scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Health Care Personnel at a Health Care System in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110110
Author(s):  
Salma Abbas ◽  
Aun Raza ◽  
Ayesha Iftikhar ◽  
Aamir Khan ◽  
Shahzaib Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Health care personnel (HCP) are at high risk for coronavirus disease-2019 acquisition. Serum antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) indicate past infection. Our institution offered SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing to HCP. We surveyed HCP with positive test results to explore past exposure to SARS-CoV-2, details of symptoms during the preceding 6 months, and a history of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing. A total of 2162 HCP underwent antibody testing. Eight hundred fifty-seven (39.6%) employees tested positive and, of these, 820 (95.7%) participated in the survey. When adjusted for age, males had higher odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with females (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.37-2.05; P = .00) and clinical staff had higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity compared with nonclinical staff (OR = 1.273; 95% CI = 1.06-1.53; P = .01). Implementation of effective infection control measures is essential to protect HCP from coronavirus disease-2019.

scholarly journals Multiplex lateral flow immunochromatographic assay is an effective method to detect carbapenemases without risk of OXA-48-like cross reactivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Kon ◽  
Shirin Abramov ◽  
Sammy Frenk ◽  
David Schwartz ◽  
Ohad Shalom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background It is essential to detect carriers of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in order to implement infection control measures. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the NG-Test® CARBA 5 (CARBA 5) assay for detection of five carbapenemases and to assess the cross reactivity of other OXA-type carbapenemases with the OXA-48-like specific antibodies. Methods A total of 197 Enterobacterales isolates were tested. To evaluate the cross reactivity, 73 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, harboring OXA-type variants, were tested. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) served as gold standard for carbapenemase identification. Results Excellent agreement was found between PCR and CARBA 5, for all but one isolate. The single false positive result (a blaSME positive S. marcescens isolate) was incorrectly positive for blaOXA-48 by CARBA 5. No cross reactivity was observed. The sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 98.0%, respectively. Conclusions The CARBA 5 assay is highly sensitive and specific and is recommended as a tool for the detection of the main carbapenemases of interest in clinical microbiology laboratories.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Fusarium Species Recovered from Hospital Environment in Jos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
GE Kim ◽  
MO Okolo ◽  
UC Essien ◽  
UE Umeh ◽  
CC Iheukwumere
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Fusariums pecies are opportunistic fungi that play an important role in nosocomial infection. The reservoir of Fusarium species in the hospital is not well understood in our environment. Therefore, the present study sought to identify the reservoir of Fusarium species in hospital environment. Three hundred and sixty (360) samples were collected from the environment of two tertiary health care facilities A and B. The sample consists of water (120), soil (120) and plants (120) which were sourced from hospital environments. Cultures of these samples were performed and polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm Fusarium species. The most predominant specie was Fusarium oxysporum Hospital A:(57.3%) and Hospital B:(64.4%). Most of the Fusarium isolates (76.7%) were recovered from soil samples, followed by water (45.0%) and the least were from plants (30.8%). In conclusion the present study has demonstrated that hospital environment is a reservoir for Fusarium species. However, identification of such reservoir would further enhance effective infection control measures.

Sterilization and Infection Control Measures in Dental Operatory

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Santosh K Verma
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Treatment Mode ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Control Protocols

ABSTRACT Increase in the incidence of serious transmissible diseases over the last few decades has enhanced major concern and impacted the treatment mode of all health care practitioners. Nowadays, more emphasis is made to assure the patients that they are well protected from risks of infectious disease. Infection control is the most important phase of any dental therapy that has helped to allay concerns of the health care personnel and in providing a safe environment for both patient and personnel. This study reviews different sterilization and infection control protocols in a dental operatory. How to cite this article Mohan S, Prajapati VK, Verma SK. Sterilization and Infection Control Measures in Dental Operatory. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):97-100.

Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak Due toSerratia marcescensin a Maternity Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Berthelot ◽  
Florence Grattard ◽  
Colette Amerger ◽  
Marie-Claude Frery ◽  
Frédéric Lucht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Unit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Delivery Rooms

AbstractObjectives:To investigate an outbreak ofSerratia marcescensin a maternity hospital (November 1994 to May 1995).Design:Retrospective analysis of epidemiological data and prospective study of systematic bacteriological samples from patients and environment, with genotyping of strains by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.Setting:A private maternity hospital, Saint-Etienne, France.Results:In the neonatal unit, 1 newborn developed a bacteremia, and 36 were colonized in stools with Smarcescens.As the colonization of some newborns was shown to occur only a few hours after delivery, the inquiry was extended to other maternity wards, where 8 babies and 4 mothers were found to be colonized. Environmental sampling led to the isolation of Smarcescensfrom a bottle of enteral feed additive in the neonatal unit and from the transducers of two internal tocographs in the delivery rooms. The genotyping of 27 strains showed two different profiles: a major epidemic profile shared by 22 strains (18 from babies of the neonatal unit, 2 from babies of other units, and 2 from breast milk) and another profile shared by 5 strains (2 from transducers of internal tocographs, 2 from babies, and 1 from a mother). The strain isolated from lipid enteral feeding was not available for typing. Although this source of contamination was removed soon from the neonatal unit, the outbreak stopped only when infection control measures were reinforced in the delivery rooms, including the nonreuse of internal tocographs.Conclusions:In delivery rooms, the quality of hygiene needs to be as high as in surgery rooms to prevent nosocomial colonization or infection of neonates at birth.

scholarly journals Improving turnaround time of molecular diagnosis of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in a hospital in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A Rabaan ◽  
Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background There have been 2562 laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 27 countries, with a case fatality rate of 34.5%. Data on the turnaround time (TAT) are lacking. We report TAT for MERS-CoV samples over time. Methods This is a monocentric study and the TAT for the reporting of 2664 MERS-CoV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were calculated in hours from the time of the receipt of respiratory samples to the reporting of the results. Results The mean TAT±standard deviation was significantly lower in 2018 compared with previous years (19.25±13.8). The percentage of samples processed within 24 h increased from 42.3% to 73.8% in 2015 and 2018, respectively (p<0.0001). The mean TAT was 19.2 h in 2018 and was significantly lower than previous years. Conclusions The TAT for the MERS-CoV results decreased during the study period. Timely reporting of MERS-CoV PCR results may aid in further enhancing infection control measures.

scholarly journals A Case of Lassa Fever Diagnosed at a Community Hospital—Minnesota 2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J Choi ◽  
Shewangizaw Worku ◽  
Barbara Knust ◽  
Arnold Vang ◽  
Ruth Lynfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Secondary Transmission ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Infection Control

Abstract Background In April 2014, a 46-year-old returning traveler from Liberia was transported by emergency medical services to a community hospital in Minnesota with fever and altered mental status. Twenty-four hours later, he developed gingival bleeding. Blood samples tested positive for Lassa fever RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Methods Blood and urine samples were obtained from the patient and tested for evidence of Lassa fever virus infection. Hospital infection control personnel and health department personnel reviewed infection control practices with health care personnel. In addition to standard precautions, infection control measures were upgraded to include contact, droplet, and airborne precautions. State and federal public health officials conducted contract tracing activities among family contacts, health care personnel, and fellow airline travelers. Results The patient was discharged from the hospital after 14 days. However, his recovery was complicated by the development of near complete bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Lassa virus RNA continued to be detected in his urine for several weeks after hospital discharge. State and federal public health authorities identified and monitored individuals who had contact with the patient while he was ill. No secondary cases of Lassa fever were identified among 75 contacts. Conclusions Given the nonspecific presentation of viral hemorrhagic fevers, isolation of ill travelers and consistent implementation of basic infection control measures are key to preventing secondary transmission. When consistently applied, these measures can prevent secondary transmission even if travel history information is not obtained, not immediately available, or the diagnosis of a viral hemorrhagic fever is delayed.

scholarly journals Multiplex Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay Is an Effective Method to Detect Carbapenemases Without Risk of OXA-48-like Cross Reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Kon ◽  
Shirin Abramov ◽  
Sammy Frenk ◽  
David Schwartz ◽  
Ohad Shalom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background: It is essential to detect carriers of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in order to implement infection control measures. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the NG-Test® CARBA 5 (CARBA 5) assay for detection of five carbapenemases and to assess the cross reactivity of other OXA-type carbapenemases with the OXA-48-like specific antibodies. Methods: A total of 197 Enterobacterales isolates were tested. To evaluate the cross reactivity, 73 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, harboring OXA-type variants, were tested. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) served as gold standard for carbapenemase identification. Results: Excellent agreement was found between PCR and CARBA 5, for all but one isolate. The single false positive result (a blaSME positive S. marcescens isolate) was incorrectly positive for blaOXA-48 by CARBA 5. No cross reactivity was observed. The sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 98.0%, respectively. Conclusions: The CARBA 5 assay is highly sensitive and specific and is recommended as a tool for the detection of five carbapenemases.

Hospital Experience with Varicella-Zoster Virus

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Krasinski ◽  
Robert S. Holzman ◽  
Rita LaCouture ◽  
Alfred Florman
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Serologic Testing ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
History Of

AbstractVaricella-zoster virus (VZV), one of the most common highly communicable agents of disease, stimulates aggressive infection control measures. In a 1-year period, at one hospital, at least 93 inpatients (82 adult patients, 11 pediatric patients) and 2 hospital staff with active varicella-zoster infections served as potential sources of nosocomial infection. Six incidents of exposure to the virus that occurred without the protection of standard infection control precautions were investigated by the infection control surveillance team. One hundred fifty-six patients and 353 hospital staff were exposed. Fifty-one patients had no history of varicella-zoster infection, but only five were susceptible by serologic testing. One hundred one staff members had no history of varicella-zoster, but only 11 were susceptible by serologic testing. These exposures resulted in three secondary varicella-zoster infections, six courses of varicella-zoster immune globulin prophylaxis and furlough of 13 staff members. Epidemiologic investigation consumed approximately 356 hours of staff time, and management of exposed persons cost approximately $41,500. Prospective knowledge of the immune status of health care workers would vastly decrease the time and effort required to control hospital VZV exposures.

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