Novel Bismaleimide–Epoxy Resin System: II

Novel diamines, namely N, N′-bis[1-(2-methyl-4-aminophenyl)ethanonyl]-1,4- benzenediamine (BMAED 1) and N, N′-bis[1-(4-methyl-3-animophenyl)ethanonyl]-1,4-benzenediamine (BMAED 2), have been prepared and reacted with various bismaleimides (BM) at a BM:diamine ratio of 1:2. The resulting oligoimides have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectral studies and the number average molecular weight ( Mn) estimated by non-aqueous conductometric titration and thermogravimetry. Some of the oligomides have been modified by addition (i.e. curing reaction) of epoxy resin, namely the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, and studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass- and carbon-reinforced composites have also been prepared and characterized by their mechanical properties.

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Poly(Amido-Imide)s Based on Amino-Terminated Oligoimides

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1088/0954-0083/9/1/003 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 33-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hasmukh S Patel ◽

Nilesh P Patel

Keyword(s):

Epoxy Resin ◽

Addition Reaction ◽

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Conductometric Titration ◽

Diglycidyl Ether ◽

Spectral Studies ◽

Michael Addition Reaction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Epoxy Resin System ◽

Cure Temperature

An amino-terminated oligoimide was prepared by Michael addition reaction of N, N′-1, 4-phenylene bismaleimide (PBM) and 4, 4′-diamino-diphenyl methane (DDM) at a PBM–DDM ratio of 1:2. The poly(amido-imide)s (PAIs) were prepared by condensation of this PBM–DDM oligoimide with various aliphatic bisesters. The resultant PAIs were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectral studies, number-average molecular weight ( Mn), estimated by nonaqueous conductometric titration, and thermogravimetry. The curing reaction of the epoxy resin–, namely diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA)–, PAI system was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on cure temperature, the glass- and carbon-fibrereinforced composites (i.e. laminates) of the PAI–epoxy resin system have also been prepared and characterized.

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Synthesis, Characterization and Glass - Reinforced Composites of Thiourea - Formaldehyde - Phenol Resin

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2004/569824 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 256-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kanuprasad Dahyalal Patel ◽

Dhirubhai J. Desai ◽

Manish M. Morekar ◽

Yogesh Shrikant Tilak

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Conductometric Titration ◽

Spectral Studies ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Number Average Molecular Weight ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Alcoholic Alkali ◽

Glass Reinforced Composites

N,N'-Dimethylol thiourea-formaldehyde (DMTUF) resin having the methylol group (CH2OH) has been prepared and characterized. The condensation of DMTUF resin with Phenol (P) was carried out in the presence of alcoholic alkali catalyst at varying ratios of DMTUF: P, namely 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2. The resultant DMTUFP resin was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectral studies, number average molecular weight (M¯n) estimated by non-aqueous conductometric titration, and thermo gravimetry. The curing study of DMTUFP resin with hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and kinetic parameters were evaluated. Glass-reinforced composites based on the DMTUFP-HMTA system have also been prepared and characterized.

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Synthesis, Characterization and Glass-Reinforced Composites of Acetone–Formaldehyde–Phenol Resins

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1088/0954-0083/9/2/007 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hasmukh S Patel ◽

Bharat C Dixit

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Conductometric Titration ◽

Spectral Studies ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Number Average Molecular Weight ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Alcoholic Alkali ◽

Glass Reinforced Composites

Acetone–formaldehyde (AF) resin having the methylol group (–CH2OH) has been prepared and characterized. The condensation of AF resin with phenol (P) was carried out in the presence of alcoholic alkali catalyst at varying ratios of AF:P, namely 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2. The resultant AFP resins were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectral studies, number average molecular weight ( Mn) estimated by non-aqueous conductometric titration, and thermogravimetry. The curing study of AFP resins with hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and kinetic parameters were evaluated. Glass-reinforced composites based on the AFP–HMTA system have also been prepared and characterized.

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Synthesis, Characterization and Glass - Reinforced Composites of N,N'-Dimethylolthiourea – m-Aminophenol Resin

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2005/598974 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 136-141

Author(s):

K. D. Patel ◽

M. M. Morekar ◽

Y. S. Tilak

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Conductometric Titration ◽

Spectral Studies ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Number Average Molecular Weight ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Alcoholic Alkali ◽

Glass Reinforced Composites

N,N’-Dimethylolthiourea (DMTU) resin having the methylol group ( –CH2OH ) has been prepared and characterized. The condensation of DMTU resin with m-aminophenol was carried out in the presence of alcoholic alkali catalyst at varying ratios of DMTU: mAP, namely 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2. The resultant DMTUmAP resin was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectral studies, number average molecular weight (M¯n) estimated by non-aqueous conductometric titration, and thermogravimetry. The curing study of DMTUmAP resin with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and kinetic parameters were evaluated. Glass-reinforced composites based on the DMTUmAP-HMTA system have also been prepared and characterized.

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Novel Epoxy Resin—Part 2

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1088/0954-0083/8/2/011 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 301-305

Author(s):

K D Patel

Keyword(s):

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Diglycidyl Ether ◽

Spectral Studies ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Resin Part ◽

Glass Reinforced Composites

A novel epoxy resin, namely diglycidyl ether (DGE) of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (i.e. resacetophenone, RAP) was prepared and characterized. The curing of DGE–RAP by various diamines was studied kinetically by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The cured neat products have been characterized by IR spectral studies and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The glass-reinforced composites based on such a novel epoxy resin–diamine system have also been prepared and characterized.

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Novel Terpolymers: Poly(keto–amine–urea)S

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1088/0954-0083/8/2/004 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 225-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hasmukh S Patel ◽

Manhar J Lad

Keyword(s):

Epoxy Resin ◽

Conductometric Titration ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Resin System ◽

Amino Groups ◽

Thermally Stable Polymers ◽

Epoxy Resin System ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced Composites ◽

Fibre Reinforced Composites

Thermally stable polymers containing keto–amine–urea groups have been prepared by condensation of keto–amino groups containing diamine and various diisocyanates. The resulting polymer samples have been characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra, and Mn estimated by non-aqueous conductometric titration and thermogravimetry. Curing of commercial epoxy resin-DGEBA by employing these polymers was scanned on a differential scanning colorimeter (DSC). Glass fibre reinforced composites (i.e. laminates) based on such terpolymer–epoxy resin system have also been prepared and characterized.

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Study on curing kinetics of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin/microencapsulated curing agent system

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1177/0954008312451475 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 730-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wang Fang ◽

Xiao Jun ◽

Wang Jing-wen ◽

Li Shu-qin

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Diglycidyl Ether ◽

Wall Material ◽

Curing Agent ◽

Resin System ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Cure Reaction ◽

Epoxy Resin System

A modified imidazole curing agent, EMI-g-BGE, was encapsulated for one-package of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin system. Polyetherimide (PEI) was used as the wall material, and the emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to form the microcapsules. The morphology and particle size distribution of microcapsules were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mastersizer analyzer. Microcapsules exhibited spherical shapes and the mean particle size was about 745 nm. The curing kinetic of DGEBA/microcapsules curing agent was studied by nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique at different heating rates. Dynamic DSC scans indicated the microcapsule was an effective curing agent of epoxy resin. The apparent activation energy Ea was 88.03 kJ/mol calculated through Kissinger method, more than DGEBA/EMI-g-BGE system. This microcapsule of EMI-g-BGE exhibited a long shelf life, and the curing did not occur in this epoxy-microcapsule resin system for more than 3months at room temperature. The kinetic parameters were determined by Málek method and a two-parameter ( m, n) autocatalytic model (Šesták–Berggren equation) was found to be the most adequate selected kinetic model, which showed the encapsulation of the curing agent EMI-g-BGE did not change the cure reaction mechanism of the epoxy resin system. From the experimental data, the nonisothermal DSC curves show the results being in accordant with those theoretically calculated.

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Epoxy-modified polyimides: part I

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1088/0954-0083/5/2/006 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 145-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Hasmukh S Patel ◽

Vipul J Shah

Keyword(s):

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Conductometric Titration ◽

Diglycidyl Ether ◽

Spectral Studies ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Glass Reinforcement ◽

The Michael Addition ◽

Cure Epoxy Resin

The Michael addition reaction of N,N'-l,4-phenylene bis(maleimide) (PBM) with 4,4'-diamino diphenyl methane (DDM) at 1:1, 1: 1.5 and 1:2 molar ratios was carried out in melt at 125-130'C. The resultant polyimide oligomers (PBM-DDM) were characterized by elemental analysis, number of amino and imino groups, IR spectral studies, number average molecular weight, by non-aqueous conductometric titration, and thermogravimetry. These polyimide oligomers were used to cure epoxy resin, namely diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, and studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The unreinforced PBM-DDM epoxy-cured products have also been prepared and characterized. A preliminary study of glass reinforcement based on the PBM-DDM epoxy system has also been established.

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Comparative studies on carbon fiber reinforced composites based on trifunctional epoxy resin and commercial epoxy resin

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/0967391120967513 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096739112096751

Author(s):

Mahendrasinh Raj ◽

Lata Raj ◽

Jaykumar Maheta ◽

Smit Patel

Keyword(s):

Epoxy Resin ◽

Chemical Resistance ◽

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Diglycidyl Ether ◽

Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Weight Average Molecular Weight ◽

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽

Ft Ir

The present work focuses on comparative properties of β-naphthol based trifunctional epoxy resin and commercial epoxy resin. Reaction of β-naphthol, formaldehyde and epichlorohydrin forms trifunctional epoxy resin. β-Naphthol based trifunctional epoxy resin characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis (C, H, N, O analyzer), epoxy equivalent weight (EEW), weight average molecular weight [Formula: see text], viscosity, rise in viscosity, hydrolysable chlorine content and volatile content. β-Naphthol based trifunctional epoxy resin cured by five different hardeners and used as matrix material for carbon reinforced composites. Composites were characterized by their mechanical properties, chemical resistance and thermal properties. Results showed excellent chemical and thermal resistance. All results were compared against commercially available epoxy resin (Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A based epoxy resin having EEW of 400). Results showed that β-naphthol based trifunctional epoxy resin was superior than commercial epoxy resin.

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