Democracy and the Transnational Dimensions of Low-Level Conflict and State Repression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Roessler ◽  
Patrick Zwerschke ◽  
Jonathan Old
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
Conflict Intensity

Abstract This paper examines the transnational dimensions of low-level conflict and state repression. In this regard, special emphasis is placed on the role of political regimes. Drawing on a simple model, we argue that democracy has opposing effects on conflict intensity. On one hand, democracy satisfies demand for political participation and thus reduces conflict potential, while, on the other hand, we highlight that domestic democracy may spur dissatisfaction and conflict abroad, which, in turn, may induce conflict spillovers. As a result, the net effect of democracy on low-level conflict and state repression is ambiguous and depends on the level of democracy in the neighborhood: We predict that democracy is more pacifying in democratic environments and may spur conflict in autocratic environments. By the symmetry of the model, we also predict that democratic environments are more pacifying for democratic countries and may spur conflict in autocracies. Empirical evidence using panel data on different types of low-level conflict and state repression for 160 countries in the period from 1950 to 2011 supports these hypotheses. Additionally, two case studies illustrate the mechanisms of our model.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF SECONDARY OBJECT AND SPATIAL IMAGERY ON A LITERARY TEXT TRANSLATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Алексей Григорьевич Шипулин
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Spatial Imagery ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation

Статья посвящена исследованию влияния вторичных образов различного типа на перевод художественного текста. Результаты эксперимента подтверждают ведущую роль предметных образов для нахождения адекватных решений. Также показано наличие умеренной обратной корреляции между уровнем образного мышления в целом и количеством неадекватных трансформаций в переводе. Выявлено негативное влияние на результаты перевода низкого пространственного воображения. The article aims to investigate the influence of different types of secondary mental images on literary text translation. Our experimental data confirm a stone role of object imagery for finding adequate translation solutions, as well as suggest a moderate negative correlation between individual imagery scores and the number of inadequate translation solutions. A low level of spatial imagery may negatively affect the translator’s choices.

scholarly journals ENTROPY FROM THE FOAM II

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 1965-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
REMO GARATTINI
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Semiclassical Approximation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Charged Black Hole ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Different Types

A simple model of space–time foam, made by two different types of wormholes in a semiclassical approximation, is taken under examination: one type is a collection of Nw Schwarzschild wormholes, while the other one is made by Schwarzschild–Anti-de Sitter wormholes. The area quantization related to the entropy via the Bekenstein–Hawking formula hints a possible selection between the two configurations. Application to the charged black hole are discussed.

scholarly journals Financialisation and the coupon pool

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Froud ◽  
Sukhdev Johal ◽  
Karel Williams
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Shareholder Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Generic Term

This article aims to extend our understanding of the role of capital markets in present day capitalism. It starts from a critical examination of established terms, shareholder value, corporate governance and financialisation, before suggesting a new generic term, coupon pool capitalism. The second half aims to demonstrate that, unlike the other terms, the coupon pool concept distinctively emphasises the generation of contradictions and instabilities. Empirical evidence is used to support the concept and explore dynamics.

scholarly journals The Role of Memory in the Perception of the Screen Image

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Vitaly Fyodorovich Poznin
Keyword(s):  
Human Memory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Screen Image ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Artistic Image ◽  
Psychology Of Art

The article investigates one of the aspects of psychology of art, namely, the role of different types of human memory — sensory, long-time, short-time — in the forming of an artistic image in the perception of an audiovisual entity. The audience’s perception of such specific cinematic methods as pan shot and dolly shot, as well as different types of parallel, associative and distance montage rests on the peculiarities of our short-time and long-time memory. On the other hand, the complex polyphonic combination of various visual chronotopes in modern films is based on the imitation of memory typical for our dreams.

scholarly journals Do the Attributes of Audit Committee Explain Non-Performing Loans? Evidence from an Emerging Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-357
Author(s):  
Arifa Akter ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Kamal Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Jahangir Alam ◽  
Md. Shajul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
The Other ◽  
Committee Chairman ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Robust Standard Error ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

This study examined whether various attributes of the audit committee of listed banks in Bangladesh explain the level of non-performing loans (NPLs). This study used a panel data set comprising all 30 listed banks with 250 bank-year observations for the period 2013–2017. It employed the random-effects GLS regression model with cluster robust standard error and AR (1) disturbance to examine the effect of several audit committee attributes on NPLs. We found that holding audit committee meetings frequently and a higher number of independent members in the audit committee facilitate to reduce NPLs. We, however, find no explicit evidence that the other attributes of the audit committee examined (audit committee size, financial experience and financial literacy of the audit committee members, professional qualifications of the audit committee Chairman) contribute in reducing NPLs. The findings will be useful for policymakers of the banking sector in Bangladesh and the relevant regulatory bodies in enabling them to understand the role of the various attributes of the audit committee in the incidence of NPLs. Keywords: attributes, audit committee, non-performing loans (NPLs), listed banks, Bangladesh

A critical review of interdisciplinary perspectives on the paradox of prosocial compared to antisocial manifestations of empathy

2020 ◽  
pp. 053901842097694
Author(s):  
Michaela Guthridge ◽  
Paul H. Mason ◽  
Tania Penovic ◽  
Melita J. Giummarra
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Different Types

Empathy is the ability to experience affective and cognitive states of another person, whilst maintaining a distinct self, in order to understand the other. It is a multidimensional phenomenon, ranging from vicarious distress to near complete understanding, with many shades in between. As an almost universal and integral human construct, empathy has been considered in many disciplines and contexts, from evolution to gender, politics, economics, ethics, human rights and neuroscience. Each of these disciplines offers a range of definitions of empathy, and provides unique insights into the role of empathy in achieving different types of social outcomes, including those with both prosocial and antisocial intentions. The conceptualization generated from interdisciplinary perspectives is important because it allows us to identify commonalities that could be mobilized synergistically to achieve greater social benefit through prosocial empathy. This review discusses the benevolent and malevolent manifestations of empathy from the perspective of social, legal and psychological sciences in order to lay the foundation for a theoretical discussion on the potential of harnessing prosocial empathy to advance equality and non-discrimination.

scholarly journals Cooperation Networks and Embeddedness—The Case of the Portuguese Footwear Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9612
Author(s):  
Rúben Rocha ◽  
Anderson Rei Galvão ◽  
Carla Susana Marques ◽  
Carla Mascarenhas ◽  
Vítor Braga
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Data Coding ◽  
Business Association ◽  
Practical Implications

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of embeddedness and cooperation networks in the business internationalization process. To achieve the abovementioned purpose, a qualitative methodology was carefully chosen, through which semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten entrepreneurs of the footwear sector in Portugal, as well as with a head of the national footwear business association. In order to process the data obtained by conducting the interviews, content analysis and data coding through the NVivo software were performed. The results suggest that internationalization is essential for companies in the Portuguese footwear sector. In addition to internationalization helping companies to increase their turnover, it allows companies to grow in a more sustainable way. On the other hand, research also allows us to deduce that networks play an important role in the development of the organizations in question, as they facilitate access to various resources indispensable to this growth. Concerning embeddedness, this aspect presents itself as a facet to which special attention should be paid, considering the pre-eminence that respondents attribute to all variables that help to structure this dimension. The conclusions of this study have theoretical and practical implications, which provide empirical evidence of how the internationalization process can influence the activity of Portuguese companies in the footwear sector. In addition, the results contribute to the evolution of existing knowledge about how embeddedness and cooperation networks facilitate the internationalization process.

scholarly journals Face masks as layers of meaning in times of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2095754
Author(s):  
Luca Tateo
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
The Other ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Way

The pandemic of COVID-19 has brought to the front a particular object: the face mask. I have explored the way people make-meaning of an object generally associated with the medical context that, under exceptional circumstances, can become a presence in everyday life. Understanding how people make meaning of their use is important. Using cultural psychology, I analyse preferences toward different types of face masks people would wear in public. The study involved 2 groups, 44 Norwegian university students and 60 international academics. In particular, I have focused on the role of the mask in regulating people affective experience. The mask evokes safety and fear, it mediates in the auto-dialogue between “I” and “Me” through the “Other”, and in the hetero-dialogue between “I” and the “Other” through “Me” The dialogue is characterized by a certain ambivalence, as expected. Meaning-making is indeed the way to deal with the ambivalence of human existence.

Interocular Grouping of Visual Attributes during Binocular Rivalry

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
T V Papathomas ◽  
I Kovács ◽  
A Feher
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Visual Attributes ◽  
Competition Hypothesis ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The need to revise the eye competition hypothesis of binocular rivalry, and to include the role of stimulus competition has been demonstrated recently by Kovács, Papathomas, Feher, and Yang (1996 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA93 15508 – 15511) and Logothetis, Leopold, and Sheinberg [1996 Nature (London)380 621 – 624]. Kovács et al showed that observers can obtain one-colour percepts when presented with chromatically rivalrous stimuli, even when there are targets of two different colours in each eye. In this study we investigate whether other attributes, in addition to colour, can drive interocular grouping, and how they interact. We extended the ‘patchwork’ rivalrous stimuli (Kovács et al) to study how colour, orientation, spatial frequency, and motion can group interocularly, and how they interact in grouping. Gabor patches are used, because they allow conjunctions of attributes to be formed systematically. To study the ability of an attribute (or a combination of attributes) to group interocularly, we induce rivalry by virtue of interocular differences in that attribute (or combination), and keep the other attributes fixed in both eyes' images. The main advantage of these stimuli is that they enable us to decorrelate the effects of eye competition and percept competition in binocular rivalry. The data show that colour is the most powerful attribute in grouping, and that combinations are stronger than single attributes. Overall, the results indicate that similarity in low-level attributes can drive interocular grouping, and that binocular rivalry follows complex rules of perceptual organisation that cannot be accounted for by eye suppression alone.

Tingkat Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Nilai Perusahaan: Bukti Empiris pada Perusahaan Publik di Indonesia

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Henry Henry ◽  
Hamin Hamin
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Level

Initial analyses using panel data for none intercept model show a positive and significant effect of low level of managerial ownership on firm value ond negative and significant effect of high level of managerial ownership on firm value. This conclusion is dffirent when unobserved firm heterogeneity controlled using firm fixed effects model. Thefixed effects analyses suggest that managerial ownership doesn't have significant effect on firm value. The 2SLS analyses show that both managerial ownership and firm value are jointly endogenous. Managerial ownership has positively impacts on firm value, on higher firm value, on the other hand, inspires larger managerial ownershipKeywords: Managerial Ownership, Firm Yalue, Tobin's Q

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