Inheritance and Luck

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Luck Egalitarianism ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Inherited Wealth ◽  
Luck Egalitarian

This chapter reviews and criticizes varieties of the luck egalitarian conception of justice. It begins with the ‘naïve’ distinction between choice and circumstance, on which inequalities are permissible insofar as they depend on the former rather than the latter. The bulk of the chapter discusses more sophisticated versions of luck egalitarianism, which either supplement the naïve view with some countervailing principle (e.g. by appeal to personal prerogatives) or by constraining its scope (e.g. by focusing on the mediating effects of institutions). Later parts of the chapter evaluate other contemporary oppositions to inherited wealth grounded in interpretations of reciprocity and a concern about the role of inheritance in enabling freeriding. The chapter ends with a discussion of Ronald Dworkin’s views, which bear a formal resemblance to the position defended in the following two chapters.

Strokes of Luck

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Lang
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Moral Luck ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Luck Egalitarianism ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Luck Egalitarian

Strokes of Luck offers a large-scale treatment of the role of luck in our judgements about blameworthiness and responsibility, in moral philosophy, and in principles of distributive justice, in political philosophy. It takes an ‘anti-anti-luckist’ stance on these matters, and is opposed to the influential ‘anti-luckist’ views which hold that judgements of blameworthiness, or distributive relations, should be adjusted to annul or neutralize differential luck. It provides a new reading of Bernard Williams’s famous essay ‘Moral Luck’ which emphasizes the dissimilarity of Williams’s aims from the aims of Thomas Nagel and his intellectual descendants. It contends that luck egalitarianism is a structurally flawed programme, and it argues for a revised understanding of John Rawls’s justice as fairness that interprets Rawls’s hostility to factors that are ‘arbitrary from a moral point of view’ in a novel way stationed more closely to his contractarian apparatus, and less closely to luck egalitarian concerns.

Inheritance of Wealth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Class Hierarchy ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
Inherited Wealth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Luck Egalitarian ◽  
Positive Point

This book presents a philosophical analysis of inherited wealth: it examines both the moral foundations of the right to bequeath wealth and the case for restricting that right with an inheritance tax. The book seeks to approach inheritance as a challenge with much contemporary significance but draws on ideas from the history of political philosophy. The positive proposals that emerge count as a sort of hybrid between luck egalitarian and social egalitarian conceptions of justice, with some sensitivity to utilitarian and libertarian insights. Chapter 1 lays out the main arguments and motivations in brief. Chapters 2 and 3 survey a variety of arguments from the eighteenth to the early twentieth century, with a view to establishing which insights have enduring force. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 assemble an egalitarian case for restricting inherited wealth, though many particular egalitarian conceptions are rejected. The main positive point to emerge in these chapters is that unrestricted inheritance is unjust to the extent that it enables and enhances the intergenerational replication of inequality. Here, inequality is understood in a group-based sense: the unjust effects of inheritance are principally in its tendency to concentrate certain opportunities into certain groups. This results in economic segregation. Concern about this tendency represents a modification of a somewhat stronger but less precise concern about the role of inheritance in perpetuating class hierarchy. Chapters 7 and 8 engage, somewhat more piecemeal, with arguments from the libertarian tradition and with certain questions about the design of taxation schemes.

Father Presence and Adolescents’ Resilience: The Mediating Role of Failure Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110296
Author(s):  
Yue Yu ◽  
Xueyan Wei ◽  
Robert D Hisrich ◽  
Linfang Xue
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Father Presence

In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between father presence and the resilience of adolescents, and whether failure learning mediates this association. Specifically, we obtained in-depth details on the relation between father presence and adolescents’ resilience by examining the mediating effects of four subfactors of failure learning: failure cognition, reflection and analysis, experience transformation, and prudent attempt. For this purpose, we used the questionnaire to access Chinese middle school students’ father presence, resilience, and failure learning. In total, six hundred and twenty-six valid questionnaires were collected. The results were as follows: (1) there was a significant positive correlation between father presence, failure learning, and resilience; (2) failure learning played a mediating role between father presence and adolescents’ resilience; (3) the mediating effect of experience transformation and prudent attempt (two subfactors of failure learning) between father presence and adolescents’ resilience was significant, while the mediating effect of failure cognition and reflective analysis (the other two subfactors of failure learning) was insignificant.

The Silver Lining in the Dark Cloud of Social Status Insecurity: The Mediating Role of Popularity Goals in the Association Between Social Status Insecurity and Chinese Adolescents’ Bullying Bystander Behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110234
Author(s):  
Yuchi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Lan ◽  
Guanyu Cui ◽  
Jingke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Status Insecurity ◽  
Peer Factors ◽  
Defending Behaviors ◽  
Bystander Behaviors

Bullying bystander behavior has an important effect on bullying—both in stopping and facilitating it. Although bullying bystander behaviors have long been understood as a peer group process, existing research that focuses on the role of peer factors is still limited. Moreover, less is known about the social cognitive-related role of peer factors and its underlying mechanisms in adolescents’ bullying bystander behaviors. Accordingly, using resource control theory, this study examines the mediating effects of popularity goals on the associations between social status insecurity and bullying bystander behaviors (active defending behaviors, passive bystanding behaviors) among 333 Chinese adolescents (181 males; Mage = 13.10; SD = .50). Analyses were conducted using SPSS 23 to conduct descriptive and correlation analyses. The hypothesized mediation model was tested using a structural equation modeling approach with bootstrapping techniques (bootstrap replications: 5,000) using AMOS 23. The results showed that popularity goals fully mediated the relationship between adolescents’ social status insecurity and their active defending behaviors. No gender differences in these mediating effects were observed. The results also indicated that popularity goals did not mediate the relationship between social status insecurity and passive bystanding behaviors. These findings enrich our understanding of bullying bystander behaviors and highlight the positive role of social cognitive factors (e.g., popularity goals) in active defending behaviors. Our findings deepen our understanding of bullying bystanders through integrating proximate and ultimate approaches. Our findings have significant practical implications, which suggest that school anti-bullying interventions should value the positive roles of social status insecurity and popularity goals in promoting active defending behaviors.

The boundary condition of travel satisfaction and the mediating role of destination image: The case of event tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
IpKin Anthony Wong ◽  
Yueying Hazel Xu ◽  
Xiuchang Sherry Tan ◽  
Huijun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Destination Loyalty ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Event Tourism ◽  
Travel Satisfaction

Planned events have been acknowledged to improve the image of a place. Although there are ample studies examining the destination image and tourist behaviors, this research focuses on the mediating effects of different destination images on the linkage between travel-specific event value and destination loyalty. In addition, this study seeks to advance the literature by addressing the mixed findings of event-induced destination image by examining the moderating effect of travel satisfaction. Moderated mediating effects of cognitive and affective destination images as well as the moderated indirect effect of event value are also tested. From a broader theoretical perspective, this study aims to advance the importance of event-induced destination image and the loyalty formation process by demonstrating the boundary condition of a trip based on tourist satisfaction.

scholarly journals MEDIATING EFFECTS OF EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT IN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOXIC LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rahman Khan ◽  
Hamid Khan ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad Jan ◽  
Aziz Javad ◽  
Aman Ullah Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Toxic Leadership ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of Study: The study aimed to examine the mediating effects of employee commitment in the relationship between toxic leadership and employee performance in the context of the banking sector, KP, Pakistan. The study is expected to provide significant information to existing knowledge databases about the toxic leaders, organizational commitment, and employees’ performance. Methodology of Study: The cross-sectional design was used to conduct the study by using a 5-point Likert scale through the questionnaire to collect primary data from the high-level managers of selected commercial banks located south region of KP, Pakistan. The sample of 234 employees of both public/private sector banks was taken randomly as the sample. To compute sample, Yamane (1967) formula for selecting sample from finite population: n=population (566), level of significance, e = 0.05 & n=sample size, sample size (n) = N/1+Ne2 = 566/1+566(0.05), 2 = 234. Main Findings: The results of the study revealed that the significant and positive association among the research variables, the significant impact of the predictors on the criterion variable, and the significant partial mediating role of the employee commitment in the relationship between the toxic leadership and employees’ performance. Applications of Study: The current study focuses on examining the role of toxic leadership on employee performance with mediating effect of employee commitment within the banking sector of KP, Pakistan. This study's significance lies in the banking sector, desiring to acquire sustainable competitive advantage through increased employee performance and employee commitment. Novelty/Originality of Study: The expectation that organizational commitment can improve the relationship between toxic leadership and employee performance is missed to a certain extent in the educational context that is expected to offer a new contribution to an existing database of research.

Project Success: What is the Role of Project Team Morale and How It Can Be Boosted?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi H. Aronson ◽  
Thomas G. Lechler
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Team Leadership ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
And Performance

This research presents and validates a model of project team morale and its influence on project success. We operationally define morale in project-based work as a multi-faceted variable encompassing suggested definitions offered in former studies. Unlike past research, we investigate the mediating effects between these facets of morale and success. A structural equation model is proposed and empirically tested to investigate the interdependencies between the facets of project team morale and how they promote project success. The results show that project team morale explains 25% of the variance in project success. Findings provide project leaders with a tool to enhance project success by influencing employees’ morale, rather than solely focusing on traditional project planning and controlling activities. We provide practical implications for project team leadership and performance.

Rawls and Luck Egalitarianism

John Rawls ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Luck Egalitarianism ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Egalitarian Theory ◽  
Luck Egalitarian

In A Theory of Justice, Rawls famously noted that many (dis)advantages reflect the outcomes of the social and the natural lottery. In these remarks, inter alia, some have seen the early appearance in Rawls’s work of what was later developed into a full-blown luck egalitarian theory of justice. Luck egalitarianism says that it is unjust if some are worse off than others through no choice or fault of their own. This principle differs from Rawls’s theory of justice. This had led some political philosophers to criticize Rawls for not thinking through the implications of his luck egalitarian commitments. This chapter (1) presents conflicting interpretations of the role considerations about luck play in Rawls; (2) assesses the exegetical support on offer for these interpretations; and, finally, (3) discusses what role considerations about luck should play in a theory of justice in the light of recent relational egalitarian theories.

Assessing the role of product category involvement and relationship proneness in the satisfaction–loyalty link in retailing

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choukri Menidjel ◽  
Abderrezzak Benhabib ◽  
Anil Bilgihan ◽  
Melih Madanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Product category involvement and relationship proneness are crucial in explaining relationship outcomes. Nevertheless, the authors know little about their roles in the formation of loyalty, especially in the retail industry. Individual consumer traits and preferences are likely to play a critical role in the success of relationship marketing. Yet, relationship marketing studies have fallen short of considering such individual differences. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effects of product category involvement and relationship proneness on the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty in retail clothing stores. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained using a survey of 220 consumers. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to test the proposed theoretical model. Findings The results show that satisfaction significantly affects product category involvement and relationship proneness, which, in turn, significantly affect purchase intention and word-of-mouth (WOM). The results also show that product category involvement and relationship proneness partially mediate the impact of satisfaction on purchase intention and WOM. Research limitations/implications Product category involvement and relationship proneness play a critical role in explaining the satisfaction–loyalty link. Future research could consider the role of potential moderating variables. Practical implications Retail managers should not only focus on improving customer satisfaction to achieve customer loyalty, but should also consider the importance of product category involvement and relationship proneness, and their role in the formation of customer loyalty both in traditional and online environments. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the mediating effects of product category involvement and relationship proneness on the relationship between satisfaction, purchase intention and WOM in the retail industry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document