scholarly journals MYOHEMOGLOBINURIA

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Yuile ◽  
William F. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
A Value ◽  
Blood Hemoglobin

When myohemoglobin is injected intravenously into dogs, in amounts ranging from 0.75 to 1.50 gm., it is rapidly eliminated from the plasma and approximately 65 per cent is excreted by the kidneys in from 1½ to 2½ hours. Myohemoglobin does not appear in the urine below a threshold plasma concentration which is slightly under 20 mg. per 100 cc. but above this level the rate of renal excretion is directly proportional to the plasma concentration. The maximum myohemoglobin/creatinine clearance ratio averages 0.58 contrasted with a value of 0.023 for blood hemoglobin. This indicates that the rate of renal clearance of myohemoglobin is twenty-five times more rapid than that of blood hemoglobin. Evidence is presented that the excretory mechanism is essentially similar for the two substances but that differences in molecular weight account for different rates of glomerular filtration.

Net urate reabsorption in the Dalmatian coach hound with a note on automated measurement of urate in species with low plasma urate

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1499-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Moulin ◽  
P. Vinay ◽  
N. Duong ◽  
A. Gougoux ◽  
G. Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Plasma Urate ◽  
Urate Reabsorption ◽  
Dalmatian Dog ◽  
Pyrazinoic Acid

A progressive reduction of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate induced by the stepwise clamping of a Goldblatt clamp increases the urate over creatinine clearance ratio from 1.2 to 1.9 in normal urate-secreting Dalmatian dogs. These clearance data support the existence of a predominant postreabsorptive secretory flux of urate in the normal Dalmatian dog. In contrast, in Dalmatians loaded with pyrazinoic acid which suppresses urate secretion, net reabsorption of urate is unmasked and the urate over creatinine clearance ratio decreases with the progressive reduction in glomerular filtration rate (down to 0.44). It is concluded that the net reabsorption of urate measured by conventional clearance techniques after pharmacologic depression of the urate secretory flux probably reflects true urate reabsorption in the nephron of this species.

Renal excretion of radiofluoride in the dog

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis H. Carlson ◽  
W. D. Armstrong ◽  
Leon Singer ◽  
Lerner B. Hinshaw
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Renal Clearances ◽  
Concentration Ratios

Renal clearances of continuously infused radiofluoride were measured in 10 dogs in which a large part of the skeleton had been excluded from the system in order to produce a more constant plasma radiofluoride concentration. The results were evaluated to describe the factors of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption of fluoride under several conditions. The animals that received carrier-free radiofluoride infusions excreted urine with a mean radiofluoride concentration 3.4–14.5 times that of the plasma. The urine-to-plasma concentration ratios obtained with animals given a load of stable fluoride was 13.5–29.6. An increased urine volume resulted in a decreased tubular reabsorption of fluoride and the clearance was increased. Chlorothiazide increased radiofluoride excretion but decreased the urine concentration. The radiofluoride clearances were always less than the creatinine clearances but were 7.8–179 times the chloride clearances. The effect of chlorothiazide was to decrease the ratio of fluoride to chloride clearance by increasing chloride clearance more than fluoride clearance.

Chronic hyperamylasemia and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Jacobs ◽  
J C Jennette ◽  
R A Reavis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Epithelial Cysts

Abstract A 54-year-old woman with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and pyelonephritis developed persistent hyperamylasemia with transient increases in the amylase-creatinine clearance ratio. Even though chronic pancreatitis was suspected clinically, at postmortem examination the pancreas was found to be normal. We suggest that the hyperamylasemia resulted from entry into the circulation of amylase produced within sequestered endosalpingeal epithelial cysts, possibly amplified by impaired renal clearance. Thus, the potential of the serum amylase assay as a sign of serous ovarian tumors is further indicated.

Plasmatic diatrizoate-I131 disappearance and glomerular filtration in the dog

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Donald Blaufox ◽  
David R. Sanderson ◽  
W. Newlon Tauxe ◽  
Khalil G. Wakim ◽  
Alan L. Orvis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Compartment System ◽  
Intravenous Injections

A study was made of the disappearance of sodium diatrizoate-I131 from the plasma of ten dogs after single intravenous injections. The plasma disappearance curves suggested a two-compartment system. The renal plasma clearance of diatrizoate-I131 calculated from these curves and the conventional renal plasma clearance of creatinine were not statistically different. Clearances calculated from the urinary excretion and midperiod plasma concentration of radioactivity in four experiments yielded values averaging 10% less than the creatinine clearance. Chromatographic studies of commercially available diatrizoate-I131 revealed the presence of about 5% free iodide and of about 5% of unidentified impurities. These impurities seem to account, partly at least, for the differences found between diatrizoate clearance and creatinine clearance. Biliary excretion and erythrocytic uptake of diatrizoate were minimal and did not appear to influence the analysis.

Determinants of the Renal Clearance of Exogenous Lithium in a Large Sample of a White Male Working Population

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco P. Cappuccio ◽  
Pasquale Strazzullo
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Sodium Handling

1. The associations between the renal clearance of ingested lithium (used as a marker of renal proximal tubular sodium handling) and a number of biological variables have been investigated in an unselected sample of 592 healthy and untreated white men (aged 21–68 years) under their usual living conditions and drawn from a population at work. 2. Renal excretion of lithium was expressed both as clearance of lithium and as fractional excretion of lithium, i.e. normalized for unit of glomerular filtrate. 3. Clearance of lithium was positively associated with a number of anthropometric variables such as weight (r = 0.215; P <0.001), height (r = 0.212; P <0.001), body mass index (r = 0.122; P <0.01) and body surface area (r = 0.244; P <0.001). However, when expressed as fractional excretion of lithium many of these associations were lost or tended to be negative (weight, r = −0.107, P <0.01; body mass index, r = −0.119, P <0.01), greatly depending on the strong relationship between body size and/or mass and glomerular filtration rate. The associations between clearance of lithium and other renal variables reflected, in part, a spurious association mediated by the common relationship with glomerular filtration rate. However, when expressed as fractional excretion of lithium, only some associations were apparent (fractional excretion of sodium, r = 0.256, P <0.001; fractional excretion of uric acid, r = 0.336; P <0.001), probably indicating some plausible biological relationships. These results were confirmed by analysis of co-variance by quintiles of clearance of lithium and fractional excretion of lithium. 4. The results of the present study show that the renal excretion of ingested lithium (an approximate index of proximal tubular sodium handling in man) could be used in an epidemiological setting. However, the use of the fractional excretion of lithium rather than the clearance of lithium as such would be advisable to remove the confounding effects of age and anthropometry, at least in a white middle-aged male working population.

Minor contribution of biliary excretion in lithium elimination in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Uwai ◽  
Tatsuya Kawasaki ◽  
Tomohiro Nabekura
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Biliary Clearance ◽  
Minor Contribution

AbstractLithium, which is often used for the treatment of bipolar disorders, is mainly recovered into urine after being orally administered. Due to the fact that it is completely absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract, it remains unknown whether biliary excretion is involved in the lithium disposition. In this study, we examined biliary excretion of lithium in rats and compared these with renal excretion.After the injection of lithium chloride to femoral vein, plasma levels and excretion into urine and bile of lithium were evaluated.After its intravenous administration as a bolus, the plasma concentration of lithium decreased time-dependently. Until 60 min, 6.47% and 0.694% of injected lithium were excreted into urine and bile, respectively. The biliary clearance of lithium was calculated to be 0.0779 mL/min/kg, and this was 11.3% of the renal clearance.These findings suggest the low ability of the liver to eliminate lithium from plasma in comparison with the kidney in rats.

Effect of Vasopressin on the Renal Excretion of Phosphate in Man

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Eisinger ◽  
N. F. Jones ◽  
M. A. Barraclough ◽  
R. R. McSwiney
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Phosphate Intake ◽  
Phosphate Excretion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Adenyl Cyclase System ◽  
Common Action

1. The effect of vasopressin on the tubular reabsorption of phosphate was studied in both water-restricted and water-loaded man at different baseline rates of phosphate excretion. The latter was varied by altering phosphate intake or by administering aluminium hydroxide to reduce phosphate absorption from the gut. 2. It was found that when phosphate excretion was high, vasopressin had no consistent effect on the phosphate/creatinine clearance ratio. However at low rates of phosphate excretion, vasopressin significantly increased the phosphate/creatinine clearance ratio, suggesting a decrease in net tubular reabsorption of phosphate. 3. This effect of vasopressin was also demonstrated in a patient with hypoparathyroidism, indicating that it is not mediated by release of parathormone. 4. It thus appears that vasopressin has a small parathormone-like effect on the renal tubules, which may result from the common action of both hormones on the adenyl cyclase system.

Bicarbonate reabsorption and potassium handling in isolated perfused kidneys of Bufo marinus

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. F67-F73
Author(s):  
S. Long
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Bicarbonate Reabsorption ◽  
Potassium Secretion

Average rates of bicarbonate reabsorption, normalized for glomerular filtration rates, rose linearly with perfusate [HCO3-] of 6-21 mM with a constant bicarbonate/creatinine clearance ratio of 0.06, similar to the in vivo value. Maximal rates of bicarbonate reabsorption occurred at 20-25 mM HCO3- perfusate. At 3 mM perfusate [K+], normalized rates of potassium reabsorption were constant from filtered perfusates mimicking metabolic acidosis, and from control perfusates; during perfusion with alkalotic Ringer solutions net potassium secretion was observed. Elevation of perfusate [K+] to 10 mM in alkalotic Ringer significantly decreased maximal rates of bicarbonate reabsorption. Overall, the pattern of bicarbonate reabsorption in toad kidneys perfused at 6-21 mM HCO3- was similar to that observed in acid-base disturbances of metabolic origin in mammals, while the pattern of potassium excretion showed significant differences in these two vertebrate classes.

Renal Functions in the Chimpanzee

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Gagnon ◽  
Robert W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Mutual Interference ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
High Plasma Concentration ◽  
The Absolute

The excretion of creatinine and para-aminohippurate in five chimpanzees was found to be both by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion with mutual interference between the secretory processes. No evidence was found to suggest that inulin is subject to tubular secretion or reabsorption and it is therefore still acceptable for the measurement of glomerular filtration. The absolute values of glomerular filtration and renal excretion of creatinine and para-aminohippurate may have been modified by the use of anesthesia, but no striking differences are apparent between the kidney of the chimpanzee and that of man. PAH at high plasma concentration increases the excretion of potassium.

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