scholarly journals Mechanical and Physical Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Made from Batai using Different Glue Spread Amounts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012087
Author(s):  
Kang Chiang Liew ◽  
Ezzia Stecy Maining
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Shrinkage And Swelling

Abstract This study aimed to determine the mechanical and physical properties of the Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) glued with different amounts of glue. Cost of glue is the outmost importance where it will help in reducing the CLT manufacturing cost. Four different amounts of glue spread were used where the glue that used was phenol-resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF);150, 200, 250 and 300g/m2. The testing of the CLT was conducted by following BS EN 408:2010, BS EN 16351:2015, ASTM D 2718 method B, ASTM D 143-94 and Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) 1152:2007. The analysis of physical tests that have been carried out are density, moisture content, shrinkage and swelling of the CLT’s thickness. Meanwhile, the mechanical tests were compression parallel and perpendicular to the grain, three-point bending test (flatwise and edgewise of CLT) and shear test. The highest density was shown by the CLT that using 300 g/m2 which the value was 316.41 kg/m3. Whereas the highest moisture content was shown by CLT that used 250 g/m2 with 15.49% in value. The highest thickness shrinkage percentage was 2.50%, CLT with 200g/m2 while the highest thickness swelling percentage was 5.60% which the CLT used 150 g/m2. For the flatwise bending test, it shows that the CLT that used 300 g/m2 has the highest MOE and MOR value which were 510.63N/mm2 and 8.39 N/mm2. The MOE and MOR value for edgewise bending also shows that CLT that used 300 g/m2 was the best with 1528.70 N/mm2and 13.48 N/mm2. In compression perpendicular to grain test, the CLT with 150 g/m2 shows the highest value of MOE which was 5.89 N/mm2 while CLT that used 200 g/m2 has the highest value of compressive strength with 9.10N/mm2. However, for compression parallel to grain test, the CLT that used 300 g/m2 shows the best performance with 1002.78 N/mm2 and 13.75 N/mm2 of MOE and compressive strength value. Lastly, for the shear test, the highest shear strength value was 0.39 N/mm2 which belongs to CLT that used 150 g/m2. Thus, CLT that used 300 g/m2 of glue spread amount is the best CLT which, the more the amount of glue, the better the performance of the CLT.

PEMANFAATAN KAYU AKASIA MANGIUM (Acacia mangium Willd) UNTUK MEBEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Djoko Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Scale Scores

Timber Acacia mangium (Acacia mangium, Willd) for Furniture. The study aims to determine the mechanical and physical properties and the decorative value (color and fiber) wood of acacia mangium with using finishing materials. This type of finishing material used is ultran lasur natural dof ,ultran lasur classic teak, aqua politur clear dof, aqua politur akasia dan aqua politur cherry. After finishing the wood is stored for 3 months. Test parameters were observed, namely, physical and mechanical properties of wood, adhesion of finishing materials, color and appearance of the fiber, and timber dimensions expansion. The results showed that the mechanical physical properties of acacia wood qualified SNI. 01-0608-89 about the physical and mechanical properties of wood for furniture, air dry the moisture content from 13.78 to 14.89%, flexural strength from 509.25 to 680.50 kg/cm2, and compressive strength parallel to fiber 342.1 - 412.9 kg/cm2. Finishing the treatment process using five types of finishing materials can increase the decorative value (color and fiber) wood. Before finishing the process of acacia mangium wood has the appearance of colors and fibers and less attractive (scale scores 2-3), after finishing acacia wood fibers have the appearance of colors and interesting and very interesting (scale 4-5).Keywords: mangium wood, mechanical properties, decorative value, finishing, furniture.

scholarly journals Nahrwan Clays Study for Brick Industry

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-544
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Quaternary Sediment ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Class A ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Depth Ranges

Nahrawan clay deposits lies in Diyala governorate , 65 Km, NE of Baghdad , according to the previous work in this field, in which they study the reserve belong to category of investigation ( C2 & C1 ) , we choice the proper area to investigation of category (B) with drill net( 200x 200m ) to rise the amount of reserve. The investigation work included drilling (116) boreholes of total depth ranges from (10.0-12.55m) , showed mainly clayey and silty deposits with little sand , and the typical borehole (648) represents all types of sediment in the area , and most of boreholes without sandy deposits , and all of these deposits is Quaternary sediment which is consist of two main sedimentary cycles ( the Pleistocene & Holocene ) . Chemical analysis for (343) samples were done , and physical test carried on ( 143 ) samples , and all show suitable properties for clay brick industry . the area of investigation covered ( 5.200.000 m2) involving ( 620.000 m2 ) containing soluble salt more than ( 3.5%) , which was separated from the total area , so the residual (4.580.000m2 ) had been taken to calculate the reserve , with depth of ( 10.76m) for the industrial clay bed . The reserve calculations depended on the following chemical & physical Properties: The chemical analysis shows that , CaO ( 16.53%) MgO ( 4.65% ) , SO3 ( 1.42%) , T.S.S. (2.42%) , the physical properties are unfired properties Which contains Bulk density ( 2.09gm/cm3) , moisture content (20.95%) , linear dry shri. (7.63%) , and fired properties which contain water absorption (18.8%) , linear shri. (0.8%) volume shri. (2.212% ) , compressive strength ( 468.606Kg/cm2) . So the reserve of category (B) is ( 49.280. 800 m3 ) or (102.966.000 Ton) the physical test showed that the brick classified into class (A-B) .

Effect of Firing Temperature on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Porcelain Balls as Grinding Media

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Hasrul Yahya ◽  
Mohd Roslee Othman ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Porcelain balls as grinding media are produced by firing process of clay, quartz and feldspar mixtures. This application need high technological properties such as high compressive strength and hardness, wear resistance, low water absorption and excellent chemical resistance. These properties are associated with higher firing temperatures. The porcelain balls were prepared by mixing 30 wt.% clay, 40 wt.% feldspar and 30 wt.% quartz. The samples were sintered at 1200°C, 1230°C, 1250°C, 1270°C and 1300°C for 2 hours with heating rate of 3°C/min. Both green powder and fired samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The properties of the fired samples were evaluated by compressive strength, hardness, shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, and porosity measurement. Increasing of compressive strength, hardness and density are associated with increasing of firing temperatures. Porcelain balls PB1 and PB2 can be produced as grinding media with optimum mechanical and physical properties at firing temperature 1270°C and 1250°C, respectively.

Tests of Selected Properties of Aggregates on Ceramic Wastes

2016 ◽  
Vol 677 ◽  
pp. 246-253
Author(s):  
Artur Koper
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Sanitary Ceramic ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Sintering

The article analysed the results of comparative sampling of selected properties of concretes with addition of aggregates from sanitary ceramic wastes. For the need of the analyses there were created concretes of various w/c coefficients (0,35, 0,50, 0,75) and with diverse percentage participation of ceramic wastes aggregates (exchange of 50% and 100% coarse aggregates into ceramic). The range of performed samples and analyses included sampling of mechanical and physical properties of concretes and the aggregates used. What was under analysis: for aggregates – sampling of bulk density, absorbency, resistance to crushing; for concretes from ceramic wastes – sampling of density, absorbency, compressive strength, tensile strength and compressive strength after roasting. Roasting was performed according to defined temperature cycles: cycle I - from 0 to 150OC (vaporisation of free water), cycle II - from 150 to 550OC (separation of chemically combined water), cycle III - beyond 550OC (change of hydraulic combination into ceramic, sintering).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sintering Serbuk Batuan Basalt sebagai Bahan Penguat pada Komposit Polyester terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-399
Author(s):  
Yusup Hendronursito ◽  
◽  
Asep Andri Saputra ◽  
Tumpal Ojahan Rajaguguk ◽  
Slamet Sumardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Rock Powder ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Basalt Rock

Basalt rock has great potential in Lampung Province but is only used as a building construction material. Basalt has superior characteristics such as abrasion/wear resistance, compressive strength and chemical reaction resistance making it suitable as a filler or reinforcement for composites. This study aims to determine the effect of basalt rock powder sintering as a reinforcing filler on the mechanical and physical properties of polymer matrix composites. The parameters used included variations in sintering temperature: 8500C, 9500C, and 1.0500C, variations in particle size: 100 < X < 150 mesh, 150 < Y < 200 mesh and 200 < Z < 270 mesh, and the volume fraction comparison of basalt sintering powder and polyester resin. 70: 30%, 80: 20%, and 90: 10%. The experimental design uses the L9 3^3 taguchi orthogonal array run 9 specimens. Taguchi analysis shows that the parameters that affect the mechanical and physical properties are the sintering temperature. sintering temperature contributed 61.77% to wear, and 87.58% to compressive strength, and 95.32% to composite density. The experimental results with the best value obtained a wear value of 0.235 x 10-7mm2 / kg, a compressive strength of 118.873 MPa, and a density of 2.272 gr/cm3.

scholarly journals Effect of firing temperature on physico-mechanical properties of contemporary clay brick productions in Lalitpur, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
NB Bohara ◽  
DB Ghale ◽  
YP Chapagain ◽  
N Duwal ◽  
J Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Maximum Compressive Strength

Effect of firing temperature on some physico-mechanical properties of ten brick samples, those were composed by feldspars, quartz, alumina-rich spinel, primary mullite and hematite phases, was investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. The brick samples fired between 700° to 1100° C showed 11-23 % water adsorptivity (WA), 19-37 % apparent porosity (AP) and 1.50-1.65 g/cm3 bulk density (BD) indicate good physical properties. The maximum compressive strength (CS) of the fired-bricks at 950° to 1000° C was found to be between 15.6 and 17.1 MPa. At 700°-1000° C firing temperatures, the CS of these bricks is found to be increased exponentially with decreasing of both WA and AP, however it is found to be increased with increasing the BD. Consequently, it can be said that there is good correlation between mechanical and physical properties of the fired-brick samples up to the firing temperature of 1000° C. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(1), 43-52, 2020

EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CFRP BY VARTM AND ITS APPLICATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 3896-3901 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUN-HAE KIM ◽  
JIN-HO SON ◽  
BYUNG-KUN CHOI ◽  
YOUNG-DAE JO ◽  
KUK-JIN KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Automobile Engine ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Vartm Process

In the present study, we contrast the change of mechanical and physical properties between VaRTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) and hand lay-up process. In the results of mechanical tests, VaRTM specimen is stronger than hand lay-up specimen and hand lay-up specimen became delamination. In the results of physical tests, the resin content of VaRTM specimen is lower than hand lay-up specimen. On micrograph, the strength of specimen by VaRTM between fiber and resin is stronger than that of one by hand lay-up. And the specimen by hand lay-up contains more defects than one by VaRTM. So, VaRTM process can practically apply for automobile engine hood. This paper shows that VaRTM process is one of the most suitable processes for composite parts of automobile.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF REFRACTORY STUDIO KILN SHELVES FROM AFOWA CLAY

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Festus Uzzi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

ABSTRACTThis study investigates production of refractory studio kiln shelves using Afowa clay. In solving firing problems, kiln was the earliest tool used to revolutionalize pottery productions, while shelves are among the furniture inside the kiln where ceramic green/bisque wares are stacked for firing. Most scholars in Nigeria who have written on kiln focused on construction of kiln, little has been done about kiln shelves production. Firing of pottery wares plays important roles in production of earthen or glaze wares. This paper deals with the production of shelves and suggests possible ways it can be used for stocking the kiln. It x-ray the problems associated with cracks on shelves and how to check them. The researcher also elaborates on different methods of propping shelves (bats) in stocking a kiln. Kiln setting for glaze firing follows a general principle of proper foot-cleaning and non-contact. The mechanical and physical properties of the composites are determined. Findings are made to show that there are improvement in hardness value, strength and compressive strength of the developed composites. Also, this research will impact positively on potters and institutions and will further open up research and creative development. It will hopefully discourage further importation of refractory materials and serves as reference material to potters. Keywords: Production, studio, kiln, Firing and shelves.

Study on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Lotus Kernels

2011 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 735-738
Author(s):  
Qiu Cheng Ma ◽  
Yin Bin Zhou ◽  
Dou Ling
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Empirical Distribution Function ◽  
Empirical Distribution ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
The Relationship

The mechanical and physical properties of lotus kernel play an important role in deep processing of lotus seeds. This paper established an empirical distribution function of random variables of the shape parameters of lotus kernels. The relationship between the moisture content and the hardness was analysed, and the compression strength of the different surfaces of the same lotus kernels were compared. The results indicate that, with the same moisture content, there is a centralized distribution section for lotus kernel shape. The density of a lotus kernel is higher than that of water. The higher the moisture content, the lower hardness. And the lower moisture content, the higher hardness. Compressed from different directions, the compression strengths of the lotus kernels are different.

Effect of Solid to Liquid Ratio on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Fly Ash Geopolymer without Sodium Silicate

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosniza Hanim Abdul Rahim ◽  
Khairun Azizi Azizli ◽  
Zakaria Man ◽  
Tia Rahmiati ◽  
Lukman Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Solid Liquid

Geopolymer is produced from the alkali activation of materials rich in Si and Al with addition of silicate solution in order to improve the mechanical property. Limited research has been done with the absence of silicate solution in the geopolymerization process by varying solid/liquid ratio and on how it works for that condition on mechanical and physical properties. This paper presents an investigation on the mechanical and physical properties of fly ash based geopolymer by varying solid to liquid ratio using sodium hydroxide as the only activator. In addition, the strength development also been investigated. The samples were prepared using 50mm x 50mm x 50mm mould and cured at an elevated temperature (60oC). It can be observed that the optimum compressive strength and density were obtained at solid/ liquid ratio of 4. In addition, the compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymer for all the solid to liquid ratio increased until 14 days and started to decrease later.

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