European Union Council Directive 2001/55/EC on Minimum Standards for Temporary Protection 20 July 2001

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-457
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Council ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Temporary Protection ◽  
Council Directive

Time to Activate the Temporary Protection Directive

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Ineli-Ciger
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Migration Management ◽  
Temporary Protection ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Point Action ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Implementation Package

The number of refugees and migrants arriving by sea in Europe is on the rise. According to unhcr, more than one million refugees and migrants arrived in Europe by sea in 2015, whereas more than 3700 people lost their lives while trying to reach the European shores. As a response to the migration crisis, the eu has adopted a number of policies as proposed by the European Commission in the Ten point Action Plan on Migration and the European Agenda on Migration. This was followed by adoption of the second implementation package of the Agenda and initiation of eu-Turkey Joint Action Plan on migration management. In the light of the increasing number of refugees and migrants arriving in Europe by sea, this article examines the policies adopted by the eu in 2015 to cope with the migration crisis in Europe, whether the Council Directive 2001/55/ec of 20 July 2001 on Minimum Standards for Giving Temporary Protection (Temporary Protection Directive) can be implemented to cope with the arrival of the mixed flows and the reason why this Directive can play a key role in solving the migration crisis. Through evaluation of these issues, this article argues that the Temporary Protection Directive should be part of the eu response to the migration crisis as it would provide crucial benefits to both Member States as well as persons seeking refuge in the eu.

The Limitations of the Harmonisation of Criminal Law in the European Union Protected by Articles 82(3) and 83(3) tfeu

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-334
Author(s):  
Kaie Rosin ◽  
Markus Kärner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Judicial Cooperation ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Legislative Procedure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminal Matters

Articles 82(3) and 83(3) tfeu give Member States the possibility to suspend the legislative procedure of eu criminal law. Article 82(3) allows that kind of emergency brake mechanism for the process of adopting minimum standards for harmonising rules of criminal procedure enhancing judicial cooperation in criminal matters and Article 83(3) for establishing minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions. A Member State can only use the emergency brake clause when the proposal for the directive would affect the fundamental aspects of its criminal justice system. This prerequisite deserves a closer analysis, therefore the aim of this article is to interpret the meaning of tfeu articles 82(3) and 83(3) to better understand the limitations of the harmonisation of criminal law in the European Union.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Plant Species and Communities on Coastal Cliffs: Is the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Suitable?

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Strumia ◽  
Maurizio Buonanno ◽  
Giovanna Aronne ◽  
Antonio Santo ◽  
Annalisa Santangelo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Coastal Cliffs ◽  
Technological Improvements

Cliffs are reservoirs of biodiversity; therefore, many plant species and communities of inland and coastal cliffs are protected by Council Directive 92/43/EEC (European Economic Community), and their monitoring is mandatory in European Union countries. Surveying plants on coastal cliff by traditional methods is challenging and alternatives are needed. We tested the use of a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as an alternative survey tool, gathering aerial images of cliffs at Palinuro Cape (Southern Italy). Four photo-interpreters analysed independently the derived orthomosaic and plotted data needed for the monitoring activity. Data showed to be not affected by photo-interpreters and reliable for the prescribed monitoring in the European Union (EU). Using the GIS analysis tools, we were able to: (a) recognise and map the plant species, (b) derive and measure the area of distribution on the cliff of habitat and species, and (c) count Eokochia saxicola individuals and gather quantitative data on their projected area. Quality of the images represented the main constraint, but incoming technological improvements of sensors and UAVs may overcome this problem. Overall results support the use of UAVs as an affordable and fast survey technique that can rapidly increase the number of studies on cliff habitats and improve ecological knowledge on their plant species and communities.

scholarly journals Regulacje na rzecz bezpieczeństwa dostaw i w sytuacjach kryzysowych przed i po wejściu w życie traktatu z Lizbony na przykładzie zaopatrzenia w gaz ziemny

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (54) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Beata Molo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Community ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Gas Supply

Regulations for Supply Security and in Emergency Situations Before and After the Lisbon Treaty Entry into Force Exemplified by Supply with Natural GasThe text presents selected aspects of the issue of the provision of energy supplies security in the European Union illustrated by the example gas supply before and after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. The legal frameworks oriented toward provision of gas supplies security as well as proper functioning of internal market gas in case of disruptions in gas supplies in the European Community/European Union has been discussed in the text. Among the legal acts described in the text are: Council Directive 2004/67/EC of 26 April 2004, Regulation (EU) No 994/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2010, Regulation (EU) 2017/1938 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2017. In order to provide energy supplies security in case of disruptions in supplies the secondary legislation enhances capabilities of transport, storage and reacting.

scholarly journals Development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Irina Habro ◽  
Mykhailo Solomko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Environmental Diplomacy ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union. Today environmental diplomacy has become an important way for states to promote their course of environmental diplomacy, to protect their environmental rights and interests, to promote their own economic and environmental development. The most striking example of the application of green diplomacy on a regional and global scale is the environmental policy implemented by EU member states. Within the EU there is a huge number of environmental programs for the development of renewable energy sources, protection of flora and fauna, as well as combating pollution of water and land resources. To implement its own environmental diplomacy, the EU has adopted a number of important regulations, which are analyzed in the article. The most thorough legal act in the field of environmental diplomacy was Council Directive 85/337 / EEC of 1985 on the assessment of the effects of public and private projects on the environment. This directive reflects the EU’s desire to draw the attention of government agencies and the public to environmental issues and to encourage their collective solution. EU environmental diplomacy is carried out through diplomatic missions, missions, delegations, as well as at the individual level. It involves European politicians and officials who are able to influence international public opinion, employees of foreign ministries and diplomatic missions. The EU also involves third countries as partners to discuss the most pressing environmental issues and their future solutions: climate change, biodiversity conservation, soil depletion, forest and water resources, and renewable energy. Environmental protection is one of the priority areas for European integration. States wishing to join the EU must meet its environmental standards and implement key principles of environmental legislation. It is noted that the EU countries are trying to transfer the economy to clean technologies and diplomatically encourage others to take measures to improve the environmental situation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document