Monasticism in Africa South of the Sahara

2020 ◽  
pp. 540-557
Author(s):  
Catherine Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Fifteenth

This chapter explores the intersections between European missionary outreach, political and commercial concerns, and the African reception and adaptation of Christianity south of the Sahara, beginning in the late fifteenth century ce and extending through the early twenty-first century. For the most part, missionaries, not monastics, spread the faith. The message from the outset was intertwined with political and commercial considerations—initially a trade in slaves, foodstuffs, and other commodities, and eventually, in the late nineteenth century, colonialism. Neither conquest nor evangelization proved formulaic or easy. In 1910, perhaps nine per cent of Africans were Christians, including those in the ancient north-eastern centres of Egypt and Ethiopia. By 2010, an estimated fifty per cent of Africans were Christians, most living south of the Sahara. Christianity has been redefined as an African faith, across a continuum that includes independent and indigenous interpretations, and, re-emerging in the twentieth century, a few Catholic monastics.

Rethinking Mahler

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Temporal Experience ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Historical Past

Gustav Mahler’s anniversary years (2010–11) have provided an opportunity to rethink the composer’s position within the musical, cultural and multi-disciplinary landscapes of the twenty-first century, as well as to reassess his relationship with the historical traditions of his own time. Comprising a collection of essays by leading and emerging scholars in the field, Rethinking Mahler in part counterbalances common scholarly assumptions and preferences which predominantly configure Mahler as proto-modernist, with hitherto somewhat neglected consideration of his debt to, and his re-imagining of, the legacies of his own historical past. It reassesses his engagement both with the immediate creative and cultural present of the late nineteenth century, and with the weight of a creative and cultural past that was the inheritance of artists living and working at that time. From a variety of disciplinary perspectives the contributors pursue ideas of nostalgia, historicism and ‘pastness’ in relation to an emergent pluralist modernity and subsequent musical-cultural developments. Mahler’s relationship with music, media and ideas past, present, and future is explored in three themed sections, addressing among them issues in structural analysis; cultural contexts; aesthetics; reception; performance, genres of stage, screen and literature; history/historiography; and temporal experience.

Gay Affections

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard P. Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Gay Identities

This chapter considers how gay identities—and so gay affections—were formed in the course of the twentieth century, building on the late nineteenth-century invention of the ‘homosexual’. It also considers earlier construals of same-sex affections and the people who had them, the soft men and hard women of the first century and the sodomites of the eleventh. It thus sketches a history of continuities and discontinuities, of overlapping identities and emotional possibilities. The chapter resists the assumption that gay identity and experience can be reduced to anything less than the multitude of gay people, and that as Christians they have to give an account of themselves in a way that heterosexual Christians do not. The chapter warns against thinking gay identity undone in Christ.

scholarly journals A shy hope in the heart? Religious journalism in Australia and the Kuyperian legacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R Pass
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Independent Media ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Media Company

This article explores points of contact between Abraham Kuyper’s legacy in the field of religious journalism and the Centre for Public Christianity, an independent media company at the forefront of Australian religious journalism. While the cultural, political, and religious setting of twenty–first century Australia could not be further removed from that of late nineteenth century Netherlands, these two approaches to religious journalism hold much potential for mutual resourcement. The points of contact identified indicate the possibility that Kuyperian principle holds considerable explanatory power for the praxis of the Centre for Public Christianity, just as the praxis of the Centre for Public Christianity exposes underdeveloped elements of Kuyperian principle.

Firearm “Rights” in Canada: Law and History in the Debates over Gun Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
R. Blake Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

AbstractThis article explains why and how some Canadians have asserted a right to possess firearms from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first century. It demonstrates that several late-nineteenth-century politicians asserted a right to arms for self-defence purposes based on the English Bill of Rights. This “right” was forgotten until opponents of gun control dusted it off in the late twentieth century. Firearm owners began to assert such a right based upon the English Bill of Rights, William Blackstone, and the English common law. Their claims remained judicially untested until recent cases finally undermined such arguments.

What’s the Matter with Ohio? Liberal Democracy and the Challenge of Irrationality

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-353
Author(s):  
Mitchum Huehls
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Small Town ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sherwood Anderson ◽  
Chantal Mouffe ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century

Abstract This essay mines 100 years of fiction about the irrationalities of small-town Ohio to ask whether liberal democracy can accommodate irrationality or is required, because of its double commitment to equality and liberty, to exclude it. Reading novels from Sherwood Anderson, William Gass, and Stephen Markley, I trace a trajectory from the late nineteenth century of Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio (1919), when irrationality partially grounded liberal community, to the twenty-first century of Markley’s Ohio (2018), when the irrationalities of violence, addiction, racism, and abuse constitute what I call “piteous solidarity,” a form of solidarity grounded on our shared inhumanity. I conclude by speculating that such piteous solidarity might represent “the mobilization of common affects in defense of equality and social justice” that Chantal Mouffe has recently argued is necessary for constituting the “we” of a left populism.

scholarly journals O Šokcima u mađarskim enciklopedijskim izdanjima

SlavVaria ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
STJEPAN BLAŽETIN
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Ideological Background ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century

About the inclusions of the „Šokac” ethnic group in Hungarian encyclopaedic texts. This work does not intend to answer who the „Šokac” ethnic group are, but rather to introduce the ways in which Hungarian encyclopaedic texts represent the „Šokac” people and outline what is emphasised in certain entries or texts that refer to them. The work scrutinises some of the most significant encyclopaedic volumes issued in the period between the years of the late-nineteenth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century. Such volumes are most often intended for the widest possible audience of readers, and therefore mirror the ideological background of their authors, editors, publishers and possibly the reigning authority of their time. In other words, these volumes serve as the reflection of the era they were created in. At the same time, they compile various aspects of scientific and scholarly research and its results, pertaining to the specific historical era of when they were issued.

scholarly journals Daniel Call’s Schocker: German Knittelvers in the late twentieth century

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
David Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Verse Form ◽  
Verse Forms ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The word “Knittelvers” has been used since the eighteenth century to describe four-stress rhyming couplets which seem to be rather simply and awkwardly constructed, and whose content is frequently comical, course, vulgar or obscene. Today German Knittelvers is perhaps best known from the works of Goethe and Schiller, as well as other late eighteenth and early nineteenth century writers.Well-known examples occur together with other verse forms in Goethe’s Faust and Schiller’s Wallensteins Lager, as well as in ballads and occasional poems by both poets. While literary critics have shown considerable interest in Knittelvers written from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century, there has been almost no discussion of the further use and development of this verse form from the nineteenth century to the present, despite the fact that it continues to appear in both humorous and serious works by many contemporary German writers. This article focuses on an example of dramatic Knittelvers in a late twentieth century play, namely Daniel Call’s comedy Schocker, a modern parody of Goethe’s Faust. Among other things, Call’s play, as well as other examples of Knittelvers in works by twentieth and early twenty-first century poets, demonstrates that while this verse form has undergone some changes and variations, it still retains metrical characteristics which have remained constant since the fifteenth century. Today these four-stress couplets continue to function as a means of depicting comic, mock-heroic and tragicomic situations by means of parody, farce and burlesque satire.

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