scholarly journals Extraction of causal relations based on SBEL and BERT model

Database ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Shao ◽  
Haoru Li ◽  
Jinghang Gu ◽  
Longhua Qian ◽  
Guodong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Relation Extraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biomedical Text ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Biomedical Text Mining ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Extraction of causal relations between biomedical entities in the form of Biological Expression Language (BEL) poses a new challenge to the community of biomedical text mining due to the complexity of BEL statements. We propose a simplified form of BEL statements [Simplified Biological Expression Language (SBEL)] to facilitate BEL extraction and employ BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers) to improve the performance of causal relation extraction (RE). On the one hand, BEL statement extraction is transformed into the extraction of an intermediate form—SBEL statement, which is then further decomposed into two subtasks: entity RE and entity function detection. On the other hand, we use a powerful pretrained BERT model to both extract entity relations and detect entity functions, aiming to improve the performance of two subtasks. Entity relations and functions are then combined into SBEL statements and finally merged into BEL statements. Experimental results on the BioCreative-V Track 4 corpus demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance in BEL statement extraction with F1 scores of 54.8% in Stage 2 evaluation and of 30.1% in Stage 1 evaluation, respectively. Database URL: https://github.com/grapeff/SBEL_datasets

On the Causal-Doxastic Theory of the Basing Relation

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Mittag
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Basing Relation ◽  
In Virtue Of

If one is to believe that p justifiably, then one must believe p for, or because of, one's evidence or reasons in support of p. The basing relation is exactly this relation that obtains between one's belief and one's reasons for believing. Keith Allen Korcz, in a recent article published in this Journal, has argued that two conditions are each sufficient and are jointly necessary to establish basing relations between beliefs and reasons. One condition is formulated to account for basing relations that can obtain in virtue of causal relations between one's belief and reasons, and the other condition is supposed to account for basing relations which can be established independently of the instantiation of any such causal relation.

THE APPLICATION OF PETRI NETS TO WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. P. VAN DER AALST
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The One

Workflow management promises a new solution to an age-old problem: controlling, monitoring, optimizing and supporting business processes. What is new about workflow management is the explicit representation of the business process logic which allows for computerized support. This paper discusses the use of Petri nets in the context of workflow management. Petri nets are an established tool for modeling and analyzing processes. On the one hand, Petri nets can be used as a design language for the specification of complex workflows. On the other hand, Petri net theory provides for powerful analysis techniques which can be used to verify the correctness of workflow procedures. This paper introduces workflow management as an application domain for Petri nets, presents state-of-the-art results with respect to the verification of workflows, and highlights some Petri-net-based workflow tools.

Efficient reversible quantum design of sig-magnitude to two's complement converters

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9&10) ◽  
pp. 747-765
Author(s):  
F. Orts ◽  
G. Ortega ◽  
E.M. E.M. Garzon
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Binary Number ◽  
Quantum Cost ◽  
The One

Despite the great interest that the scientific community has in quantum computing, the scarcity and high cost of resources prevent to advance in this field. Specifically, qubits are very expensive to build, causing the few available quantum computers are tremendously limited in their number of qubits and delaying their progress. This work presents new reversible circuits that optimize the necessary resources for the conversion of a sign binary number into two's complement of N digits. The benefits of our work are two: on the one hand, the proposed two's complement converters are fault tolerant circuits and also are more efficient in terms of resources (essentially, quantum cost, number of qubits, and T-count) than the described in the literature. On the other hand, valuable information about available converters and, what is more, quantum adders, is summarized in tables for interested researchers. The converters have been measured using robust metrics and have been compared with the state-of-the-art circuits. The code to build them in a real quantum computer is given.

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
F. H. East
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Defence Budget ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The Aviation Group of the Ministry of Technology (formerly the Ministry of Aviation) is responsible for spending a large part of the country's defence budget, both in research and development on the one hand and production or procurement on the other. In addition, it has responsibilities in many non-defence fields, mainly, but not exclusively, in aerospace.Few developments have been carried out entirely within the Ministry's own Establishments; almost all have required continuous co-operation between the Ministry and Industry. In the past the methods of management and collaboration and the relative responsibilities of the Ministry and Industry have varied with time, with the type of equipment to be developed, with the size of the development project and so on. But over the past ten years there has been a growing awareness of the need to put some system into the complex business of translating a requirement into a specification and a specification into a product within reasonable bounds of time and cost.

Comparative Study of Graphic Representation Methods on Architectural Heritage

2015 ◽  
pp. 182-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Teodoro Garfella ◽  
María Jesús Máñez ◽  
Joaquín Ángel Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
General Public ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Graphic Representation ◽  
Digital Photogrammetry ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Documentation Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
Architectural Survey

Today there are many publications or papers related with several graphic surveys of architectural heritage carried out using a variety of both traditional and cutting edge methods. Yet, the implementation of new graphical documentation systems, such as Automated Digital Photogrammetry, has introduced a fresh approach to dealing with architectural surveys by making them more accessible to the general public and, to a certain extent, increasing their usability (Garfella, Máñez, Cabeza, & Soler, 2014). The present study aims, on the one hand, to offer an overview of architectural survey systems and, on the other hand, to evaluate the differences in the degree of precision or accuracy between the latest state-of-the-art methods and the already well-established ones. This will enable us to examine the results obtained in this experiment to look for concordances and discrepancies between them that can be helpful when using such systems to deal with tasks in the future.

scholarly journals Hume’s Fork and Mixed Mathematics

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias Slavov
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Sharp Distinction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pure Mathematics ◽  
Conservation Of Momentum ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Uniformity Principle

Abstract:Given the sharp distinction that follows from Hume’s Fork, the proper epistemic status of propositions of mixed mathematics seems to be a mystery. On the one hand, mathematical propositions concern the relation of ideas. They are intuitive and demonstratively certain. On the other hand, propositions of mixed mathematics, such as in Hume’s own example, the law of conservation of momentum, are also matter of fact propositions. They concern causal relations between species of objects, and, in this sense, they are not intuitive or demonstratively certain, but probable or provable. In this article, I argue that the epistemic status of propositions of mixed mathematics is that of matters of fact. I wish to show that their epistemic status is not a mystery. The reason for this is that the propositions of mixed mathematics are dependent on the Uniformity Principle, unlike the propositions of pure mathematics.

Review of Hill (2019): The Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese, and Chinese

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-311
Author(s):  
Giorgio (Georg) Orlandi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Historical Phonology ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Abstract The book under review serves as a significant contribution to the field of Trans-Himalayan linguistics. Designed as a vade mecum for readers with little linguistic background in these three languages, Nathan W. Hill’s work attempts, on the one hand, a systematic exploration of the shared history of Burmese, Tibetan and Chinese, and, on the other, a general introduction to the reader interested in obtaining an overall understanding of the state of the art of the historical phonology of these three languages. Whilst it is acknowledged that the book in question has the potential to be a solid contribution to the field, it is also felt that few minor issues can be also addressed.

Genetic Engineering of Disease and Pest Resistance in Plants: Present State of the Art

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 673-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Strittmatter ◽  
Dorothee Wegener
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
The One ◽  
Defence Strategies ◽  
Defence Reactions

Abstract Rapid progress in gene technology has allowed, on the one hand, insight to be gained into the complex molecular mechanisms of plant/pathogen recognition and the natural defence strategies of host plants. On the other hand, this technology can also be used for the controlled and efficient generation of genetic variability and for the identification of desirable genotypes, far beyond the possibilities of classical breeding. The first successful attempts have been made to improve resistance against pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and insects by engineering transgenic plants. The majority of these strategies were based on constitutively expressing single proteins that are either toxic to the pathogen/pest, or interfere with its reproductive cycle. More refined strategies, which are at the stage of testing, try to mimic and modify naturally-evolved defence reactions of plants and, thereby, will potentially confer a more durable resistance to a broad range of pathogens

scholarly journals Natural Language Processing in Serious Games: A state of the art.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Picca ◽  
Dominique Jaccard ◽  
Gérald Eberlé
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

In the last decades, Natural Language Processing (NLP) has obtained a high level of success. Interactions between NLP and Serious Games have started and some of them already include NLP techniques. The objectives of this paper are twofold: on the one hand, providing a simple framework to enable analysis of potential uses of NLP in Serious Games and, on the other hand, applying the NLP framework to existing Serious Games and giving an overview of the use of NLP in pedagogical Serious Games. In this paper we present 11 serious games exploiting NLP techniques. We present them systematically, according to the following structure:  first, we highlight possible uses of NLP techniques in Serious Games, second, we describe the type of NLP implemented in the each specific Serious Game and, third, we provide a link to possible purposes of use for the different actors interacting in the Serious Game.

scholarly journals Coordinated Reasoning for Cross-Lingual Knowledge Graph Alignment

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 9354-9361
Author(s):  
Kun Xu ◽  
Linfeng Song ◽  
Yansong Feng ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Dong Yu
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Alignment Algorithm ◽  
Graph Alignment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Alignment Model ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Cross Lingual

Existing entity alignment methods mainly vary on the choices of encoding the knowledge graph, but they typically use the same decoding method, which independently chooses the local optimal match for each source entity. This decoding method may not only cause the “many-to-one” problem but also neglect the coordinated nature of this task, that is, each alignment decision may highly correlate to the other decisions. In this paper, we introduce two coordinated reasoning methods, i.e., the Easy-to-Hard decoding strategy and joint entity alignment algorithm. Specifically, the Easy-to-Hard strategy first retrieves the model-confident alignments from the predicted results and then incorporates them as additional knowledge to resolve the remaining model-uncertain alignments. To achieve this, we further propose an enhanced alignment model that is built on the current state-of-the-art baseline. In addition, to address the many-to-one problem, we propose to jointly predict entity alignments so that the one-to-one constraint can be naturally incorporated into the alignment prediction. Experimental results show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance and our reasoning methods can also significantly improve existing baselines.

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