scholarly journals Temporal and Microspatial Heterogeneity in Transmission Dynamics of Coendemic Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in Two Rural Cohort Populations in the Peruvian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Rosas-Aguirre ◽  
Mitchel Guzman-Guzman ◽  
Raul Chuquiyauri ◽  
Marta Moreno ◽  
Paulo Manrique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Seasonal Transmission ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Malaria is highly heterogeneous: its changing malaria microepidemiology needs to be addressed to support malaria elimination efforts at the regional level. Methods A 3-year, population-based cohort study in 2 settings in the Peruvian Amazon (Lupuna, Cahuide) followed participants by passive and active case detection from January 2013 to December 2015. Incidence and prevalence rates were estimated using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Lupuna registered 1828 infections (1708 Plasmodium vivax, 120 Plasmodium falciparum; incidence was 80.7 infections/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] , 77.1–84.5). Cahuide detected 1046 infections (1024 P vivax, 20 P falciparum, 2 mixed); incidence was 40.2 infections/100 person-years (95% CI, 37.9–42.7). Recurrent P vivax infections predominated onwards from 2013. According to PCR data, submicroscopic predominated over microscopic infections, especially in periods of low transmission. The integration of parasitological, entomological, and environmental observations evidenced an intense and seasonal transmission resilient to standard control measures in Lupuna and a persistent residual transmission after severe outbreaks were intensively handled in Cahuide. Conclusions In 2 exemplars of complex local malaria transmission, standard control strategies failed to eliminate submicroscopic and hypnozoite reservoirs, enabling persistent transmission.

scholarly journals Missed Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Mixed Infections in Ethiopia Threaten Malaria Elimination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Leonard ◽  
Hussein Mohammed ◽  
Mekonnen Tadesse ◽  
Jessica N. McCaffery ◽  
Doug Nace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Efficacy Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are co-endemic in Ethiopia. This study investigated whether mixed infections were missed by microscopy from a 2017 therapeutic efficacy study at two health facilities in Ethiopia. All patients (N = 304) were initially classified as having single-species P. falciparum (n = 148 samples) or P. vivax infections (n = 156). Dried blood spots were tested for Plasmodium antigens by bead-based multiplex assay for pan-Plasmodium aldolase, pan-Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase, P. vivax lactate dehydrogenase, and histidine-rich protein 2. Of 304 blood samples, 13 (4.3%) contained both P. falciparum and P. vivax antigens and were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for species-specific DNA. Of these 13 samples, five were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction for P. falciparum/P. vivax co-infection. One sample, initially classified as P. vivax by microscopy, was found to only have Plasmodium ovale DNA. Plasmodium falciparum/P. vivax mixed infections can be missed by microscopy even in the context of a therapeutic efficacy study with multiple trained readers.

scholarly journals Unusual Presentation of Vivax Malaria with Anaemia, Thrombocytopenia, Jaundice, Renal Disturbance, and Melena: A Report from Malang, a Nonendemic Area in Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loeki Enggar Fitri ◽  
Teguh Wahju Sardjono ◽  
Bagus Hermansyah ◽  
Didi Candradikusuma ◽  
Nicole Berens-Riha
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Examination ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Most of the complications of malaria such as anaemia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, and renal failure are commonly found inPlasmodium falciparummalaria, but the incidence of severe and complicated vivax malaria tends to be increasing. We report two cases of severePlasmodium vivaxmalaria from Malang, a nonendemic area in Indonesia. Patients exhibited anaemia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, renal disturbance, and melena. Microscopic peripheral blood examination and amplification of parasite 18s rRNA by polymerase chain reaction showed the presence ofP. vivaxand absence ofP. falciparum. All patients responded well to antimalarial drugs.

Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method based on amplification of mitochondrial DNA to detect Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax

Acta Tropica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela G. Cunha ◽  
Tiago S. Medina ◽  
Salma G. Oliveira ◽  
Anderson N. Marinho ◽  
Marinete M. Póvoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Health Care Personnel at a Health Care System in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110110
Author(s):  
Salma Abbas ◽  
Aun Raza ◽  
Ayesha Iftikhar ◽  
Aamir Khan ◽  
Shahzaib Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Health care personnel (HCP) are at high risk for coronavirus disease-2019 acquisition. Serum antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) indicate past infection. Our institution offered SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing to HCP. We surveyed HCP with positive test results to explore past exposure to SARS-CoV-2, details of symptoms during the preceding 6 months, and a history of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing. A total of 2162 HCP underwent antibody testing. Eight hundred fifty-seven (39.6%) employees tested positive and, of these, 820 (95.7%) participated in the survey. When adjusted for age, males had higher odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with females (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.37-2.05; P = .00) and clinical staff had higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity compared with nonclinical staff (OR = 1.273; 95% CI = 1.06-1.53; P = .01). Implementation of effective infection control measures is essential to protect HCP from coronavirus disease-2019.

scholarly journals PvMSP8 as a Novel Plasmodium vivax Malaria Sero-Marker for the Peruvian Amazon

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Villasis ◽  
Katherine Garro ◽  
Angel Rosas-Aguirre ◽  
Pamela Rodriguez ◽  
Jason Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malaria Exposure ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria

The measurement of recent malaria exposure can support malaria control efforts. This study evaluated serological responses to an in-house Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 8 (PvMSP8) expressed in a Baculovirus system as sero-marker of recent exposure to P. vivax (Pv) in the Peruvian Amazon. In a first evaluation, IgGs against PvMSP8 and PvMSP10 proteins were measured by Luminex in a cohort of 422 Amazonian individuals with known history of Pv exposure (monthly data of infection status by qPCR and/or microscopy over five months). Both serological responses were able to discriminate between exposed and non-exposed individuals in a good manner, with slightly higher performance of anti-PvMSP10 IgGs (area under the curve AUC = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.72–0.83]) than anti-PvMSP8 IgGs (AUC = 0.72 [95% CI = 0.67–0.78]) (p = 0.01). In a second evaluation, the analysis by ELISA of 1251 plasma samples, collected during a population-based cross-sectional survey, confirmed the good performance of anti-PvMSP8 IgGs for discriminating between individuals with Pv infection at the time of survey and/or with antecedent of Pv in the past month (AUC = 0.79 [95% CI = 0.74–0.83]). Anti-PvMSP8 IgG antibodies can be considered as a good biomarker of recent Pv exposure in low-moderate transmission settings of the Peruvian Amazon.

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