Opening, Closing, and Moving through Interpretive Disputes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Camper
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Interpretive Communities ◽  
Interpretive Argument

Chapter 8 explores how the interpretive stases are logically related to each other and how interpretive disputes are initiated and resolved. The chapter explains how the interpretive stases occur in a predictable, presuppositional sequence in which certain interpretive issues must be resolved or settled before further interpretive issues can be considered. The chapter also discusses what happens when additional passages or texts are brought in to support an argument about another passage or text. Passages from Margaret Fell’s seventeenth-century pamphlet arguing for women’s right to preach illustrate these points. Building on Patricia Roberts-Miller’s framework for understanding deliberative conflicts, the chapter outlines four different types of interpretive communities based on their valuation and use of disagreement and interpretive argument. Each of these types of communities initiates and resolves interpretive disputes in different ways. The chapter also describes three constraining factors that influence the felt need to resolve an interpretive disagreement.

Criteria for Evaluating Textual Readings: The Limitations of Textual Rules

1982 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-448
Author(s):  
Emanuel Tov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Textual Criticism ◽  
Different Types

Old Testament textual criticism focuses on variant readings (such as “on the seventh day” in the MT of Gen 2:2 as opposed to “on the sixth day” in the Samaritan Pentateuch and in the LXX and the Peshitta) and these readings must be evaluated carefully. Ever since the seventeenth century, abstract rules have been formulated for the evaluation of textual readings. These abstract rules are of different types and each generation of OT scholars has a different approach to them. In the seventeenth century only a few such rules were suggested, but after that time one notices a growing appreciation for and employment of textual rules. In the present century one discovers a frequent reliance on–and often a blind belief in–textual rules.

Evolution and religion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Kitcher
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Different Types

Ever since the seventeenth century, there has been debate about the compatibility of scientific findings and religious doctrines. During this period, many devout people have held that science and religion are fully compatible. With the publication of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species in 1859, however, the consistency of evolution and Christian religion has been an especially contested case. In particular, beliefs about the soul, beliefs about providence, and beliefs in supernatural powers and beings have been at the centre of the debate. But it has often happened that certain beliefs have been thought to be in conflict with Darwinism specifically, when the potential conflict is really with any naturalized scientific approach to biology and to the formation of human beliefs. Besides, there are different types of religion and religious commitment, and the problems involved in this debate are more acute for some than for others.

The Thinker as a Noble Man (bene natus) and Preliminary Remarks on the Medieval Concepts of Nobility

Vivarium ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-247
Author(s):  
Andrea Robiglio
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Philosophical Issue ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Different Types

AbstractThe late medieval discussion of 'nobility' (= nobilitas, dignitas) defined in philosophical terms (as opposed to other social notions like 'aristocracy'), produced a large number of writings, many of which are still unedited. Nevertheless, modern philosophical historiography (developed throughout the seventeenth century and reaching its first apogee with Hegel) has neglected the conceptual debates on nobility. Perhaps having assumed it to be a dead relic of the 'pre-illuminist' past, historians and philosophers understood 'nobility' as a non-philosophical issue and so it still appears in contemporary scholarship. The first aim of this essay is to draw attention to this issue by presenting a sort of preliminary catalogue of the different types of conceptualizations of 'mobility'. By exploring the meanings and philosophical employment of the expressions 'bene nasci' and 'bene natus', this article also reveals a new aspect of the Aristotelian notion of magnanimity.

“Regardless of Gender, Class, Color, and Condition”

2018 ◽  
pp. 163-192
Author(s):  
Molly A. Warsh
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Consumption Practices

This chapter turns to pearl consumption practices in the seventeenth century and considers what they reveal about the overlap between personal and imperial approaches to the custodianship of value. Drawing on personal correspondence of high-ranking diplomats, smugglers, widows, and children in Spain, as well as Inquisition records from Lima and Cartagena, the inventories of London goldsmiths, and Amsterdam-based Sephardic jewelers’ ledgers, it shows that the use and exchange of pearls among families, friends, and business associates reflected highly contextual assessments of value and worth. The personal political economies that pearls illuminated were often, if not always, at odds with official assessments of the jewel, which tried to remove them from their context and assign them arbitrary financial valuations. In art, pearls could be used to explore the supposed nature of different types of subjects, but in reality they figured in the socially embedded wealth husbandry practices of people of diverse backgrounds and means. The sixteen thousand smuggled pearls discovered in a small lead box that sank in 1622 with the Spanish galleon Santa Margarita illustrate the tremendous variety of the jewel, their subjective appeal, and their accessibility.

History of Depression

2016 ◽  
pp. 10-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan V. Horwitz ◽  
Jerome C. Wakefield ◽  
Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Use Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

The symptoms that define depressive conditions have been recognized for millennia of medical history. The earliest Hippocratic writings not only define depression in similar ways as current works but also use context to differentiate ordinary sadness from depressive disorder. Sadness was understood as a natural reaction to loss; symptoms indicated a disorder only if they were not attributable to an identifiable trigger or if they displayed disproportionate intensity or duration to their triggers. The first serious approaches to subcategorize different types of depressive disorders developed in the seventeenth century. Despite agreement that a melancholic or psychotic form of depression existed, researchers debated the categorization of neurotic or nonpsychotic depressions until 1980 when the DSM- III introduced major depression as a unitary category. The DSM’s diagnostic system was historically anomalous because its diagnoses did not consider the context in which symptoms arose. The only exception within the DSM, for uncomplicated symptoms that follow bereavement, was removed from the DSM-5 in 2013 so that depressive diagnoses now thoroughly conflate adaptive responses to loss with pathological depressions.

‘Draw everything that exists in the world’

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-321
Author(s):  
Jaya Remond
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge ◽  
Drawing Skills

This article examines the Amsterdam engraver and draftsman Crispijn de Passe’s art manual, ’t Light der Teken en Schilderkonst, in order to study the processes that turned image-making practices into forms of knowledge worthy of being preserved on paper. I argue that De Passe, who was born into a prominent family of artists, championed the multi-purpose functionality of drawing skills, and that De Passe’s experience at Antoine de Pluvinel’s riding academy in Paris played a key role in the manual’s genesis, as well as in the creation, codification and stabilization of artistic knowledge. By examining forms of haptic engagement (such as traces of manipulation), I show how such manuals were used, collected, and prized as valuable objects in early modern Europe. Acquiring and cultivating drawing skills would become imbued with great epistemic, material, and monetary value for different types of publics in the long seventeenth century

scholarly journals La violència física i econòmica contra les dones a la Mallorca del segle XVII: una aproximació

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Victòria Bauçà Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Economic Violence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

Resum: En aquesta primera aproximació a la Mallorca del segle XVII, es pot veure com les dones patien diferents tipus de violència. Per una banda, la física, que era exercida tant per part de desconeguts com per part dels marits dins de l’entorn conjugal. La fugida de la maltractada era la solució més habitual i, en moltes ocasions, la disputa acaba amb divorci. per altra banda, s’ha documentat l’existència d’una violència que es pot denominar econòmica i que es basa en l’exclusió de la dona de les seves pròpies possessions, cosa que conduïa a llargs litigis per a la restitució dotal o per a reclamar una herència. Generalment, aquesta violència es donava quan les dones quedaven soles i en situació de vulnerabilitat econòmica i social, i era exercida, de manera habitual, per homes propers a elles de diferents modes. Així i tot, es comprova el tarannà reivindicatiu i actiu de les dones mallorquines davant aquests tipus de violències.Paraules clau: violència, maltractament, dona, dot, herènciaAbstract: In this first approach to Mallorca in the seventeenth century, we can see how women suffered different types of violence. On the one hand, the physical violence was exercised both by strangers and by husbands within the conjugal environment. The most common solution to this violence was the escape of the woman who was being abused. In many cases, the dispute ended in divorce. On the other hand, we documented the existence of violence that can be called economic. This type of violence is based on the exclusion of women from their own possessions, which led to lengthy litigation for dowry restitution or to claim an inheritance. Generally, this violence occurred when women were left alone and in a situation of economic and social vulnerability. The economic violence was usually exercised by men close to the victims in different ways. However, we can highlight the vindictive and active disposition of Mallorcan women in the face of these types of violences.Keywords: violence, maltreatment, woman, dowry, inheritance

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document