Multicultural Sport Psychology’s Consulting Role in the United States Activist–Athlete Movement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. David ◽  
Jesse A. Steinfeldt ◽  
I. S. Keino Miller ◽  
Jacqueline E. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
African Americans ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Social Action ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
Racial Injustice

Multiculturalism is a broad term that encapsulates a number of idealistic constructs related to inclusion, understanding the diverse experiences of others, and creating equitable access to resources and opportunity in our society. Social justice activism is a core tenet of multiculturalism. In order to be optimally effective, multiculturalism needs to be an “action word” rather than a passive construct, one that is inextricably linked to the ability to commit to and engage in an agenda of social justice wherein the inclusive ideals of multiculturalism are actively sought out and fought for. One such domain where the constructs of multiculturalism and social action are playing out in real time is within U.S. sport. U.S. athletes across all ranks (i.e., Olympic, professional, college, and youth sports) are actively engaging in social justice activism by using their platforms to advocate for equality and human rights. A recent display of activism that has garnered worldwide attention was the silent protest of former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick. During the National Football League (NFL) preseason games of the 2016 season, Kaepernick began kneeling during the playing of the U.S. national anthem as a means to protest racial injustice, police brutality, and the killing of African Americans. Since the start of his protest, athletes around the nation and the world have joined the activist–athlete movement, thereby raising awareness of the mistreatment of African Americans within U.S. society. The activist–athlete movement has amassed support and generated momentum, but consulting sport psychology professionals can adopt a more active role to better support athletes, thereby advancing the movement. Consulting sport psychologists can strive to better understand the nature of athlete-activism and aspire to help their athlete clients explore and express their opinions so they can work to effect meaningful societal change, using sport as the vehicle for their message.

Religion, Race, and Humanism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony B. Pinn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Richard Wright ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unitarian Universalist ◽  
Racial Injustice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lorraine Hansberry

This chapter explores the history of humanism within African American communities. It positions humanist thinking and humanism-inspired activism as a significant way in which people of African descent in the United States have addressed issues of racial injustice. Beginning with critiques of theism found within the blues, moving through developments such as the literature produced by Richard Wright, Lorraine Hansberry, and others, to political activists such as W. E. B. DuBois and A. Philip Randolph, to organized humanism in the form of African American involvement in the Unitarian Universalist Association, African Americans for Humanism, and so on, this chapter presents the historical and institutional development of African American humanism.

The Social Impact of Sport

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-121
Author(s):  
Joseph Cornelius Spears, Jr. ◽  
Sean T. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
International Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social

The COVID-19 pandemic assumed an international health threat, and in turn, spotlighted the distinct disparities in civil rights, opportunity, and inclusion witnessed by lived experiences of African Americans. Although these harsh disparities have existed through the United States of America's history, the age of technology and mass media in the 21st century allows for a deeper and broader look into the violation of African Americans civil liberties in virtual real time. Also, historically, the sports world has been instrumental in fighting for the civil rights of African Americans; athletes such as Jesse Owens and Muhammed Ali led by example. This chapter will showcase how the sports world continues to support social justice overall and specifically during this international pandemic. The authors will examine contemporary events like the transition in support for Colin Kaepernick's protest against police brutality and the NBA play-off (Bubble) protest in 2020.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-220
Author(s):  
Taylor Nygaard ◽  
Jorie Lagerwey
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
National Football League ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Football ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
White People ◽  
Cultural Discourses ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk

Because so much of the book focuses on niche-marketed programming or shows with a very specific politicized, classed, and racialized address, in summing up the arguments and impacts of this precarious whiteness, the conclusion offers a mass-market counterpoint to some of the relatively obscure programs discussed in the rest of the book. This chapter analyzes racial protests in US sports leagues, primarily the national anthem protests in the National Football League spearheaded by the former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick. The NFL is the most-watched programming in the United States, and similar TV industrial shifts to those described earlier in the book have spurred the league and platforms with television rights to the games to push American football into the UK market as well. This chapter returns for a final time to the historical conjuncture of recession, changing TV technologies and business practices, and the heightened visibility of racial and gender inequality to think through what happens beyond the tiny target audiences of Horrible White People shows as the cycle draws to an end and to insist that the cultural discourses of white supremacy that feed Horrible White People shows are visible everywhere.

Responsible Church Leaders Should Be Educating Their Congregations About Racism and Serving the Community Concerning the Black Lives Matter movement.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Darrell Norman Burrell ◽  
Rajanique L. Modeste ◽  
Aikyna Finch
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Profiling ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Current Event ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
God's Love ◽  
Racial Injustice

As our society wrestles with systemic racism, it is imperative that houses of prayer undergo the same reflection. African-Americans have been disappointed with majority Caucasian congregation church leaders who have the capacity to change minds and attitudes during this time of national reckoning over race but are not engaging their worshipers with honest educational conversations about social justice, race, and police brutality. Black lives matter. This is an obvious truth considering God's love for all God's children. When Black lives are systemically devalued by society, our outrage justifiably insists that attention be focused on Black lives. When a church claims boldly “Black Lives Matter” and attempts to educate their churchgoers about the societal and subtle ills of racial profiling, microaggressions, and privilege at this moment, it chooses not to be silent about a racial injustice for those in need. The paper explores the importance of this topic through current event literature.

United We Stand, Divided We Kneel: Examining Perceptions of the NFL Anthem Protest on Organizational Reputation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 591-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Identity ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
National Football League ◽  
The United States ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
Organizational Reputation ◽  
The Relationship

During a 2016 National Football League (NFL) preseason game, former San Francisco 49er quarterback, Colin Kaepernick sat during the playing of the national anthem in protest of police brutality. His actions prompted national outrage: ultimately calling into question his national identity and patriotism towards the United States. The anthem protest continued throughout the 2016 and through the 2017 season. Consequently, the NFL decided to implement a national anthem policy to discipline players who continued to protest. Thus, this study examined individuals’ perceptions of the NFL’s crisis responsibility in handling the anthem protest and how it affected their reputation. Further, this study examined national identity and patriotism as mediators between crisis responsibility and organizational reputation. Results indicated that national identity did not serve as a mediator and that only one level of patriotism mediated the relationship. A discussion was also forwarded.

scholarly journals “Very much alive and very much under threat”: Chasing the Coffee-Flavored American Dream in Dave Eggers’s Monk of Mokha

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Raluca Andreescu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
American Dream ◽  
The United States ◽  
Literary Nonfiction ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Consumption

Abstract This essay examines the manner in which Dave Eggers’s recent work of literary nonfiction, The Monk of Mokha (2018), sets out to amplify the voices of the marginalized by chronicling the adventures of a young Yemeni-American in search of the best coffee in the world. This takes the protagonist from the infamous neighborhood of his birth in San Francisco, “a valley of desperation in a city of towering wealth,” to his trials and tribulations in the war-torn homeland of Yemen. I will argue that the narrative, which blurs the lines between fiction and nonfiction and combines history, politics, biography and thriller, highlights the American entrepreneurial zeal and contagious exuberance which still feed the immigrant American Dream and proves that social mobility in the United States is still attainable, sometimes as a result of chasing the world’s most dangerous cup of coffee. Moreover, I argue that the protagonist’s endeavor can be read within the larger context of contemporary political consumption as an example of social justice activism and ethics-driven buying.

Sporting dissent: Colin Kaepernick, NFL activism, and media framing contests

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 829-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Boykoff ◽  
Ben Carrington
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
Political Statement ◽  
Racial Injustice ◽  
The Usa

In August 2016, Colin Kaepernick, a quarterback on the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League, sat in protest during the national anthem. He made it clear that his stance was a political statement against racialized oppression and police brutality carried out against people of color in the USA, and in doing so he became a polarizing cultural figure. This article uses content analysis to examine newspaper coverage of the emergence and evolution of Kaepernick’s political activism over a critical two-year period, from August 2016 through August 2018. First, we identify the dominant frames that media adopted when covering his protests and their aftermath. Then we examine who got to speak in the articles: which sources tended to predominate and how did this inflect the principal frames? Finally, we explore whether Kaepernick’s activism deepened discussions over police brutality against African Americans or racial inequality in the USA. We conclude that the print media’s coverage was largely favorable to Kaepernick even as much of the coverage reduced the protest from being about racial injustice in the USA to being framed, reductively, as an “anthem protest.”

African American Activism: The Predictive Role of Race Related Stress, Racial Identity, and Social Justice Beliefs

2021 ◽  
pp. 009579842098466
Author(s):  
N. T. Krueger ◽  
R. Garba ◽  
S. Stone-Sabali ◽  
K. O. Cokley ◽  
M. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
African American ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
African Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Identity Attitudes ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Race Related Stress

Historically, African American activism has played a pivotal role in advancing social change in the United States. As such, there is an interest in examining possible factors that may engender activism among African Americans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to extend research by Szymanski and Lewis (2015), which explored potential predictors of activism among African Americans. With a sample of 458 African American undergraduates, race-related stress, racial identity dimensions, and social justice variables were examined. A four-stage, multiple linear hierarchical regression model and two multiple mediation bootstrap analyses were employed. Race-related stress and racial identity attitudes significantly and uniquely predicted involvement in African American activism, complementing existing literature. Beyond that, social justice beliefs predicted African American activism over and above racial identity and race-related stress. More specifically, social justice subjective norms (i.e., social influence) was the most important predictor of activism for African American undergraduates. Implications for social justice development within institutions of higher education are discussed.

Social Work, Criminal Justice, and the Death Penalty

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Advocacy ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
The Social

Social Work, Criminal Justice, and the Death Penalty aims to prepare undergraduate and graduate students to take an active role in the contemporary death penalty discourse in the United States by providing key insights from professionals who are engaged as legal, forensic, academic, and social work experts. In this textbook, contributing authors write accessibly from their own experiences and expertise in death penalty cases and related social issues from a critical, social justice, and human rights perspective—all intended to better inform the burgeoning social work and criminal justice professional. To this end, the present textbook is comprised of three sections: Criminal Justice Considerations, Sociopolitical Considerations, and Applied Social Work Considerations. Across the three sections, each chapter provides explicit implications for the social work profession in the criminal justice setting. Examples of the various roles that social work professionals can and do take up related to the death penalty, including working directly with death sentenced persons and their families; participating in mitigation work; contributing to the field of research devoted to the intersections of mental health and the criminal justice system; as clinically licensed social workers, by engaging in the critical discourse that is being had between the psychiatric and psychological professions and the legal profession when death eligibility hinges on a clinical determination; and, finally, using social advocacy and policy practice to take up the death penalty from a social justice framework.

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