Effect of Firing Temperature on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Porcelain Balls as Grinding Media

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Hasrul Yahya ◽  
Mohd Roslee Othman ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Porcelain balls as grinding media are produced by firing process of clay, quartz and feldspar mixtures. This application need high technological properties such as high compressive strength and hardness, wear resistance, low water absorption and excellent chemical resistance. These properties are associated with higher firing temperatures. The porcelain balls were prepared by mixing 30 wt.% clay, 40 wt.% feldspar and 30 wt.% quartz. The samples were sintered at 1200°C, 1230°C, 1250°C, 1270°C and 1300°C for 2 hours with heating rate of 3°C/min. Both green powder and fired samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The properties of the fired samples were evaluated by compressive strength, hardness, shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, and porosity measurement. Increasing of compressive strength, hardness and density are associated with increasing of firing temperatures. Porcelain balls PB1 and PB2 can be produced as grinding media with optimum mechanical and physical properties at firing temperature 1270°C and 1250°C, respectively.

scholarly journals Study on High Energy Propellant Waste in the Processing of Fired Clay Bricks

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-602
Author(s):  
P.K. Mehta ◽  
A. Kumaraswamy ◽  
V. K. Saraswat ◽  
Praveen Kumar B.
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Pore Formation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Xrd Studies

Utilisation of propellant waste in fabrication of bricks is not only used as efficient waste disposal method but also to get better functional properties. In the present study, high energy propellant (HEP) waste additive mixed with soil and fly ash in different proportions during manufacturing of bricks has been investigated experimentally. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out to confirm the brick formation and the effect of HEP waste. Ceramic bricks were fabricated with HEP waste additive in proper proportions i.e. 0.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %, 1.5 wt %, 2.0 wt %, 2.5 wt %, 3 wt %, 3.5 wt %, and 4 wt % and then evaluated for water absorption capability and compressive strength. Compressive strength of 6.7 N/mm2, and Water absorption of 22 % have been observed from modified fired bricks impregnated with HEM waste additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to analyze the effect of HEP waste additive on pore formation and distribution in the bricks. Further, the heat resulting from decomposition of propellants can cause a decrease in the energy required of baking process. The process of manufacturing of bricks with HEP waste additive is first of its kind till date.

scholarly journals Effect of firing temperature on physico-mechanical properties of contemporary clay brick productions in Lalitpur, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
NB Bohara ◽  
DB Ghale ◽  
YP Chapagain ◽  
N Duwal ◽  
J Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Maximum Compressive Strength

Effect of firing temperature on some physico-mechanical properties of ten brick samples, those were composed by feldspars, quartz, alumina-rich spinel, primary mullite and hematite phases, was investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. The brick samples fired between 700° to 1100° C showed 11-23 % water adsorptivity (WA), 19-37 % apparent porosity (AP) and 1.50-1.65 g/cm3 bulk density (BD) indicate good physical properties. The maximum compressive strength (CS) of the fired-bricks at 950° to 1000° C was found to be between 15.6 and 17.1 MPa. At 700°-1000° C firing temperatures, the CS of these bricks is found to be increased exponentially with decreasing of both WA and AP, however it is found to be increased with increasing the BD. Consequently, it can be said that there is good correlation between mechanical and physical properties of the fired-brick samples up to the firing temperature of 1000° C. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(1), 43-52, 2020

Influence of Firing Temperature on the Behavior of Clay Ceramics Incorporated with Elephant Grass Ash

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Marcia Ferreira Dias da Silva ◽  
Rosane Toledo ◽  
Veronica Scarpini Candido ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Ceramics

The microstructural and technological properties of clay ceramic incorporated with 10 and 20 wt% of elephant grass ashes were investigated at different firing temperatures of 650, 850 and 1050oC. X-ray diffraction were used to obtain the minerals and phase compositions. The microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The technical properties related to water absorption, linear shrinkage and flexural rupture strength were obtained by standard test. The results showed significant changes in the microstructure and phasic composition with increasing firing temperature. A marked improvement in the water absorption, decreasing to 18% as well as increase in strength, above 5 MPa, was found at 1050°C. However, only a slight contribution might be attributed to the incorporation of elephant grass ash. Nevertheless, its use as a by-product and the associated saving in clay are relevant environmental and economical advantages.

scholarly journals Utilization of metallurgical solid by-products for the development of inorganic polymeric construction materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Aluminium Production ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

This paper deals with the geopolymerization of the red mud generated in the primary aluminium production and the slag generated in the ferronickel production, in order to develop inorganic polymeric materials with advanced mechanical and physical properties. In particular, the effect of the main synthesis parameters of the inorganic polymeric materials on their mechanical strength and water absorption was investigated. Moreover, the structure of the inorganic polymeric materials was studied according to X-ray Diffraction analysis, Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy and Scanning Electronic Microscopy. The inorganic polymeric materials produced by the geopolymerization of the red mud developed compressive strength up to 21 MPa and presented water absorption lower than 3 %, while the geopolymerization of the ferronickel slag resulted in materials with compressive strength higher than 110 MPa and extremely low water absorption (< 1 %). According to these results, the developed materials may be viewed as alternatives in the industrial sectors of construction and building materials.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF REFRACTORY STUDIO KILN SHELVES FROM AFOWA CLAY

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Festus Uzzi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

ABSTRACTThis study investigates production of refractory studio kiln shelves using Afowa clay. In solving firing problems, kiln was the earliest tool used to revolutionalize pottery productions, while shelves are among the furniture inside the kiln where ceramic green/bisque wares are stacked for firing. Most scholars in Nigeria who have written on kiln focused on construction of kiln, little has been done about kiln shelves production. Firing of pottery wares plays important roles in production of earthen or glaze wares. This paper deals with the production of shelves and suggests possible ways it can be used for stocking the kiln. It x-ray the problems associated with cracks on shelves and how to check them. The researcher also elaborates on different methods of propping shelves (bats) in stocking a kiln. Kiln setting for glaze firing follows a general principle of proper foot-cleaning and non-contact. The mechanical and physical properties of the composites are determined. Findings are made to show that there are improvement in hardness value, strength and compressive strength of the developed composites. Also, this research will impact positively on potters and institutions and will further open up research and creative development. It will hopefully discourage further importation of refractory materials and serves as reference material to potters. Keywords: Production, studio, kiln, Firing and shelves.

scholarly journals Mechanical and physical properties of teak leaves waste/polyurethane composites for particleboard application

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 2633366X2096250
Author(s):  
Masturi ◽  
WN Jannah ◽  
RM Maulana ◽  
T Darsono ◽  
Sunarno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Value Of Water ◽  
Polyurethane Composites

A teak leaf waste/polyurethane composite has been made for particleboard application. Some fraction variations are performed on the use of polyurethane as a matrix with a range of 0.04–0.20 (w/w). Mechanical and physical properties have been tested on the composites produced. The test results showed that the highest compressive strength of the sample reaches 38.5 MPa for polyurethane fraction of 0.14 (w/w). The composite has a density of 1261 kg m−3 which is in accordance with the result of density on teak. The physical properties have been also investigated and it was found that the lowest value of water absorption is 1.38%. This result indicated that the composites produced are potentially to replace wood raw material in eco-friendly industrial scale.

scholarly journals Utilization of Waste Glass in Autoclaved Silica–Lime Materials

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Borek ◽  
Przemysław Czapik
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Waste Container

This paper aims to investigate the possibility of using waste glass of different colours as a complete substitute for quartz sand in autoclaved silica–lime samples. On the one hand, this increases the possibility of recycling waste glass; on the other hand, it allows obtaining autoclaved materials with better properties. In this research, reference samples with quartz sand (R) and white (WG), brown (BG), and green (GG) waste container glass were made. Parameters such as compressive strength, bulk density, and water absorption were examined on all samples. The samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy detector (SEM/EDS) and subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The WG samples showed 187% higher compressive strength, BG by 159%, and GG by 134% compared to sample R. In comparison to the reference sample, volumetric density was 16.8% lower for sample WG, 13.2% lower for BG, and 7.1% lower for GG. Water absorption increased as bulk density decreased. The WG sample achieved the highest water absorption value, 15.84%. An X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of calcite, portlandite, and tobermorite phases. Depending on the silica aggregate used, there were differences in phase composition linked to compressive strength. Hydrated calcium silicates with varying crystallisation degrees were visible in the microstructure image.

scholarly journals The Use of Dredged Sediment from the Watsongpeenong Canal with Paper Mill Residue to Produce Facing Bricks

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Jiraporn Namchan ◽  
Nuta Supakata
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Right

The potential to use dredged sediment from the Watsongpeenong Canal and paper mill residue as the primary raw materials for producing facing bricks was studied in the laboratory. Dredged sediment and paper mill residue were chemically, mineralogically, and thermally characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To evaluate the effects of the contents of the paper mill residue on pore-forming, large amounts of paper mill residue, ranging from 5 to 7 % by mass, were blended with dredged sediments and fired at 700oC. The physical-mechanical properties, including dimensions and tolerances, wryness, deviation of the right angle, water absorption, compressive strength, stain, hole, rails, and cracks, as well as the microstructural properties of the facing bricks, were investigated. In addition, the heavy metals (Mn, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in the facing bricks were identified. The results indicated that the dimensions and tolerance, wryness, deviation from the right angle, water absorption, compressive strength, holes, and rails of the facing bricks with 5 % and 7 % by weight of paper mill residue were compliant with the requirements of the TIS 168-2546 standard. For stains and cracks, no batches of the facing bricks complied with the standard. Facing bricks made from 93 % dredged sediment and 7 % paper mill residue (93D+7P) obtained the highest compressive strength, with a value of 23.66 MPa. Therefore, dredged sediment and paper mill residue can be considered as suitable for use as primary raw materials in the production of facing bricks.

scholarly journals Research on fabricartion of non-calcined geopolymer ceramics from kaolin Tung Ba, Vi Xuyen, Ha Giang

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-402
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Lan ◽  
Nguyen Anh Duong ◽  
Phan Luu Anh ◽  
Tran Thi Man
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Mineral Component ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The mineral component of kaolin clay in Tung Ba commune analyzed by X-ray diffraction is composed mainly of kaolinite (24–27%), illite (26–30%) and quartz (40–44%). Chemical composition (wt%) of Tung Ba kaolin determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) shows SiO2 at 59.92–64.98, Al2O3: 18.95–20.82, Fe2O3: 2.28–3.95, SO3: 2.47–4.66, CaO: 0.12–0.36, MgO: 1.72–2.13 and TiO2 at 0.75–1,08. To fabricate geopolymer ceramic, kaolin clay was transformed into metakaolin with the optimal parameters of calcination: the temperature at 750°C and heating time of 120 min. Obtained metakaolin is mixed with mixtures of NaOH/Na2SiO3 (40%wt) with ratios of 0.2, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5 and NaOH molarities are 10M, 12M, 14M. Testing geopolymer ceramics after 28 days had a compressive strength of 40–196 KG/cm2, water absorption of 15.25–17.98% and density of 1.54–1.69 g/cm3, totally satisfied the Vietnamese standard for construction bricks and ceramics.

scholarly journals Effect of Calcium Stearate in the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Concrete with PCC and Fly Ash as Binders

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Maryoto ◽  
Buntara Sthenly Gan ◽  
Nor Intang Setyo Hermanto ◽  
Rachmad Setijadi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Calcium Stearate ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion Tests ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Lower Chloride

This work aims to study the effect of Ca(C18H35O2)2 (calcium stearate) on the properties of concrete by using Portland composite cement (PCC) and fly ash as binders. The calcium stearate content used in the concrete here consists of 0, 1, 5, and 10 kg per m3 of concrete volume, or alternatively, 0 to 2.85% by the weight of cement. We have performed several tests for each of the contents, namely, compressive strength, water absorption, chloride ion infiltration, and accelerated corrosion tests. According to the testing, we have found that with the addition of calcium stearate at 1 kg/m3 in self-compacting concrete (SCC) with 10% fly ash, the mechanical and physical properties of SCC can be improved significantly when compared to the SCC without fly ash and calcium stearate, resulting in a stable compressive strength, lower water absorption, lower chloride ion infiltration, and lower degree of corrosion attack.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document