enhance the susceptibility of all the other cells tested, including other T cells. Thus, resistance of CD8+ CTLs to cytotoxic granules appears to be independent of cellular ATP. To reconcile these findings with other observations that, under some circumstances, CTLs can be lysed by other CTLs, we suggest a model in which a CTL releases only a limited proportion of its toxic granules at each antigen-specific encounter with a target cell; the amount released is sufficient to kill most target cells but to leave the CTL undamaged and with enough granules to attack other target cells.

scholarly journals Absence of allogeneic restriction in human T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity to Epstein-Barr virus-infected target cells. Demonstration of an HLA-linked control at the effector level.

1979 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1310-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lipinski ◽  
W H Fridman ◽  
T Tursz ◽  
C Vincent ◽  
D Pious ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Specific Lysis ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Positive Target ◽  
Epstein Barr

Peripheral T lymphocytes from patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) are sensitized in vivo against the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The expression of HLA-A, B, or C molecules at the target cell surface is necessary for the cytotoxic reaction because (a) EBV-positive Daudi cells lacking HLA-A, B, and C determinants are resistant to anti-EBV T-cell lysis, (b) cytolysis of EBV-positive target cells can be consistently inhibited by anti-HLA-A, B, and C and anti-beta 2 microglobulin antibodies. However, no evidence for allogeneic restriction in this system was apparent as (a) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from one given individual could exert a cytotoxicity of a similar magnitude on different EBV-positive target cells, regardless of the number of HLA-A or B specificities shared by the effectors and targets; (b) CTL from IM patients were able to kill target cells without any HLA-A or B antigen in common; and (c) T5-1 variants lacking one or two HLA antigens at the A, B, or D locus are killed to the same extent as the parental cells. 7 of the 9 IM patients with detectable circulating anti-EBV CTL carried the HLA-A1 antigen, whereas none of the 16 IM patients lacking detectable peripheral CTL were HLA-A1 positive (mean specific lysis of T5-1 target cells by T cells from HLA-A1 positive patients: 29.3 vs. 0.6% in HLA-A1-negative patients) (P less than 10(-9)). These data suggest an HLA-A1-linked gene control of the magnitude of the anti-EBV CTL response. Thus, the HLA region appears to act at two different level sin the T-cell-mediated lysis of EBV-infected cells by controlling first, the development of anti-EBV and second, the expression of HLA-A, B, and C molecules involved as recognition structures at the target cell surface.

scholarly journals A NEW SENSITIVE ASSAY FOR ANTIBODY AGAINST CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS BASED ON INHIBITION OF CELL-DEPENDENT ANTIBODY-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 1348-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Halloran ◽  
Volker Schirrmacher ◽  
Hilliard Festenstein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Sensitive Assay ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Antibody Assay ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Cell Antibody ◽  
Chicken Erythrocytes

Inhibition of cell-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity has been investigated as a new assay for antibody against cell surface antigens. The cytotoxicity system consisted of effector cells (normal mouse spleen cells), target cells (61Cr-labeled chicken erythrocytes), and antitarget cell antibody. Addition of antibody against cell surface antigens in the effector cell population regularly inhibited the cytotoxicity measured in this system. This cytotoxicity inhibition assay (CIA) detected antibody with a variety of specificities: anti-H-2, anti-Thy 1.2, anti-immunoglobulin, and antimouse bone marrow-derived lymphocyte antigen. When the inhibition by anti-H-2 sera was analyzed using effector cells from congenic mice, the activity was found to be directed against specificities mapping in the H-2K, H-2D, and I regions of the H-2 complex, correlating well with the specificities characterized by complement-dependent assays. A comparison between the sensitivity of the CIA and complement-dependent lysis revealed that the CIA was 2–11 times more sensitive for anti-H-2 antisera and 20–780 times more sensitive for certain antisera against subpopulations of the spleen cells (i.e., T cells or B cells). The CIA proved to be precise, sensitive, and reliable. It may become a very useful antibody assay in various species including man.

Target cell death triggered by cytotoxic T lymphocytes: a target cell mutant distinguishes passive pore formation and active cell suicide mechanisms

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-436
Author(s):  
D S Ucker ◽  
J D Wilson ◽  
L D Hebshi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Active Cell ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Antigenic Stimulus ◽  
Cell Suicide

The role of the target cell in its own death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been controversial. The ability of the pore-forming granule components of CTL to induce target cell death directly has been taken to suggest an essentially passive role for the target. This view of CTL-mediated killing ascribes to the target the single role of providing an antigenic stimulus to the CTL; this signal results in the vectoral degranulation and secretion of pore-forming elements onto the target. On the other hand, by a number of criteria, target cell death triggered by CTL appears fundamentally different from death resulting from membrane damage and osmotic lysis. CTL-triggered target cell death involves primary internal lesions of the target cell that reflect a physiological cell death process. Orderly nuclear disintegration, including lamin phosphorylation and solubilization, chromatin condensation, and genome digestion, are among the earliest events, preceding the loss of plasma membrane integrity. We have tested directly the involvement of the target cell in its own death by examining whether we could isolate mutants of target cells that have retained the ability to be recognized by and provide an antigenic stimulus to CTL while having lost the capacity to respond by dying. Here, we describe one such mutant, BW87. We have used this CTL-resistant mutant to analyze the mechanisms of CTL-triggered target cell death under a variety of conditions. The identification of a mutable target cell element essential for the cell death response to CTL provides genetic evidence that target cell death reflects an active cell suicide process similar to other physiological cell deaths.

scholarly journals Serine esterase and hemolytic activity in human cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

1988 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
W S Ferguson ◽  
C R Verret ◽  
E B Reilly ◽  
M J Iannini ◽  
H N Eisen
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Serine Esterase ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Ph Optimum

Target cell lysis by most murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes appears to be mediated by a complement (C9)-like protein called perforin, contained in high-density cytoplasmic granules. These granules also contain high levels of serine esterase activity, which may also play a role in cytolysis. Analysis of 17 cloned human cytotoxic T lymphocytes revealed the presence of serine esterase that is very similar to its murine counterpart in substrate and inhibitor specificities, pH optimum, and molecular mass; dot blot hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding to the active sites of two known murine CTL esterases suggests homology to the murine enzyme HF. However, serine esterase was present at only approximately 10% of the level found in murine CTLs, and was not secreted during CTL-target cell interaction; moreover, hemolytic activity could not be detected in any of the seven cell lines tested. The results suggest that the human CTLs examined here kill their target cells by a mechanism different from that used by most cloned murine CTLs.

Killing Mechanisms of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Physiology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Groscurth ◽  
Luis Filgueira
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Receptor Ligand

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes mediate lysis of target cells by various mechanisms, including exocytosis of lytic proteins (perforin, granzymes) and receptor-ligand binding of Fas/APO molecules. Death of target cells is characterized by either necrosis or apoptosis, depending on the killing mechanism used and on the metabolism of the target cell itself.

scholarly journals Cross-reactive lysis of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-derivatized H-2 incompatible target cells by cytolytic T lymphocytes generated against syngeneic TNP spleen cells.

1976 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 1609-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Burakoff ◽  
R N Germain ◽  
B Benacerraf
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cytolytic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Normal Spleen

Normal spleen cells, when cultured with irradiated trinitrophenyl (TNP)-derivatized syngeneic spleen cells, develop cytotoxic effectors that lyse most effectiviely a TNP-derivatized target that is H-2 compatible with the effector. However, these effectors also lyse to a lesser extent TNP tumor and TNP spleen targets that are H-2 incompatible. This cross-reactive lysis correlates with the degree of cytolysis seen on the TNP-derivatized syngeneic target; it appears to be medicated by Thy 1.2-bearing cells and is inhibited by antisera to the K and/or D loci of the target cell and not by antisera to non-K or non-D surface antigens. Nonradiolabeled TNP-derivatized lymphoid cells syngeneic to either the stimulator or the target are able to competitively inhibit cross-reactive lysis, while TNP chicken red blood cells are unable to specifically inhibit lysis. These data on cross-reactive lysis of TNP-conjugated targets are most consistent with the altered-self hypothesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document