scholarly journals Reserves for increasing the productivity of broilers with a large-cage method of keeping

2021 ◽  
Vol 659 (1) ◽  
pp. 012084
Author(s):  
G N Vyazenen ◽  
L F Natalevich ◽  
S V Razaev ◽  
A G Vyazenen ◽  
A E Barashkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Cage

scholarly journals Hydrogen Inter-Cage Hopping and Cage Occupancies inside Hydrogen Hydrate: Molecular-Dynamics Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Yogeshwaran Krishnan ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ghaani ◽  
Arnaud Desmedt ◽  
Niall J. English
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Guest Molecule ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Simulation Time ◽  
Average Occupancy

The inter-cage hopping in a type II clathrate hydrate with different numbers of H2 and D2 molecules, from 1 to 4 molecules per large cage, was studied using a classical molecular dynamics simulation at temperatures of 80 to 240 K. We present the results for the diffusion of these guest molecules (H2 or D2) at all of the different occupations and temperatures, and we also calculated the activation energy as the energy barrier for the diffusion using the Arrhenius equation. The average occupancy number over the simulation time showed that the structures with double and triple large-cage H2 occupancy appeared to be the most stable, while the small cages remained with only one guest molecule. A Markov model was also calculated based on the number of transitions between the different cage types.

scholarly journals Investigating the Factors Affecting the Ionic Conduction in Nanoconfined NaBH4

Inorganics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Luo ◽  
Aditya Rawal ◽  
Kondo-Francois Aguey-Zinsou
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Metal Hydrides ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Mcm 41

Nanoconfinement is an effective strategy to tune the properties of the metal hydrides. It has been extensively employed to modify the ionic conductivity of LiBH4 as an electrolyte for Li-ion batteries. However, the approach does not seem to be applicable to other borohydrides such as NaBH4, which is found to reach a limited improvement in ionic conductivity of 10−7 S cm−1 at 115 °C upon nanoconfinement in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) instead of 10−8 S cm−1. In comparison, introducing large cage anions in the form of Na2B12H12 naturally formed upon the nanoconfinement of NaBH4 was found to be more effective in leading to higher ionic conductivities of 10−4 S cm−1 at 110 °C.

Studies on the Responses of the Female Aëdes Mosquito. Part II.—The Action of Liquid Repellent Compounds

1951 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Sarkaria ◽  
A. W. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Mosquito Repellents ◽  
Protection Period

A number of liquid mosquito repellents were assessed for vapour repellency power in an olfactometer mounted in a very large cage filled with females of Aëdes aegypti. They were also tested for their knockdown power in fumigation bottles. Their vapour pressures were determined by the Ramsay-Young method.All the liquids showed vapour repellency, and in 39 out of the 42 tested this effect was highly significant. The highest vapour repellency ratings were shown by compounds already known to be the most effective repellents.Although the more volatile compounds such as citronellal tend to show the highest repellency ratings, nevertheless compounds of low vapour pressure such as indalone, DMP and isobornyl morpholinoacetate may also show high vapour repellency. It is concluded that vapour repellency, although in the first instance dependent upon volatility, can vary independently of vapour pressure, so that compounds may be found which afford not only a long protection period due to their nonvolatility, but also a high vapour repellency due to the potency of the comparatively few molecules that are volatilised.The vapours of most of the repellents were found to induce knockdown of mosquitos, but there was no correlation between the speed of this process and the vapour repellency of the compounds.

scholarly journals Deformation of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Structures on Exposure to High Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Lowe ◽  
Richard T. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Pore Structures ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Wide Range

Ordered mesoporous silica materials are of interest for a wide range of applications. In many of these, elevated temperatures are used either in the preparation of the material or during its use. Therefore, an understanding of the effect of high temperature treatments on these materials is desirable. In this work, a detailed structural study is performed on silicas with three representative pore structures: a 2-D hexagonal pore arrangement (SBA-15), a continuous 3D cubic bimodal pore structure (KIT-6), and a 3D large cage pore structure (FDU-12). Each silica is studied as prepared and after treatment at a series of temperatures between 300 and 900°C. Pore structures are imaged using Transmission Electron Microscopy. This technique is used in conjunction with Small-Angle X-ray Diffraction, gas physisorption, and29Si solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Using these techniques, the pore size distributions, the unit cell dimensions of the mesoporous structures, and the relative occupancy of the distinct chemical environments of Si within them are cross correlated for the three silicas and their evolution with treatment temperature is elucidated. The physical and chemical properties before, during, and after collapse of these structures at high temperatures are described as are the differences in behavior between the three silica structures.

scholarly journals Molecular Insights into Cage Occupancy of Hydrogen Hydrate: A Computational Study

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma ◽  
Zhong ◽  
Liu ◽  
Zhong ◽  
Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Capacity ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the hydrogen storage capacity in the sII hydrate. Calculation results show that the optimum hydrogen storage capacity is ~5.6 wt%, with the double occupancy in the small cage and quintuple occupancy in the large cage. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that these multiple occupied hydrogen hydrates can occur at mild conditions, and their stability will be further enhanced by increasing the pressure or decreasing the temperature. Our work highlights that the hydrate is a promising material for storing hydrogen.

scholarly journals Theoretical Investigation of the Fusion Process of Mono-Cages to Tri-Cages with CH4/C2H6 Guest Molecules in sI Hydrates

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7071
Author(s):  
Shuxian Wei ◽  
Siyuan Liu ◽  
Shoufu Cao ◽  
Sainan Zhou ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Fusion Process ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Cage Structure ◽  
Microscopic Mechanism ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Further Development

Owing to a stable and porous cage structure, natural gas hydrates can store abundant methane and serve as a potentially natural gas resource. However, the microscopic mechanism of how hydrate crystalline grows has not been fully explored, especially for the structure containing different guest molecules. Hence, we adopt density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the fusion process of structure I hydrates with CH4/C2H6 guest molecules from mono-cages to triple-cages. We find that the volume of guest molecules affects the stabilities of large (51262, L) and small (512, s) cages, which are prone to capture C2H6 and CH4, respectively. Mixed double cages (small cage and large cage) with the mixed guest molecules have the highest stability and fusion energy. The triangular triple cages exhibit superior stability because of the three shared faces, and the triangular mixed triple cages (large-small-large) structure with the mixed guest molecules shows the highest stability and fusion energy in the triple-cage fusion process. These results can provide theoretical insights into the growth mechanism of hydrates with other mono/mixed guest molecules for further development and application of these substances.

scholarly journals Social behavior of musk deer during the mating season potentially influences the diversity of their gut microbiome

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10860
Author(s):  
Jianmei Li ◽  
Wei Luo ◽  
Yudong Zhu ◽  
Qinlong Dai ◽  
Guoqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Musk Deer ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

An increasing body of research has revealed that social behavior shapes the animal gut microbiome community and leads to the similarity among the same social group. However, some additional factors (e.g., diet and habitat within each social group) may also contribute to this similarity within the social group and dissimilarity between social groups. Here, we investigated the potential correlation between social behavior and the gut microbiome community in 179 musk deer from four breeding regions in the Maerkang Captive Center, Sichuan. The dominant gut microbiome phyla in the musk deer in this study were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. We found significant effects on the alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiome due to the breeding regions. The similarity within breeding regions was higher than that between the breeding regions. Due to their solitary lifestyle, captive musk deer are raised in single cages with no direct social contact most of the time. Deer in all of the breeding regions have the same diet and similar living conditions. However, during each mating season from November to January, in each region, one adult male and about six adult females will be put together into a large cage. Social behavior happens during cohabitation, including mating behavior, grooming within the same sex or between different sexes, and other social contact. Therefore, we speculated that high similarity within the breeding region might be associated with the social behavior during the mating season. This was a simple and straightforward example of the relationship between animal social behavior and the gut microbiome.

Some Temperature Responses of Nymphs of Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides (R. & F.), with Special Reference to Aggregation

1955 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
R. F. CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Definite Temperature ◽  
Linear Manner

1. The results of experiments in a temperature gradient showed a definite temperature ‘preference’ on the part of hoppers (nymphs) of all stages. This ‘preference’ was constant from instar to instar but varied with the preconditioning temperature. 2. The rate of movement of first-instar hoppers was shown to increase in a linear manner with temperature up to 25° C., above which the rate fell off. It is suggested that these are quantitative data supporting Kennedy's (1939) remarks on negative thermokinesis. 3. Experiments in 12 l. cages showed that group formation depends on a patchy temperature field rather than on any particular temperature, and that environmental conditions are more important than mutual responses of the hoppers. Hoppers less than 3 days old, as well as older ones, formed groups under the conditions of patchy temperature. 4. The experiments suggested that surface temperatures are more important than air or body temperatures in the initial formation of groups. 5. Basking groups induced by local radiant heat in a large cage did not differ in form from the groups in the 12 l. cages formed in the absence of radiant heat. 6. Surface texture was shown to be unimportant in group formation, hoppers always collecting on the hotter surface even when temperature differences were of the order of only 1° C. 7. The groups were shown to be in a very dynamic state, with hoppers continually coming and going. The average time spent in a group by any one hopper was 6 min. 46 sec. 8. Formation of basking groups in the field depends on the physiological state of the hoppers, rather than on any definite temperature.

scholarly journals A CRISPR homing gene drive targeting a haplolethal gene removes resistance alleles and successfully spreads through a cage population

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (39) ◽  
pp. 24377-24383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson Champer ◽  
Emily Yang ◽  
Esther Lee ◽  
Jingxian Liu ◽  
Andrew G. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Drive ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Guide Rnas ◽  
Genetic Modifications ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Cage Population ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Gene Drives

Engineered gene drives are being explored as a new strategy in the fight against vector-borne diseases due to their potential for rapidly spreading genetic modifications through a population. However, CRISPR-based homing gene drives proposed for this purpose have faced a major obstacle in the formation of resistance alleles that prevent Cas9 cleavage. Here, we present a homing drive in Drosophila melanogaster that reduces the prevalence of resistance alleles below detectable levels by targeting a haplolethal gene with two guide RNAs (gRNAs) while also providing a rescue allele. Resistance alleles that form by end-joining repair typically disrupt the haplolethal target gene and are thus removed from the population because individuals that carry them are nonviable. We demonstrate that our drive is highly efficient, with 91% of the progeny of drive heterozygotes inheriting the drive allele and with no functional resistance alleles observed in the remainder. In a large cage experiment, the drive allele successfully spread to all individuals within a few generations. These results show that a haplolethal homing drive can provide an effective tool for targeted genetic modification of entire populations.

scholarly journals Negative Pressure Engineering with Large Cage Cations in 2D Halide Perovskites Causes Lattice Softening

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (26) ◽  
pp. 11486-11496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Li ◽  
Yongping Fu ◽  
Laurent Pedesseau ◽  
Peijun Guo ◽  
Shelby Cuthriell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Lattice Softening
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document