scholarly journals Optimization of fermentation time and grain concentration for water kefir production from butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 924 (1) ◽  
pp. 012081
Author(s):  
A E Setiawati ◽  
J Kusnadi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Butterfly Pea ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Water Kefir

Abstract Herbal tea is known rich in bioactive compounds and pigments. Herbal tea can be derived from Butterfly pea flowers. Butterfly pea has a high level of anthocyanins and flavonoid levels. However, butterfly pea has not been used optimally in fermentation products such as water kefir. Water kefir has many benefits and potential antioxidant sources. This research aimed to optimize fermentation time (24-48 hours) and concentration grain (5-15%) for the production of butterfly pea water kefir with a good antioxidant activity using response surface methodology. Central Composite Design was used to develop models of the response. The response used in this research is antioxidant activity, flavonoid, anthocyanin and brightness. The optimum condition was obtained at 36 hours 2 minutes of fermentation time, and 15% of grain concentration using Design Expert 10.01. The optimum combination for butterfly pea water kefir resulted in 58 ppm of antioxidant activity, 39 of brightness, 81 mg/g QE of flavonoid and 4.2 ppm of anthocyanin. A validation experiment showed that no significant difference between actual and predicted values based on paired t-test (p>0.05) using Minitab 17.0.

scholarly journals The ramification of fermentation time on antioxidant properties of Napier grass herbal tea by black tea processing method

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-357
Author(s):  
K.S. Ng ◽  
Zamzahaila Mohd Zin ◽  
Nurmahani Mohd Maidin ◽  
M.K. Zainol
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Frap Assay ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Tea fermentation relates to the enzymatic oxidation of the leaves of the tea and the formation of dark pigments. This method is usually conducted in a setting where temperature and humidity can be regulated. However, the impact of fermentation time on the antioxidant characteristics of Napier grass herbal tea is still unanswered. This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation time on antioxidant properties of Napier grass black tea. Napier grass was subjected to fermentation for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hrs. Fresh and dried samples were extracted in water (95°C, 30 mins) and the extracts were then analysed by total phenolic content (TPC) assay, total flavonoid content (TFC) assay, diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. Sample fermented for 9 hrs showed the highest results in TPC (18.32±0.38) and FRAP assay (91.00±2.78). Whereas, the highest flavonoids and antioxidant activity were found in dried sample without fermentation (control) in TFC (97.82±13.00) and DPPH (90.02±1.11). However, samples fermented for 3 to 9 hrs showed no significant difference with that of the fresh sample in TFC and DPPH indicating 3 to 9 hrs fermentation time did not affect the antioxidant properties of Napier grass. In FTC and TBA, all the fermented samples showed lower antioxidant activity than that of fresh samples and control. The results suggested that 9 h of fermentation time is suitable for the preparation of Napier grass black tea as it exhibited high antioxidant properties in TPC, TFC, DPPH and FRAP assays.

scholarly journals Analysis of chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity test of kombucha black tea and butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) based on fermentation time

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Putu Rima Sintyadewi ◽  
I Gusti Agung Yogi Rabani RS ◽  
Nadya Treesna Wulansari
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Butterfly Pea

Free radicals are one of the triggering factors for degenerative diseases. Free radical activity can be minimized or prevented in the presence of antioxidant compounds. The butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) has long been used as a traditional medicine to cure various diseases. Previous research has shown that the Butterfly pea flower has bioactive compounds, one of which is flavonoids, which act as antioxidants. Butterfly pea flower can be used as another substitute in making black tea-based kombucha drinks. Kombucha fermentation can increase the benefits of Butterfly pea flower with the presence of organic acids, minerals, and vitamins produced during the fermentation process. This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation time on chemical characteristics including pH, reducing sugar content, and antioxidant activity. Based on analysis of variance ANOVA showed that the length of time fermentation had a very significant effect (P>0.01) on pH, reducing sugar content and antioxidant activity of black tea and Butterfly pea flower kombucha. The longer the fermentation time, the lower the pH and sugar content in the medium. Optimum antioxidant activity occurred on the 8th day of fermentation in the variation of treatment P3 (3:3) which was 89.74%. These results indicate that black tea kombucha and Butterfly pea flower are categorized as having high antioxidant activity at the interval of 68.45% to 89.74%.

scholarly journals Antioxidant from Turmeric Fermentation Products (Curcuma longa) by Aspergillus Oryzae

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Sulasiyah Sulasiyah ◽  
Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono ◽  
Agustina L. N. Aminin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The antioxidant capacity of natural materials can be improved by fermentation. In this study, turmeric rhizome was fermented by Aspergillus oryzae. Fermentation products were obtained with fermentation time of 14, 21 and 28 hours. Furthermore, the fermentation product was extracted using ethanol and determined its antioxidant capacity by DPPH damping method, total phenolate determination and phytochemical screening. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of fermentation products was higher than without fermentation. Antioxidant activity increased with length of fermentation with the value of antioxidant capacity without fermentation and with incubation for 14, 21, and 28 days respectively of 17.0; 27.3; 33.3; and 34.1 mg quercetin/gram extract. The total phenolate of fermentation products was 261; 324,3; 361; 374.3 mg of gallic acid/gram extract. Ethanol extracts of fermented and non-fermented products all contain entirely positive alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, and steroids.

scholarly journals ISOLASI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT ASAL JUS NANAS SEBAGAI KANDIDAT PROBIOTIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Cynthia Rizka Riani ◽  
◽  
Lilis Nuraida ◽  
Anja Meryandini ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Pineapple Juice ◽  
Acidic Conditions

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main group of probiotic bacteria that widely used in fruit juice fermentation products. Fruit juice contains antioxidants that can prevent free radicals. The objective of this study was to identify LAB isolated from pineapple juice that possess probiotic properties and to analyze the antioxidant activity of pineapple juice after being fermented with the LAB. LAB isolates from pineapple juice were evaluated for their probiotic properties (tolerance to acidic conditions and bile salts, antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, and sensitivity to antibiotics) and their adherence properties (autoaggregation, coaggregation, and hydrophobicity). The best isolates obtained are then inoculated into pineapple juice. From 5 types of pineapple juice, 5 isolates with LAB characteristics were obtained, i.e NHC6, NHC7, NHC8, NHC9, and NPC1. Isolate NHC6 had a good tolerance to acidic conditions (pH 2) and 0,5% bile salt, had antimicrobial activity, was sensitive to ampicillin, showed the best adherance properties and was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. L. plantarum NHC6 was then added to pineapple juice. Addition of L. plantarum NHC6 to pineapple juice reduced the ᵒBrix and pH values during incubation. After 24 hours of incubation, the antioxidant activity was 89,05%, with LAB growth of 8,33 log CFU/mL, thus 24 hours incubation was considered the best fermentation time for pineapple juice.

Effectiveness of Brushing Associated with Oral Irrigation in Maintenance of Peri-Implant Tissues and Overdentures: Clinical Parameters and Patient Satisfaction.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Moreira Salles ◽  
Viviane de Cássia Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Macedo ◽  
Claudia Helena Silva-Lovato ◽  
Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

Implant-supported prostheses hygiene and peri-implant tissues health are considered to be predictive factors for successful prosthetic rehabilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of brushing associated with oral irrigation measured as biofilm-removing capacity, maintenance of healthy oral tissues, and patient satisfaction. A randomized, crossover clinical trial was conducted with 38 patients who wore conventional maxillary complete dentures and mandibular overdentures retained by the O-ring system. The patients were instructed to use the following hygiene methods for 14 days: mechanical brushing [MB (brush and dentifrice - Control)]; and MB with oral irrigation [WP (Waterpik - Experimental)]. Biofilm-removing capacity and maintenance of healthy oral tissues were evaluated by the Modified Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), and Bleeding on Probing Index (BP) recorded at baseline and after each method. In parallel, patients answered a specific questionnaire using a Visual Analogue Scale after each hygiene method. Data were analyzed by Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). The results showed significantly lower PI, GI, PD, and BP indices after application of the hygiene methods (P<0.001) than those observed at baseline. However, no significant difference was found between MB and WP. The satisfaction questionnaire responses to both methods showed high mean values for all questions, with no statistically significant difference found between the answers given after the use of MB and WP (P>0.05). The findings suggest that WP was effective in reducing PI, GI, PD, and BP indices and provided a high level of patient satisfaction.

REALIZATION OF PARENTAL INDICES OF COW PRODUCTIVITY IN DIFFERENT MILKING BREEDS AT BREEDING FARM "AGROFIRMA "PAKHMA"

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Production Indices ◽  
High Level ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin ◽  
Percentage Protein

Combination of genotypes of main types’ genetic markers causes milk productivity in cattle. The article studies correlation between kappa casein genotypes (C3N3), beta-lactoglobulin (LGB), their complexes and milk production indices in cows bred under equal conditions at a breeding farm. The calculation of parental milk yield and fat indices between the three breeds showed a significant difference (P>0,999) of PCI of Ayrshire and Holstein cattle breed milk yield - 3395 kg, PCI of fat - 0,22%; between Holstein and Yaroslavl cattle breeds - 3200 kg, PCI offat - 0,16%. A significant difference of realization indices of protein between all three breeds was not stated. The highest realization ofparental milk yield index was stated - between Ayrshire and Yaroslavl cattle breeds- 113%, Holstein cattle breed - 88%. As for the fat and protein indices, all three cattle breeds showed a high realization of PCI from 98% to 109%. However, Holstein cattle breed showed the highest percentage: protein - 101%, fat - 109%. A significant difference of PCI realization of milk productivity in CSN3 and LGB genotypes was not stated. It was also stated that there is a tendency of high level parental indices realization when there is a higher number of B-allele variants in genotypes of cows.

Using Histological and Chemical Methods for Detection of Unauthorized Tissues Addition in Emulsion Type Meat Product

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reliable Methods

Total twenty different processed meat plant producing emulsion type sausage were histologically and chemically examined for detection of adulteration with unauthorized tissues. Results revealed that samples were adulterated with different types of animal tissues included; hyaline cartilage, tendon, spongy bone, peripheral nerve trunk, basophilic matrix, lymphatic tissue, fascia, fibrocartilage and vascular tissue. Moreover, these samples were adulterated Also, adulterated with plant tissue included; plant stem, leaves and root. Chemical analysis showed a significant difference in their chemical composition (moisture, fat, protein, ash and calcium) content. Moisture and fat content varied around the permissible limit of E.S.S. while low protein, high ash and calcium content was detected in the examined samples. Therefore, Histological and chemical examinations can be used as reliable methods to detect adultration using unauthorized addition of both animal and plant tissues in processed meat product samples which revealed a high level of falsification.

Exploring The Effect of Visual Information Degradation on Human Perception and Performance In A Human-Telerobot System

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307
Author(s):  
Richard Stone ◽  
Minglu Wang ◽  
Thomas Schnieders ◽  
Esraa Abdelall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Human-robotic interaction system are increasingly becoming integrated into industrial, commercial and emergency service agencies. It is critical that human operators understand and trust automation when these systems support and even make important decisions. The following study focused on human-in-loop telerobotic system performing a reconnaissance operation. Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups based on level of automation (Low-Level Automation (LLA), and High-Level Automation (HLA)). Results indicated a significant difference between low and high word level of control in hit rate when permanent error occurred. In the LLA group, the type of error had a significant effect on the hit rate. In general, the high level of automation was better than the low level of automation, especially if it was more reliable, suggesting that subjects in the HLA group could rely on the automatic implementation to perform the task more effectively and more accurately.

scholarly journals Biochemical and molecular characterization of Alternaria alternata isolates highly resistant to procymidone from broccoli and cabbage

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingran Wang ◽  
Tiancheng Lou ◽  
Lingling Wei ◽  
Wenchan Chen ◽  
Longbing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Blights ◽  
High Level

AbstractAlternaria alternata, a causal agent of leaf blights and spots on a wide range of hosts, has a high risk of developing resistance to fungicides. Procymidone, a dicarboximide fungicide (DCF), has been widely used in controlling Alternaria leaf blights in China for decades. However, the resistance of A. alternata against DCFs has rarely been reported from crucifer plants. A total of 198 A. alternata isolates were collected from commercial fields of broccoli and cabbage during 2018–2019, and their sensitivities to procymidone were determined. Biochemical and molecular characteristics were subsequently compared between the high-level procymidone-resistant (ProHR) and procymidone-sensitive (ProS) isolates, and also between ProHR isolates from broccoli and cabbage. Compared with ProS isolates, the mycelial growth rate, sporulation capacity and virulence of most ProHR isolates were reduced; ProHR isolates displayed an increased sensitivity to osmotic stresses and a reduced sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); all ProHR isolates showed a reduced sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) except for the isolate B102. Correlation analysis revealed a positive cross-resistance between procymidone and iprodione, or fludioxonil. When treated with 10 μg/mL of procymidone, both mycelial intracellular glycerol accumulations (MIGAs) and relative expression of AaHK1 in ProS isolates were higher than those in ProHR isolates. Sequence alignment of AaHK1 from ten ProHR isolates demonstrated that five of them possessed a single-point mutation (P94A, V612L, E708K or Q924STOP), and four isolates had an insertion or a deletion in their coding regions. No significant difference in biochemical characteristics was observed among ProHR isolates from two different hosts, though mutations in AaHK1 of the cabbage-originated ProHR isolates were distinct from those of the broccoli-originated ProHR isolates.

scholarly journals Real-Time High-Level Acute Pain Detection Using a Smartphone and a Wrist-Worn Electrodermal Activity Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3956
Author(s):  
Youngsun Kong ◽  
Hugo F. Posada-Quintero ◽  
Ki H. Chon
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Pain Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrical Pulses ◽  
Pain Detection ◽  
High Level

The subjectiveness of pain can lead to inaccurate prescribing of pain medication, which can exacerbate drug addiction and overdose. Given that pain is often experienced in patients’ homes, there is an urgent need for ambulatory devices that can quantify pain in real-time. We implemented three time- and frequency-domain electrodermal activity (EDA) indices in our smartphone application that collects EDA signals using a wrist-worn device. We then evaluated our computational algorithms using thermal grill data from ten subjects. The thermal grill delivered a level of pain that was calibrated for each subject to be 8 out of 10 on a visual analog scale (VAS). Furthermore, we simulated the real-time processing of the smartphone application using a dataset pre-collected from another group of fifteen subjects who underwent pain stimulation using electrical pulses, which elicited a VAS pain score level 7 out of 10. All EDA features showed significant difference between painless and pain segments, termed for the 5-s segments before and after each pain stimulus. Random forest showed the highest accuracy in detecting pain, 81.5%, with 78.9% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation approach. Our results show the potential of a smartphone application to provide near real-time objective pain detection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document