Apical Dominance inMarsilea, with Particular Reference to the Effects of 3-Indolylacetic Acid,3-Indolylacetonitrile, and Coumarin on Lateral Bud Development

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ALLSOPP
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Lateral Bud

scholarly journals Molecular mechanism of lateral bud differentiation of Pinus massoniana based on high-throughput sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Chen ◽  
Jianhui Tan ◽  
Xingxing Liang ◽  
Shengsen Tang ◽  
Jie Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Lateral Bud

AbstractKnot-free timber cultivation is an important goal of forest breeding, and lateral shoots affect yield and stem shape of tree. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanism of lateral bud development by removing the apical dominance of Pinus massoniana young seedlings through transcriptome sequencing and identify key genes involved in lateral bud development. We analyzed hormone contents and transcriptome data for removal of apical dominant of lateral buds as well as apical and lateral buds of normal development ones. Data were analyzed using an comprehensive approach of pathway- and gene-set enrichment analysis, Mapman visualization tool, and gene expression analysis. Our results showed that the contents of auxin (IAA), Zea and strigolactone (SL) in lateral buds significantly increased after removal of apical dominance, while abscisic acid (ABA) decreased. Gibberellin (GA) metabolism, cytokinin (CK), jasmonic acid, zeatin pathway-related genes positively regulated lateral bud development, ABA metabolism-related genes basically negatively regulated lateral bud differentiation, auxin, ethylene, SLs were positive and negative regulation, while only A small number of genes of SA and BRASSINOSTEROID, such as TGA and TCH4, were involved in lateral bud development. In addition, it was speculated that transcription factors such as WRKY, TCP, MYB, HSP, AuxIAA, and AP2 played important roles in the development of lateral buds. In summary, our results provided a better understanding of lateral bud differentiation and lateral shoot formation of P. massoniana from transcriptome level. It provided a basis for molecular characteristics of side branch formation of other timber forests, and contributed to knot-free breeding of forest trees.

Interaction between gibberellin A4/7 and root-pruning on the reproductive and vegetative processes in Douglas-fir. IV. Effects on lateral bud development

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Owens ◽  
J. E. Webber ◽  
S. D. Ross ◽  
R. P. Pharis
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Mitotic Frequency ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Vegetative Bud

The anatomy, mitotic frequency, size, and total insoluble carbohydrate histochemistry was studied in axillary apices from 9- and 10-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees after cone induction treatments of root-pruning and (or) stem injections of a gibberellin A4 and A7 (GA4/7) mixture. Axillary buds were initiated at the time of root-pruning, but root-pruning treatment had no effect on axillary bud initiation. Axillary apices from control and gibberellin-treated trees were similar and followed the normal sequence of bud-scale initiation, differentiation, and leaf initiation (described previously) and no cone buds differentiated. Early development of axillary apices from root-pruned and root-pruned, gibberellin-treated trees was normal, but development became retarded near the time of vegetative bud flush. Retarded apices were small with low mitotic frequency and developed many features characteristics of latent apices. Retardation of axillary apices continued until mid-July when normal development resumed and apices differentiated into reproductive buds or vegetative buds, or became latent. The trees in which the greatest retardation of apical development occurred during lateral shoot elongation produced the most cone buds. These results are discussed in relation to hypotheses proposed to explain how cultural and gibberellin treatments affect cone induction in the Pinaceae.

Isolation and identification of lateral bud growth inhibitor, indole-3-aldehyde, involved in apical dominance of pea seedlings

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Nakajima ◽  
Hiroshi Nakano ◽  
Kosumi Yamada ◽  
Hideyuki Shigemori ◽  
Koji Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Bud Growth

Apical dominance in the rhizome of Agropyron repens. Evidence of competition for carbohydrate as a factor in the mechanism of inhibition

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1189-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
High Nitrogen Level ◽  
Agropyron Repens

When plants of Agropyron repens L. Beauv. are grown at a high nitrogen level (210 p.p.m. N) apical dominance in the rhizome is sufficiently reduced to permit the continued growth of the lateral buds. If, however, the rhizome is isolated from the parent shoot the dominance of the apex is markedly increased and lateral bud growth is strongly inhibited.Experiments with these isolated, high-nitrogen rhizomes showed that apical dominance could be significantly reduced either by increasing the length of the rhizome or by retarding the growth of the rhizome apex by exposing it to light. The growth potential of the lateral buds declined rapidly as the duration of their attachment to the rhizome apex was increased. This effect was associated with the translocation of carbohydrate to the rhizome apex and could be overcome by providing the isolated buds with a 2% sucrose solution. When buds were isolated from the rhizome apex before their growth potential was exhausted a marked increase in their carbohydrate content was apparent after 48 h. This increase was associated with their resumption of growth. Buds still attached to the apex could be released from inhibition by supplying sucrose solutions to the cut end of the rhizome.The results suggest that, under the experimental conditions, apical dominance was due primarily to competition for a limited carbohydrate supply.

scholarly journals 760 PB 184 INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID REGULATES APICAL DOMINANCE BY CONTROLLING THE STATE OF WATER AND MEMBRANE LIPID COMPOSITION IN BUDS OF MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 541h-542
Author(s):  
Shiow Y. Wang ◽  
Miklos Faust ◽  
Michael J. Line
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The effect of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on apical dominance in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) buds was examined by studying changes In proton density (free water) and membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. Decapitation induced budbreak and enhanced lateral bud growth. IAA replaced apical control of lateral bud paradormancy. Maximal inhibition was obtained when IAA was applied immediately after the apical bud was removed. Delaying this application weakens the effect of IAA. An increase in proton density in lateral buds was observable 2 days after decapitation, whereas the change in membrane lipid composition occurred 4 days later. Decapitating the terminal bud induced an increase in membrane galacto- and phospholipids. and the ratio of unsaturated to corresponding saturated fatty acids. Decapitation also induced a decrease in the ratio of free sterols to phospholipids in lateral buds. Application of IAA to the terminal end of decapitated shoots inhibited the increase of proton density and prevented changes in the membrane lipid composition of lateral buds.

Growth of dormant buds on severed rhizomes of Calamagrostis canadensis

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Powelson ◽  
V. J. Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Calamagrostis Canadensis ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Shoot Base

The regeneration potential and dormancy of lateral buds on rhizome segments near the parent shoot base or the distal rhizome apex of Calamagrostis canadensis were assessed. Apical and basal segments of various length, with and without the parental shoot base or rhizome apex attached, were planted 1 cm deep in loam soil. When the apex or base was attached axillary buds on the rhizome usually remained dormant. When the parental shoot base was excised, the bud closest to the rhizome base was more likely to sprout than more distal buds. When the apex was excised from the apical segments, more axillary buds emerged but no priority of bud development arose. Buds near the apex position generally had a higher frequency of sprouting than buds adjacent to the parental base. Rhizome segments adjacent to the apex were heavier and had a higher nonstructural carbohydrate content than rhizome segments adjacent to the parental base. Key words: Calamagrostis canadensis, rhizome, dormancy, apical dominance, competition

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