Characterization of Canine Humoral Immune Responses to Outer Surface Protein Subunit Vaccines and to Natural Infection by Lyme Disease Spirochetes

1995 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ma ◽  
P. A. Bulger ◽  
S. Dante ◽  
D. v. R. Davis ◽  
B. Perilli-Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

scholarly journals Yersinia pestis caf1 Variants and the Limits of Plague Vaccine Protection

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 2025-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauriane E. Quenee ◽  
Claire A. Cornelius ◽  
Nancy A. Ciletti ◽  
Derek Elli ◽  
Olaf Schneewind
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vaccine Protection ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Plague Vaccine ◽  
Highly Virulent

ABSTRACT Yersinia pestis, the highly virulent agent of plague, is a biological weapon. Strategies that prevent plague have been sought for centuries, and immunization with live, attenuated (nonpigmented) strains or subunit vaccines with F1 (Caf1) antigen is considered effective. We show here that immunization with live, attenuated strains generates plague-protective immunity and humoral immune responses against F1 pilus antigen and LcrV. Y. pestis variants lacking caf1 (F1 pili) are not only fully virulent in animal models of bubonic and pneumonic plague but also break through immune responses generated with live, attenuated strains or F1 subunit vaccines. In contrast, immunization with purified LcrV, a protein at the tip of type III needles, generates protective immunity against the wild-type and the fully virulent caf1 mutant strain, in agreement with the notion that LcrV can elicit vaccine protection against both types of virulent plague strains.

scholarly journals Characterization of several leukemia-associated antigens inducing humoral immune responses in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia

2003 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Greiner ◽  
Mark Ringhoffer ◽  
Masanori Taniguchi ◽  
Thomas Hauser ◽  
Anita Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

scholarly journals A "Made-in-Canada" serology solution for profiling humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Colwill ◽  
Yannick Galipeau ◽  
Matthew Stuible ◽  
Christian Gervais ◽  
Corey Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
World Health ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Functional Assay ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Made In

BACKGROUND: Testing for antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been instrumental in detecting previous exposures and analyzing vaccine-elicited immune responses. Here, we describe a scalable "Made-in-Canada" solution that can detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, discriminate between natural infection- and vaccination-induced responses, and assess antibody-mediated inhibition of the spike-angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction. METHODS: We developed a set of methods and reagents to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The main assays focus on the parallel detection of immunoglobulin (Ig)Gs against the spike trimer, its receptor binding domain (RBD), and the nucleocapsid (N) protein. These antigens are complemented by a detection antibody (human anti-IgG fused to horseradish peroxidase (HRP)) and a positive control reference antibody (recombinant IgG against the RBD), permitting intra- and inter-laboratory comparisons. Using this toolkit and commercial reagents, we optimized automated ELISAs on two different high throughput platforms to measure antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The assays were calibrated to a reference standard from the World Health Organization. We also automated a surrogate neutralization (sn)ELISA that measures inhibition of ACE2-Spike or -RBD interactions by antibodies using biotinylated ACE2. RESULTS: Our individual IgG-based ELISAs measure antibody levels in single-point measurements in reference to a standard antibody curve to accurately distinguish non-infected and infected individuals (area under the curve > 0.96 for each assay). Positivity thresholds can be established in individual assays using precision-recall analysis (e.g., by fixing the false positive rate), or more stringently, by scoring against the distribution of the means of negative samples across multiple assays performed over several months. For seroprevalence assessment (in a non-vaccinated cohort), classifying a sample as positive if antibodies were detected for at least 2 of the 3 antigens provided the highest specificity. In vaccinated cohorts, increases in anti-spike and -RBD (but not -N) antibodies are observed. Here, we present detailed protocols to perform these assays using either serum/plasma or dried blood spots both manually and on two automated platforms, and to express the results in international units to facilitate data harmonization and inter-study comparisons. We also demonstrate that the snELISA can be performed automatically at single points, increasing the scalability of this functional assay for large seroprevalence studies. INTERPRETATION: The ability to measure antibodies to three viral antigens and identify neutralizing antibodies capable of disrupting spike-ACE2 interactions in high-throughput assays enables large-scale analyses of humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. The "Made-in-Canada" set of protein reagents, produced at the National Research Council of Canada are publicly available to enable the up-scaling of standardized serological assays, permitting nationwide data comparison and aggregation.

scholarly journals Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses toBorrelia burgdorferi Antigens in Patients with Culture-Positive Early Lyme Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 7437-7444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Vaz ◽  
Lisa Glickstein ◽  
Jodie A. Field ◽  
Gail McHugh ◽  
Vijay K. Sikand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Convalescent Phase ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Reactivity ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Culture Positive

ABSTRACT We determined cellular and humoral immune responses toBorrelia burgdorferi lysate and to recombinant flagellin (FlaB), OspC, and OspA in acute- and convalescent-phase samples from 39 culture-positive patients with erythema migrans and in 20 healthy control subjects. During the acute illness, a median of 4 days after the onset of erythema migrans, 51% of the patients had proliferative cellular responses and 72% had antibody responses to at least one of the borrelial antigens tested. During convalescence, at the conclusion of antibiotic therapy, 64% of the patients had proliferative cellular reactivity and 95% had antibody reactivity with at least one of the spirochetal antigens tested. In both acute- and convalescent-phase samples, cellular immune responses were found as frequently to OspA as to OspC and FlaB. Although antibody responses were also frequently seen to OspC and FlaB, only a few patients had marginal antibody reactivity with OspA. The percentage of patients with proliferative responses was similar in those with clinical evidence of localized or disseminated infection, whereas humoral reactivity was found more often in those with disseminated disease. We conclude that cellular and humoral responses to B. burgdorferi antigens are often found among patients with early Lyme disease. In contrast with the other antigens tested, cellular but not humoral reactivity was often found with OspA.

scholarly journals Characterization of Humoral Immune Responses to Chlamydial HSP60, CPAF, and CT795 in Inflammatory and Severe Trachoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 5128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy Skwor ◽  
Ram Prasad Kandel ◽  
Sunniya Basravi ◽  
Aslam Khan ◽  
Bassant Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses
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