Histories of Archaeology

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

In recent years there has been an upsurge of interest in the history of the discipline of archaeology. Local, national, and international histories of archaeology that deal with institutions, concepts, categories, and the social and political contexts of archaeological practice have begun to influence the development of archaeological theory. This volume contributes to these developments by reprinting 19 significant papers. Spanning much of the last 200 years and global in coverage and outlook, the papers provide a thorough grounding in the historiography of archaeology, and will enhance understanding of the origins and growth of its theory and practice. A general introduction which is itself a contribution to historiography orients readers by outlining core themes and issues in the field.

Post-processualism, professionalization and archaeological methodologies. Towards reflective and radical practice

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
Contract Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Commercial Archaeology ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

In recent years the gap between archaeological theory and practice has been closing, but although there have been calls for ‘reflexivity’, there has been little critical examination of its meanings. Proposed reflexive methodologies still perpetuate many traditional hierarchies of power, and fail to consider the creative nature of excavation and post-excavation. Much archaeological work in Britain, Europe and North America also takes place within the commercial sphere, and post-processual ideas cannot advance archaeological practice unless they can be implemented in contract archaeology. This paper examines theoretical considerations of reflexivity, representation, subjectivity and sensual engagement to highlight their relevance to everyday archaeological practice, and their political potential to undermine existing hierarchies of power within commercial archaeology.

scholarly journals AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 823-840
Author(s):  
Lilian Karali ◽  
Eugene Afonasin ◽  
Anna Afonasina
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
State University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Trajectory

In this lecture, one can find an abbreviated historical trajectory of the appearance and development of archaeology as a science. The aim is to demonstrate the perceptions and biases, which have influenced and still influence the archaeological theory and practice in negative or positive ways. The lecture was prepared for the participants of the program on “Classics and Philosophy” of Novosibirsk State University (October 2018).

scholarly journals The Primacy of Practice?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Bell
Keyword(s):  
Film Theory ◽  
Visual Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media And Communication ◽  
The Relationship

CRITICAL SOURCES FOR MAKING SENSE OF THE THEORY-PRACTICE DIVIDE IN FILM AND VISUAL STUDIES SynopsisIn this paper I explore the theory-practice nexus as it manifests itself within film and visual studies. Starting from an institutional history of the troubled relation between film theory and the teaching and conduct of imaging practice, I locate this disjuncture in a broader analysis of the social division between intellectual and manual labour within capitalist society. I discuss Aristotle's distinctions between theoria, praxis and techne and relate this to the contemporary divisions between the theoretical, critical and technical elements of teaching film. I argue that a discussion of the relationship between theory and practice within film and the visual arts is best approached by a serious consideration of the 'politics of theory'. The ProblemThe last twenty years has seen a massive growth in film, media and communication studies within further and higher...

scholarly journals A crise de identidade do museu: Ensaio sobre o “ser ou não ser” dos museus

2014 ◽  
pp. 131-157
Author(s):  
Nilo Cerqueira
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Target Image ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Descriptive Knowledge

It is important to museology, museums and especially for visitors to define concepts about the social role of the museum and the museum as an organization. For museums is important from the point of view of its delineations of activity and modes of dialogue. To Museology has value because it gives the mission often propose new guidelines to improve and moments between the museum and society. And finally, for the visitor, it is the reason, the nature of the museum settles. At the headquarters of understanding that this not called. A simple walk in the guideline of the history of advent museum, and you can notice the dissonance between theory, the θεωρία Greek, is the purely rational descriptive knowledge . And the prâxix , 'action' . ] S.f.2 n.1 . Practical activity; action exercise use. In the course of these lines, we note, in the spectrum of branding, the various inconsistencies between theory and practice, the first image and the target image, between the rational and emotional, between being what want to be. Or as the article suggests, between the being or not being of museums.

The history of the concept of social market economy in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Nevskiy ◽  
Aleksandr Hudokormov ◽  
Mihail Pokidchenko ◽  
Irina Chaplygina ◽  
Al'fred Shyuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Market ◽  
Freiburg School

The monograph traces the history of the development of German neoliberal economic thought from the origins of the Freiburg School in the 1930s to the first results of the practical implementation of the concept of a social market economy in West Germany in the late 1940s-early 1960s. The author demonstrates the broad historical context of the development of German ideas about the theory and practice of the policy of order (Ordnungstheorie und Ordnungspolitik), shows the features of the formation and spread of the scientific and intellectual economic tradition in Germany, as well as beyond its borders, starting with the birth of the German historical school and the perception of its heritage by Russian socio-economic thought in the second half of the XIX — early XX century and ending with the practical implementation of the concept of order of the Freiburg school and the correlation of its ideological and spiritual and moral foundations with the social teaching of Catholicism and liberalism of Friedrich von Hayek. Special attention is paid to some controversial issues of the formation of the theory of ordoliberalism during the period of national socialism and the problems of the social market economy in modern Germany. The book is intended to fill the shortage of specialized scientific literature on relevant issues and to acquaint the Russian reader, primarily students, teachers and researchers, with the variety of ideological and scientific-theoretical foundations of the socio-economic system of the post-war Germany.

scholarly journals Continuities of Pragmatism, Settling Metaphysical Disputes and the Analytic-Continental Divide. Part II

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
James Edward Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Daily Basis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Ontological Pluralism ◽  
Exclusionary Practices ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The author examines the history of pragmatism and maintains that a thematic continuity runs through the classical pragmatists, neopragmatitsts and contemporary pragmatists. This continuity can be vaguely characterized as an integration of theory and practice, but experience gives theory its content such that action is always guiding the formation of knowledge. There are four implications of this continuity. Pragmatists are centrally concerned with the human relationship to a process-oriented and evolving conception of nature. For pragmatists, our beliefs are regarded not as propositions that map onto a separate and fixed reality, but instead their truth emerges out of the habits beliefs generate. Pragmatism emphasizes an openness to possibility since our access to the world of experience is mediated by a variety of selective interests, intellectual histories, varying linguistic and discursive practices. Pragmatists are deeply concerned with the social and political problems that confront us on a daily basis. The author also examines the manner in which James understands the term “metaphysics” given that pragmatism is a method for settling “metaphysical disputes.” Jamesian existential pluralism implies to maximize all possibilities that can satisfy everyone as much as possible without impeding and harming another's capacity to experience a rich and novel world. The author analyzes Todd May’s approach to the analytic-continental divide and concludes that if settlement embraces James’s thick conception of experience, then the resulting ontological pluralism is the best settlement possible, and this commitment to pluralism requires dissolving the exclusionary practices the analytic-continental divide suggests philosophically.

scholarly journals History of creating curricula, programs and textbooks on foreign language for universities of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2726-2741
Author(s):  
Nurbayeva Aida ◽  
Ongarbayeva Aliya ◽  
Khavaidarova Mekhirnis ◽  
Smailova Feruza ◽  
Kalambayeva Gulzhan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis

Like any private didactics the methodology of teaching foreign languages, has its own history, knowledge of which is necessary for understanding the main stages of development of the theory and practice of teaching, the variety of approaches and methods of teaching foreign languages in the modern world. This study aims to research the history of creating curricula, programs and textbooks on foreign language for universities of Kazakhstan. The research conducted a  Historical and pedagogical analysis which showed that foreign language teaching has its roots in the deep past, and played a huge role in the development of human society, since it determined the progress of the transferring the methodological experience and contributed to the social development of mankind. Keywords: foreign language;  ideological principles; historical; pedagogical analysis  .    

scholarly journals Vinča Burials in the Research of Miloje M. Vasić

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Palavestra ◽  
Monika Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medieval Archaeology

Miloje M. Vasić (1869–1956) is considered to be the founding father of Serbian archaeology. This paper directly challenges, as based on detailed archival research, the prevailing view that his excavation of the Vinča archaeological site is a model standard for Serbian archaeology. Instead, Vasić’s handling of the excavation was selective, non-systematic and destructive when viewed today from the perspective of modern practices. Vasić originally gained authority based on the discovery of Vinča, a prehistoric archaeological site that contains layers from the Neolithic to the middle ages. In his zeal to uncover “prehistory”, he deliberately ignored the other archaeological layers present. The most significant example of neglected archaeological remains is his excavations of Vinča’s medieval cemetery where he did not document observations systematically. This prioritization of the importance of one archaeological period over another was reflected in the further development of archaeology in Serbia, so that medieval archaeology was treated as marginal and second-rate compared to others. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to contextualize Vasić’s approach through the methods used in the history of archaeology. The key research question thereof is how Miloje M. Vasić failed to document the burials at the Vinča site, which is the consequent reason why there is little to no documented evidence of them. The theoretical and methodological basis of the analysis is based on the approach of Gavin Lucas who views the creation of the primary field documentation as testimony. Lucas notes that the debate concerning knowledge production had drifted from merely an epistemological issue to a phenomenon centered around archaeological practice. Here the key questions have come to concern the social and material setting of knowledge production and not the objective coherence of the argument. Burials that were noted in Vasić’s documentation are categorized into four groups: 1) unwanted or medieval burials; 2) incidental burials originating from prehistory; 3) an “ossuary” from Vinča containing nine skeletons and 4) imagined multiple cremations based on one found cremation. Therefore, even while documenting several “lateral” prehistoric graves, he entirely omitted any thorough documentation of the medieval cemetery, considering them of less import. If there is any lesson that may be learned from this journey through the history of archaeological practice, it is that archaeological documentation as a form of testimony should be done ethically, adequately and responsibly. It should not be done according to the practices of the “bad science” of its founding-fathers.

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