scholarly journals Role of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. in shrimp and fish: a mini review

2021 ◽  
Vol 890 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
W Munaeni ◽  
F Muchdar ◽  
M Aris
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
And Control

Abstract Medicinal plants have been commonly used in aquaculture to increase growth and immunity and control fish diseases as an effort to replace or as alternative to uses of chemical antibiotics and compounds. The use of medicinal plants in aquaculture provides safe and environmentally friendly compounds. Natural products of medicinal plants have been used in humans for thousands of years to treat disease. One of them is Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. This article describes the potential of E. bulbosa as an antibacterial, prebiotic, and antioxidant as well as its efficacy on aquatic organisms. Addition of extracts and powders of E. bulbosa through feed to white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was able to improve growth performance, immune response, and resistance against infection from pathogenic bacteria. Optimal use of E. bulbosa needs to pay attention to dose and size of shrimp cultured. So far, administration of E. bulbosa powder through feed was more effective and efficient than the use of E. bulbosa extract in a large scale. Research on E. bulbosa as an immunostimulant in fish is still limited. Further research on the use of E. bulbosa should be conducted to examine the effect of E. bulbosa on growth performance and fish health on a large scale aquaculture.

Sharing Stories, Sharing Bias: How Descriptions of Context Shape Negative Stereotype Use in Response to Accounts of Economic Adversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Fallin Hunzaker ◽  
Marcus Mann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Context Shape ◽  
And Control

Abstract Research shows that observers use negative stereotypes to construe victims of misfortune as responsible for their own fate. In two experiments, we test three situational characteristics’ (injustice, scale, and control) effects on observers’ tendency to use negative stereotypes when communicating stories about others’ economic hardship. Study 1 examines predictions, based on social psychological theories of equity and justice, that stereotype use should increase in response to accounts of misfortune that are the result of unjust under-reward. Contrary to predictions, Study 1 found that participants used more stereotypes when retelling accounts in which the protagonist’s misfortune was not the result of unjust rewards. Study 2 investigates competing predictions to Study 1, based on research regarding how portrayals of scale (whether the misfortune affects one vs. many) and control (whether another actor has control over the misfortune of another) affect perceptions of misfortune. Study 2 results indicate that stereotype use increases in response to accounts of large-scale, uncontrollable misfortune. Together, these studies suggest that qualities of portrayals (such as scale and control) are crucial in understanding stereotype transmission processes above and beyond the role of perceptions of injustice (i.e., the unequal distribution of rewards).

scholarly journals CHNS Modeling for Study and Management of Human–Water Interactions at Multiple Scales

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaraswamy Ponnambalam ◽  
S. Jamshid Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Hydrology

This paper presents basic definitions and challenges/opportunities from different perspectives to study and control water cycle impacts on society and vice versa. The wider and increased interactions and their consequences such as global warming and climate change, and the role of complex institutional- and governance-related socioeconomic-environmental issues bring forth new challenges. Hydrology and integrated water resources management (IWRM from the viewpoint of an engineering planner) do not exclude in their scopes the study of the impact of changes in global hydrology from societal actions and their feedback effects on the local/global hydrology. However, it is useful to have unique emphasis through specialized fields such as hydrosociology (including the society in planning water projects, from the viewpoint of the humanities) and sociohydrology (recognizing the large-scale impacts society has on hydrology, from the viewpoint of science). Global hydrological models have been developed for large-scale hydrology with few parameters to calibrate at local scale, and integrated assessment models have been developed for multiple sectors including water. It is important not to do these studies with a silo mindset, as problems in water and society require highly interdisciplinary skills, but flexibility and acceptance of diverse views will progress these studies and their usefulness to society. To deal with complexities in water and society, systems modeling is likely the only practical approach and is the viewpoint of researchers using coupled human–natural systems (CHNS) models. The focus and the novelty in this paper is to clarify some of these challenges faced in CHNS modeling, such as spatiotemporal scale variations, scaling issues, institutional issues, and suggestions for appropriate mathematical tools for dealing with these issues.

Information Communications in the Higher School Educational Space

10.12737/5419 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Захаров ◽  
A. Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Within the Federal Target Programme on the Development of Education in Russia strategic projects on introduction of new models for managing education and arranging educational process are being implemented in all higher educational institutions of this country. This transformation is going on in the context of large-scale use of information and telecommunication technologies, which are aimed to ensure the individual approach to education on the basis of merging educational process with technologies and also to reduce costs for the shift towards innovation development of higher educational institutions. The significant role of self-guided work, stipulated within the third generation educational standards, emphasizes top priority issues both on effective arrangement and control of students’ learning outcomes and on helping to reduce teachers’ efforts for functions to deliver knowledge to learners.

scholarly journals Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fed varying dietary phosphorus levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi ◽  
Chukwuka Doris Queen ◽  
Echor Felix Okaliwe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

One hundred and twenty (120) juveniles of African catfish Clarias gariepinus were obtained in May 2015 from a reputable Fish Farm in Enugu to the University Research Farm (latitude 074o North and 082o South, longitude 068o East and 076o West with annual mean temperature of 30oC). The fish were fed for 49 days from June – July 2015 with diets containing 4 different inclusion levels of phosphorus T1 [0.6% P], T2 [0.8% P], T3 [1.00% P], T4 [1.2% P] and T5 [0% P] which served as control diet, to determine optimum P requirement for fish growth at probability level of P < 0.05 between various treatments and control. Each diet was formulated to contain 40% crude protein composed of yellow maize, soybean cake, palm kernel cake and fish meal. Fish fed with graded levels of phosphorus were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than control in FW and MDWG. There was however no significant difference (P > 0.05) in FCR and PER between T1, T2, T4 and control but T3 was significantly (P < 0.05) better in FCR (0.33) than control (0.39). Similarly, T3 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in PER than control. Fish in T3 had the best growth performance indicative that 1% P is the optimum requirement for the growth of C. gariepinus.Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.4(3): 215-220, December 2017

scholarly journals Narrating Europe's Migration and Refugee ‘Crisis’

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Collyer ◽  
Russell King
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
And Control

It is very clear – as many journalists covering the unfolding migration and refugee crisis have pointed out – that geography lies at the heart of the events taking place in Europe and the Mediterranean. It is a story of borders and routes, of distance and proximity, and of location and accessibility. The role of (re-) bordering has been fundamental in states’ attempts to ‘manage’ and ‘control’ the refugee and migrant flows and, in this respect, we observe a return to the more traditional practices of bordering – physical barriers and personnel-heavy security controls – rather than the previous processes of ‘externalizing’ and ‘internalizing’ border management. In the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans the external border of the European ‘fortress’ has been prised open, whilst the free-movement ethos of the Schengen area has been compromized by EU states’ reactions to the large-scale movement of migrants and refugees and recent acts of terrorism. In this introductory paper we bring a critical geopolitical lens into play in order to understand the European, regional and global power geometries at work, and we critically examine the political and media rhetoric around the various discursive constructions of the migrant/refugee ‘crisis’, including both the negative and the Islamophobic utterances of some European leaders and the game-changing iconicity of certain media images.

scholarly journals Bioecology And Prospects Of Essential Oil And Medicinal Plants Cultivation In Surkhandarya Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Begmatov Abdusamat ◽  
◽  
Ganieva Gulirukhsor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Medical Reform ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Effective Use

It is emphasized that the role of natural remedies in the treatment of some diseases is invaluable in the process of medical reform. Therefore, large-scale measures are being taken in our country on the basis of state programs to increase the number of medicinal plants and organize their processing said President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. At the suggestion of Mirziyoyev, tasks are being given to establish plantations of medicinal plants in certain regions of the country and process them. During the visit of the President to the Surkhandarya region, these proposals on the effective use of existing opportunities in the region, especially in the desert and mountainous areas, will open a new stage in the work on the cultivation of medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Growth performance, haematology and histopathology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed varying levels of Aloe barbadensis leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adegbesan Sherifat Ibidunni ◽  
Obasa Samuel Olubodun ◽  
Abdulraheem Ikililu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Protein Diets

One hundred and twenty Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (2.33 ± 0.07 g) were fed with 40% crude protein diets containing three concentrations of Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1, 1%; ABL2, 2%; ABL3, 3%, and control, 0% ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. Mean weight gain and percentage weight gain increased (P < 0.05) as concentration of A. barbadensis increased. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. Differences (P < 0.05) seen in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC), thus highest in ABL3: PCV (36.67 ± 0.89%), Hb (12.37 ± 0.37 g dl–1) and RBC (3.47 ± 0.08×106 L–1) and lowest in control: PCV (22.0 ± 0.58%), Hb (7.37 ± 0.20 g dl–1) and RBC (2.07 ± 0.06 ×106 L–1). Liver histology of control fish was normal, while fatty degenerations were seen in the treated fish. The histology of fish kidney was normal in all treatments. The study concluded that 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste could effectively improve growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus.

scholarly journals OFP1 Interaction with ATH1 Regulates Stem Growth, Flowering Time and Flower Basal Boundary Formation in Arabidopsis

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liguo Zhang ◽  
Lili Sun ◽  
Xiaofei Zhang ◽  
Shuquan Zhang ◽  
Dongwei Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
And Control ◽  
Two Hybrid

Ovate Family Protein1 (OFP1) is a regulator, and it is suspected to be involved in plant growth and development. Meanwhile, Arabidopsis Thaliana Homeobox (ATH1), a BEL1-like homeodomain (HD) transcription factor, is known to be involved in regulating stem growth, flowering time and flower basal boundary development in Arabidopsis. Previous large-scale yeast two-hybrid studies suggest that ATH1 possibly interact with OFP1, but this interaction is yet unverified. In our study, the interaction of OFP1 with ATH1 was verified using a directional yeast two-hybrid system and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Our results also demonstrated that the OFP1-ATH1 interaction is mainly controlled by the HD domain of ATH1. Meanwhile, we found that ATH1 plays the role of transcriptional repressor to regulate plant development and that OFP1 can enhance ATH1 repression function. Regardless of the mechanism, a putative functional role of ATH1-OFP1 may be to regulate the expression of the both the GA20ox1 gene, which is involved in gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and control of stem elongation, and the Flowering Locus C (FLC) gene, which inhibits transition to flowering. Ultimately, the regulatory functional mechanism of OFP1-ATH1 may be complicated and diverse according to our results, and this work lays groundwork for further understanding of a unique and important protein–protein interaction that influences flowering time, stem development, and flower basal boundary development in plants.

scholarly journals Microplastic-mediated transport of PCBs? A depuration study with Daphnia magna

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zandra Gerdes ◽  
Martin Ogonowski ◽  
Inna Nybom ◽  
Caroline Ek ◽  
Margaretha Adolfsson-Erici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
C And N ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe role of microplastic (MP) as a carrier of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to aquatic organisms has been a topic of debate. However, theoretically, the reverse POP transport can occur at higher relative contaminant concentrations in the organism than in the microplastic. The effect of microplastic on the PCB removal in planktonic animals was evaluated using the cladoceran Daphnia magna with a high body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 18, 40, 128 and 209) exposed to a mixture of microplastic and algae (with 77% MP by mass); daphnids exposed to only algae served as the control. As the endpoints, we used PCB body burden, growth, fecundity and elemental composition (%C and %N) of the daphnids. We found that PCB 209 was removed more efficiently in the daphnids fed with microplastic, while there was no difference for the ΣPCBs between the microplastic-exposed and control animals. Effects of the microplastic exposure on fecundity were of low biological significance, even though both the starting PCB body burden and the microplastic exposure concentrations were high and greatly exceeding environmentally relevant concentrations.

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