scholarly journals Effect of solar activity on electromagnetic fields and seismicity of the Earth

2021 ◽  
Vol 929 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
N.T. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
The Earth

Abstract It is shown that bursts of intensity of ionizing electromagnetic radiation from the Sun, as well as geomagnetic storms, cause a statistically significant decrease in the total number of earthquakes on Earth. After bursts of ionizing radiation from the Sun, a statistically significant decrease in the total energy of earthquakes occurs, and after geomagnetic storms, its increase is observed. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of the strongest earthquakes with MS > 7 after geomagnetic storms and a decrease in the number of such earthquakes after bursts of ionizing electromagnetic radiation from the Sun. During geomagnetic storms and for several days after them, the probability of occurrence of strong earthquakes increases more than two times, and after bursts of ionizing electromagnetic radiation from the Sun, this probability decreases almost twice.

Influence of supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, solar flares, and cosmic rays on the terrestrial environment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Dar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Threat To Life

Changes in the solar neighbourhood due to the motion of the sun in the Galaxy, solar evolution, and Galactic stellar evolution influence the terrestrial environment and expose life on the Earth to cosmic hazards. Such cosmic hazards include impact of near-Earth objects (NEOs), global climatic changes due to variations in solar activity and exposure of the Earth to very large fluxes of radiations and cosmic rays from Galactic supernova (SN) explosions and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Such cosmic hazards are of low probability, but their influence on the terrestrial environment and their catastrophic consequences, as evident from geological records, justify their detailed study, and the development of rational strategies, which may minimize their threat to life and to the survival of the human race on this planet. In this chapter I shall concentrate on threats to life from increased levels of radiation and cosmic ray (CR) flux that reach the atmosphere as a result of (1) changes in solar luminosity, (2) changes in the solar environment owing to the motion of the sun around the Galactic centre and in particular, owing to its passage through the spiral arms of the Galaxy, (3) the oscillatory displacement of the solar system perpendicular to the Galactic plane, (4) solar activity, (5) Galactic SN explosions, (6) GRBs, and (7) cosmic ray bursts (CRBs). The credibility of various cosmic threats will be tested by examining whether such events could have caused some of the major mass extinctions that took place on planet Earth and were documented relatively well in the geological records of the past 500 million years (Myr). A credible claim of a global threat to life from a change in global irradiation must first demonstrate that the anticipated change is larger than the periodical changes in irradiation caused by the motions of the Earth, to which terrestrial life has adjusted itself. Most of the energy of the sun is radiated in the visible range. The atmosphere is highly transparent to this visible light but is very opaque to almost all other bands of the electromagnetic spectrum except radio waves, whose production by the sun is rather small.

scholarly journals The east-west asymmetry in Coronal Mass Ejections: evidence for active longitudes

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 3139-3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skirgiello
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Solar Rotation ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Orbital Revolution ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
East West

Abstract. Various manifestations of solar activity are not uniformly distributed with heliographic longitude. By using east-west asymmetry in the occurrence rate of CMEs (coronal mass ejections), the longitudinal dependence in SOHO LASCO 1996-2004 data has been studied in this work. The solar rotation periodicity has been found, indicating the presence of active longitudes, whose phase is reversed twice during the studied period. It is more prominent in the Southern Hemisphere. The east-west asymmetry is also present when calculated for longer time periods. Sometimes (particularly during low solar activity), there is an alternation of the eastern and western domination every six months. Taking into account the orbital revolution of the Earth about the Sun, this indicates the existence of enhanced activity, fixed in space (not undergoing Carrington rotation). Moreover, there is about a 3.7% overall excess of western events, lasting for the entire reported time, suggesting some bias in the observations. A hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is proposed.

MAGNETIC CLOUDS: A SUBJECT OF SPACE WEATHER PREDICTION

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6650-6653
Author(s):  
A. GERANIOS ◽  
M. VANDAS ◽  
E. ANTONIADOU ◽  
O. ZACHAROPOULOU
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Interplanetary Medium ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Magnetic Clouds ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Earth

Magnetic clouds are ideal objects for solar-terrestrial studies because of their simplicity and their extended time intervals of southward and northward magnetic fields. Magnetic clouds constitute a significant subset of coronal mass ejections with remarkable characteristics in the interplanetary medium and a strong influence on the Earth's magnetosphere, giving rise to geomagnetic storms. The evolution of such a cloud from the neighborhood of the Sun up to the Earth is numerically simulated for two cases, without and with a presence of a faster moving shock front. Its influence on the magnetosphere can be seen by the triggered geomagnetic storm. Therefore, magnetic clouds are an important subject for space weather predictions.

scholarly journals Geomagnetic Kp Index and Planetary Magnetosphere Size Relationship: for Mercury and Jupiter During two Types of Geomagnetic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 0806
Author(s):  
Mays M. Al-Gbory ◽  
Najat Mohamed Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Weak Magnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Planetary Surface ◽  
Surface Magnetic Field ◽  
The Many

     Kp index correlates with the many magnetosphere properties, which are used to measure the level of magnetic activity. In the solar system, the two different planets, Mercury with weak magnetic field and Jupiter with strong magnetic field, are selected for this study to calculate the planet's magnetosphere radius (RMP) which represents the size of magnetosphere compared with solar activity through Kp index,  through two types of geomagnetic conditions; quiet and strong for the period (2016-2018). From the results, we found that there are reversible relations between them during strong geomagnetic storms, while there are direct relations during quiet geomagnetic conditions. Also it is found that there is a reduction in the size of magnetosphere during the strong geomagnetic storms as compared to the magnetosphere size during geomagnetic quiet conditions for the two planets: Mercury and Jupiter. We can conclude from these results that the relation between storm type and magnetosphere size is independent of the strength of planetary surface magnetic field and their distance from the Sun.

scholarly journals Solar and stellar flares and their impact on planets

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (S320) ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Kazunari Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Slow Rotation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Stellar Flare ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Stellar Flares

AbstractRecent observations of the Sun revealed that the solar atmosphere is full of flares and flare-like phenomena, which affect terrestrial environment and our civilization. It has been established that flares are caused by the release of magnetic energy through magnetic reconnection. Many stars show flares similar to solar flares, and such stellar flares especially in stars with fast rotation are much more energetic than solar flares. These are called superflares. The total energy of a solar flare is 1029 − 1032 erg, while that of a superflare is 1033 − 1038 erg. Recently, it was found that superflares (with 1034 − 1035 erg) occur on Sun-like stars with slow rotation with frequency once in 800 - 5000 years. This suggests the possibility of superflares on the Sun. We review recent development of solar and stellar flare research, and briefly discuss possible impacts of superflares on the Earth and exoplanets.

scholarly journals Recent and Historical Solar Proton Events

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Shea ◽  
D. F. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Solar Proton Event ◽  
Proton Event ◽  
Event Data ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Proton Events

A study of the solar proton event data between 1954 and 1986 indicates that the large fluence events at the Earth are usually associated with a sequence of solar activity and related geomagnetic storms. This association appears to be useful to infer the occurrence of major fluence proton events extending back to 1934, albeit in a non-homogeneous manner. We discuss the possibility of identifying major solar proton events prior to 1934, using geomagnetic records as a proxy.

Characteristics of source location and solar cycle distribution of the strong solar proton events (≥ 1000 pfu) from 1976 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Ming Le ◽  
Ming-Xian Zhao ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Gui-Ang Liu ◽  
Tian Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Proton Events ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

Abstract We studied the source locations and solar cycle distribution of strong solar proton events (≥ 1000 pfu) measured at the Earth from 1976 to 2018. There were 43 strong solar proton events (SPEs) during this period. 27.9 per cent of the strong SPEs were ground level enhancement (GLE) events. We detect more strong SPEs coming from the western hemisphere. The strong SPEs were distributed in the region of [E90-W90], extreme SPEs (≥10000 pfu) appeared within the longitudinal area from E30 to W75, while the SPEs with peak fluxes ≥ 20000 pfu concentrated in the range from E30 to W30 and were always accompanied by super geomagnetic storms (Dst ≤−250 nT). The northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun have 23 and 20 strong SPEs, respectively. The ranges S0–S19 and N0–N19 have 13 and 11 strong SPEs, respectively. S20–S45 and N20–N45 have 7 and 12 strong SPEs, respectively, indicating that the N-S asymmetry of strong SPEs mainly occurred in the areas with a latitude greater than 20○ of the two hemispheres of the Sun. The statistical results showed that 48.8 per cent, 51.2 per cent, and 76.7 per cent of the strong SPEs appeared during the rising phase, declining phase, and in the period from two years before to the three years after the solar maximum, respectively. The number of strong SPEs during a solar cycle has a poor correlation with the solar cycle size.

scholarly journals On the nonlinear and Solar-forced nature of the Chandler wobble in the Earth's pole motion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry M. Sonechkin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Harmonic Oscillation ◽  
Chandler Wobble ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Activity Index ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

Abstract. About 250 years ago L. Euler has derived a system of three quadratic-nonlinear differential equations to depict the rotation of the Earth as a rigid body. Neglecting a small distinction between the equatorial inertia moments, he reduced this system to much simpler linear one, and concluded that the Earth's pole must experience a harmonic oscillation of the 304-day period. Astronomers could not find this oscillation, but instead, S.C Chandler has found two powerful wobbles with the 12- and ~ 14-month periods in reality. Adhering to the Euler's linearization, astronomers can not explain the nature of the later wobble up to now. I indicate that the neglect by the above small distinction (“a small parameter” of the Euler's primary nonlinear equations) is not admissible because the effect of this parameter is singular. Analysing the primary equations by an asymptotic technique, I demonstrate that the Chandler wobble tones are formed from combinational harmonics of the Euler's 304-day oscillation, long-term Luni-Solar tides as well as the 22-year cycle of the heliomagnetic activity. Correlating simultaneous variations of the wobble and a solar activity index, I corroborate that the Chandler wobble is really affected by the Sun.

scholarly journals Short-term variation of the Earth's rotation and the solar activity

1988 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Djurovic ◽  
P. Paquet
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Earth Rotation ◽  
Cyclic Variation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Term Variation

In 1980, Feissel et al. identified a quasi–cyclic variation of 55 days in the irregularities of the Earth Rotation (ER) later detected in the Atmospheric Angular Momentum (AAM) (Langley et al., 1981). The purpose of this work is to analyse whether the causes of this cycle could lie in the physical processes of the Sun. The Wolf Numbers (WN) are used as parameters of the solar activity. Their spectral analysis over the period 1967–1985 shows such a component at 51 days. Analysis of three other periods, among which is the MERIT campaign, confirms it as well as during low or increasing solar activity periods.

scholarly journals The History of Activity of the Sun and its Rotational Period on the ZAMS

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 288-293
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Emission Flux ◽  
Rotational Period ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe rotation period of the Sun after it reached ZAMS is estimated from the present rotation rate, average X-ray emission flux and average calcium emission flux. Taking into account all existing uncertainties it is concluded that this initial period was within the range 1–9 days, with the most probable value 2–3 days. Possible influence of the solar activity on evolution of life on the Earth is briefly discussed.

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