scholarly journals Variation in sugar maple root respiration with root diameter and soil depth

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Pregitzer ◽  
M. J. Laskowski ◽  
A. J. Burton ◽  
V. C. Lessard ◽  
D. R. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Root Respiration ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Root Diameter

scholarly journals DROUGHT REDUCES ROOT RESPIRATION IN SUGAR MAPLE FORESTS

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Burton ◽  
Kurt S. Pregitzer ◽  
Gregory P. Zogg ◽  
Donald R. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Root Respiration ◽  
Sugar Maple

scholarly journals Effect of measurement CO2 concentration on sugar maple root respiration

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Burton ◽  
G. P. Zogg ◽  
K. S. Pregitzer ◽  
D. R. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Root Respiration ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Co2 Concentration

Root and Shoot Responses to Salt Stress in Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonathan Ephrath ◽  
Alon Ben-Gal ◽  
Amnon Bustan ◽  
Lina Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Over Time

<p>Salinity affects plant growth due to both osmotic and ionic stress. The root system is essential in defense mechanisms against salinity, particularly involving salt ion avoidance or exclusion. Jojoba (<em>Simmondsia chinensis</em>) displays significant resistance to salinity. In the present study, Jojoba was planted in 60-L plastic buckets containing perlite growth medium and were provided with eight distinct salinity levels using two operating tanks of final irrigation solutions. Response of Jojoba to salinity was measured in above ground parameters and in roots using minirhizotron access tubes and imaging analysis. Leaf phosphorous and potassium concentrations decreased with increasing salinity level while leaf manganese, calcium, sodium and chloride concentrations increased with irrigation salinity level. Jojoba plants were found to have high level of storage of salt minerals in leaves but without effects on photosynthesis or transpiration. Roots exhibited different distribution patterns under different salinity treatments. Root length density increased with increased salinity at each depth. Root number and root length increased over time. During spring, the plant growth was faster than winter. Root diameter decreased over time due to new root development. Time had a more significant effect on root length density than irrigation water salinity or soil depth. Root number and root length were not significantly affected by the salt treatments.</p>

Microdistribution des espèces végétales au pied des troncs d'Acer saccharum dans une érablière du sud du Québec

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Forest Floor Vegetation ◽  
Nonrandom Pattern

This paper confirms the hypothesis that in a sugar maple – hickory forest, the forest floor vegetation growing near the base of Acer saccharum trunks is distributed following a nonrandom pattern. Bryophytes and herbaceous plants grow mostly near the trunk. In the same microhabitat, woody seedlings, dominated by Acer saccharum, seem unable to get established. This pattern is thought to be correlated with soil depth and the presence of stemflow. It is suggested that, in the community studied, the base of Acer saccharum trees constitutes an ecological niche essentially different from the rest of the forest floor.

Root distribution and demography in an avocado (Persea americana) orchard under groundcover management systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaya Atucha ◽  
Ian A. Merwin ◽  
Michael G. Brown ◽  
Francisco Gardiazabal ◽  
Francisco Mena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Competition ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Root Plasticity ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Root Longevity

The effect of groundcover management systems on root demography and distribution of newly planted avocado (Persea americana Mill) trees was examined using minirhizotron techniques. We evaluated three groundcover systems: (1) bare soil (BS), pre- and post-emergence herbicides; (2) vegetation strip (VS), post-emergence herbicide applied in a 1-m wide strip centred on the tree row plus a groundcover mixture seeded between tree rows; and (3) complete groundcover (GC), covering the entire surface of the plots. Root production was higher in the non-bearing year (2009–10) than in the bearing year (2010–11). Trees in the BS plots had more roots of bigger diameter in the top 30 cm of soil and trees in VS and GC plots had more roots in the 30–60 cm depth and of smaller diameter. Lifespan of spring-born roots were 61 and 59% greater than those born during autumn and summer, respectively and soil depth and root diameter were positively correlated with root longevity. Lifespan of thinner roots (<0.2 mm) in the BS and VS plots were 49 and 33% greater than GC respectively. Avocado trees grown in contrasting condition compared with their native habitat show high morphological root plasticity, in response to resource and non-resource competition when grown in mixed stands.

Estimation of coarse root biomass and nutrient content for sugar maple, jack pine, and black spruce using stem diameter at breast height

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Claude Camiré ◽  
Marcel Brazeau ◽  
Jean-David Moore
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Coarse Root ◽  
Breast Height

Estimates of belowground biomass and mineralomass are fundamental to understanding carbon and element cycling in forest ecosystems. At two sites, we measured coarse root (diameter ≥2 mm) biomass by diameter class and their mineralomass for sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.), black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), and jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees to relate them to stem diameter at breast height (DBH). All regressions describing coarse root biomass and nutrient content as a function of stem DBH were highly significant (r2 ≥ 0.89, P < 0.001). Root mineral element (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) concentrations varied with tree species and root diameter class. Sugar maple roots had higher N, P, and S concentrations than the other two tree species. Black spruce had higher root Ca concentrations. Element concentrations increased consistently with the reduction of root diameter for the three studied species. We also found that the horizontal root extent of sugar maple was related to tree DBH. In conjunction with other studies, the relationship suggests that this tree species could tolerate a 10%–20% root loss but not losses ≥28%–34%; otherwise, sugar maple health and vigour would be compromised in the short term.

scholarly journals Estimating fine root longevity in a temperate Norway spruce forest using three independent methods

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Gaul ◽  
Dietrich Hertel ◽  
Christoph Leuschner
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Root Longevity ◽  
Fine Root Longevity

The importance of root systems for C cycling depends crucially on fine root longevity. We investigated mean values for fine root longevity with root diameter, root C/N ratio and soil depth using radiocarbon (14C) analyses in a temperate Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] forest. In addition, we applied sequential soil coring and minirhizotron observations to estimate fine root longevity in the organic layer of the same stand. The mean radiocarbon age of C in fine roots increased with depth from 5 years in the organic layer to 13 years in 40–60 cm mineral soil depth. Similarly, the C/N ratios of fine root samples were lowest in the organic layer with a mean value of 24 and increased with soil depth. Roots >0.5 mm in diameter tended to live longer than those being <0.5 mm in diameter. By far the strongest variability in fine root longevity estimates was due to the chosen method of investigation, with radiocarbon analyses yielding much higher estimates (5.4 years) than sequential soil coring (0.9 years) and minirhizotron observations (0.7 years). We conclude that sequential soil coring and minirhizotron observations are likely to underestimate mean fine root longevity, and radiocarbon analyses may lead to an overestimation of mean root longevity.

Factors affecting transfer and spread of Phellinusweirii mycelium in roots of second-growth Douglas-fir

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg ◽  
G. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Successful Transfer

Effects of site, root diameter, soil depth of interroot contact, length of root surface in contact, type of contact, and relative position of roots were investigated on the frequency of transfer of Phellinusweirii (Murr.) Gilbertson mycelium between roots and its spread along roots of second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Successful transfer of P. weirii as ectotrophic or endotrophic mycelium occurred in 32 and 3%, respectively, of total number of interroot contacts. Unsuccessful transfers occurred in 4 and 62%, respectively, with the balance of contacts having undetermined transfers, owing to extension of mycelium to the root collar of both roots in contact. A Pseudotsuga–Polystichum site had a higher frequency of unsuccessful transfer than two Pseudotsuga–Gaultheria sites. Average root diameter was greater and average depth was less in contacts with successful transfers than in those with unsuccessful transfers. Type or length of contact or relative position of roots had no significant effects on transfers. There was a highly significant inverse relationship between root diameter and length of endotrophic mycelial spread as measured by decay column. The regression of endotrophic on ectotrophic mycelial spread along roots was highly significant for both proximal and distal spread. In most roots, ectotrophic mycelium had spread distally to the tip and proximally to the stump, whereas endotrophic mycelium had not.

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