Antimicrobial Activity of Phenyllactic Acid AgainstEnterococcus faecalisand Its Effect on Cell Membrane

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengting Wang ◽  
Haihong Wu ◽  
Panpan Jin ◽  
Zhilan Sun ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Phenyllactic Acid

scholarly journals Insights into the Mode of Action of Chitosan as an Antibacterial Compound

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 3764-3773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Raafat ◽  
Kristine von Bargen ◽  
Albert Haas ◽  
Hans-Georg Sahl
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Chitosan is a polysaccharide biopolymer that combines a unique set of versatile physicochemical and biological characteristics which allow for a wide range of applications. Although its antimicrobial activity is well documented, its mode of action has hitherto remained only vaguely defined. In this work we investigated the antimicrobial mode of action of chitosan using a combination of approaches, including in vitro assays, killing kinetics, cellular leakage measurements, membrane potential estimations, and electron microscopy, in addition to transcriptional response analysis. Chitosan, whose antimicrobial activity was influenced by several factors, exhibited a dose-dependent growth-inhibitory effect. A simultaneous permeabilization of the cell membrane to small cellular components, coupled to a significant membrane depolarization, was detected. A concomitant interference with cell wall biosynthesis was not observed. Chitosan treatment of Staphylococcus simulans 22 cells did not give rise to cell wall lysis; the cell membrane also remained intact. Analysis of transcriptional response data revealed that chitosan treatment leads to multiple changes in the expression profiles of Staphylococcus aureus SG511 genes involved in the regulation of stress and autolysis, as well as genes associated with energy metabolism. Finally, a possible mechanism for chitosan's activity is postulated. Although we contend that there might not be a single classical target that would explain chitosan's antimicrobial action, we speculate that binding of chitosan to teichoic acids, coupled with a potential extraction of membrane lipids (predominantly lipoteichoic acid) results in a sequence of events, ultimately leading to bacterial death.

scholarly journals Enhancement of antibiotics antimicrobial activity due to the silver nanoparticles impact on the cell membrane

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0224904 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vazquez-Muñoz ◽  
A. Meza-Villezcas ◽  
P. G. J. Fournier ◽  
E. Soria-Castro ◽  
K. Juarez-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Membrane

Antimicrobial activity of selected lactic acid cocci and production of organic acids

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Hladíková ◽  
Jana Smetanková ◽  
Gabriel Greif ◽  
Mária Greifová
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Penicillium Funiculosum ◽  
Phenyllactic Acid ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms

Antimicrobial activity of selected lactic acid cocci and production of organic acidsAntimicrobial activity and production of organic acids by selected lactic acid bacteria were monitored in this study. The largest antimicrobial activity against indicator microorganisms showed Pediococcus sp. G5, whereasStreptococcus thermophilushad no inhibitory effect. The inhibitory effect ofPediococcussp. G5 was strongest againstBacillus subtilis(17.78 %). Lactococci inhibited the growth ofEscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureus(% of inhibition ≤ 5.25). The growth ofAsperglillus flavus, Penicillium funiculosumandRhizopus oryzaewas not inhibited by all of tested cocci. Cocci produced varying quantities of organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, etc.). Lactic acid was in large amounts and phenyllactic acid was produced only byPediococcussp. G5 (49.65 mg/L).

Antimicrobial Effects of 7,8-Dihydroxy-6-Methoxycoumarin and 7-Hydroxy-6-Methoxycoumarin Analogues against Foodborne Pathogens and the Antimicrobial Mechanisms Associated with Membrane Permeability

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1784-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon Yang ◽  
Jun-Hwan Park ◽  
Myung-Ji Lee ◽  
Ji-Hoon Lee ◽  
Hoi-Seon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Structural Analogues

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial effects of 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin and 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin isolated from Fraxinus rhynchophylla bark and of their structural analogues were determined in an attempt to develop natural antimicrobial agents against the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus intermedius, and Listeria monocytogenes. To elucidate the relationship between structure and antimicrobial activity for the coumarin analogues, isolated constituents and their structural analogues were evaluated against foodborne pathogens. Based on the culture plate inhibition zones and MICs, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin, 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin, and 7-methoxycoumarin, containing a methoxy functional group on the coumarin skeleton, had the notable antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens. However, 7-hydroxycoumarin and 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, which contained a hydroxyl functional group on the coumarin skeleton, had no antimicrobial activity against these pathogens. An increase in cell membrane permeability was confirmed by electron microscopy observations, and release of extracellular ATP and cell constituents followed treatment with the ethyl acetate fraction of F. rhynchophylla extract. These findings indicate that F. rhynchophylla extract and coumarin analogues have potential for use as antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens and that the antimicrobial mechanisms are associated with the loss of cell membrane integrity.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Microbicidal Action of E-101 Solution, a Myeloperoxidase-Mediated Antimicrobial, and Its Oxidative Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Denys ◽  
Neil C. Devoe ◽  
Polyxeni Gudis ◽  
Meghan May ◽  
Robert C. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protection Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbicidal Activity ◽  
Oxidative Products

ABSTRACTE-101 solution is a first-in-class myeloperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial developed for topical application. It is composed of porcine myeloperoxidase (pMPO), glucose oxidase (GO), glucose, sodium chloride, and specific amino acids in an aqueous solution. Once activated, the reactive species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid, and singlet oxygen are generated. We evaluated the treatment effects of E-101 solution and its oxidative products on ultrastructure changes and microbicidal activity against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) andEscherichia coli. Time-kill and transmission electron microscopy studies were also performed using formulations with pMPO or GO omitted. The glutathione membrane protection assay was used to study the neutralization of reactive oxygen species. The potency of E-101 solution was also measured in the presence of serum and whole blood by MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) determinations. E-101 solution demonstrated rapid bactericidal activity and ultracellular changes in MRSA andE. colicells. When pMPO was omitted, high levels of H2O2generated from GO and glucose demonstrated slow microbicidal activity with minimal cellular damage. When GO was omitted from the formulation, no antimicrobial activity or cellular damage was observed. Protection from exposure to E-101 solution reactive oxygen species in the glutathione protection assay was competitive and temporary. E-101 solution maintained its antimicrobial activity in the presence of inhibitory substances, such as serum and whole blood. E-101 solution is a potent myeloperoxidase enzyme system with multiple oxidative mechanisms of action. Our findings suggest that the primary site where E-101 solution exerts microbicidal action is the cell membrane, by inactivation of essential cell membrane components.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Microbicidal Action of E-101 Solution, a Myeloperoxidase-Mediated Antimicrobial, and its Oxidative Products

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Denys ◽  
Neil C. Devoe ◽  
P. Gudis ◽  
M. May ◽  
R.C. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protection Assay ◽  
Microbicidal Activity ◽  
Oxidative Products

ABSTRACTE-101 Solution is a first in class myeloperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial developed for topical application. It is composed of porcine myeloperoxidase (pMPO), glucose oxidase (GO), glucose, sodium chloride, and specific amino acids in an aqueous vehicle. Once activated, the reactive species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid and singlet oxygen are generated. We evaluated the treatment effects of E-101 solution and its oxidative products on ultrastucture changes and microbicidal activity against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) andEscherichia coli. Time kill and transmission electron microscopy studies were performed using formulations with pMPO or GO omitted. The glutathione membrane protection assay was used to study the neutralization of reactive oxygen species. The potency of E-101 solution was also measured in the presence of serum and whole blood by MIC and MBC determinations. E-101 solution demonstrated rapid bactericidal activity and ultracellular changes in MRSA andE. colicells. When pMPO was omitted, high levels of H2O2generated from GO and glucose demonstrated slow microbicidal activity with minimal cellular damage. When GO was omitted from the formulation no antimicrobial activity or cellular damage was observed. Protection from exposure to E-101 solution reactive oxygen species in the glutathione protection assay was competitive and temporary. E-101 solution maintained its antimicrobial activity in the presence of inhibitory substances such as serum and whole blood. E-101 solution is a potent myeloperoxidase enzyme system with multiple oxidative mechanisms of action. Our findings suggest the primary site that E-101solution exerts microbicidal action is the cell membrane by inactivation of essential cell membrane components.

Antimicrobial activity of syringic acid against Cronobacter sakazakii and its effect on cell membrane

2016 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Shi ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Zhiwei Zheng ◽  
Xiaorong Zhang ◽  
Kaikuo Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Cronobacter Sakazakii

Antibacterial Activity of Phenyllactic acid Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Its Microbial Production: Modelling and Optimization-Based Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxiong Ye ◽  
Yuxian Chen ◽  
Guanxuan Peng ◽  
Xinwei Yang ◽  
Jianzhong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Phenyllactic Acid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modelling And Optimization ◽  
Production Modelling

Abstract Phenyllactic acid (PLA), an organic acid with extensive antimicrobial activity, is considered as a promising natural preservative to replace chemical preservatives. In order to study the inhibitory pattern of PLA, this paper established a novel mathematical model for the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis under PLA inhibition. The simulated results showed that the relationship between the antimicrobial activity of PLA against S. epidermidis and its concentration was suitable to be represented by an exponential function. Based on the proposed model, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of PLA against S. epidermidis were evaluated. The computed results were found to match experimental data. The MBC value was found to be independent of the initial biomass of S. epidermidis from both the simulated results and experimental data, revealing that PLA was not consumed while killing the bacteria. Another kinetic model was established to describe the production of PLA by the engineered Escherichia coli. This model was then used to calculate the minimum biomass of E. coli to produce the MBC of PLA. The proposed models help to understand the inhibitory pattern of PLA, serving as a theoretical guide for the selection an appropriate strain to improve the product shelf-life.

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