scholarly journals Application of Biochar on the runoff purification performance of porous asphalt pavement

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawen Liu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
John Harvey ◽  
Hengji Zhang ◽  
Yu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Water Cleaning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infiltration Test

Abstract Biochar is currently applied in many low-impact development measures, such as biofilters and filter strips. However, its application in permeable pavement is limited. Due to the wide range of raw material sources, biochar may also contain nutrients and heavy metals. Whether its leachate will cause contamination during application remains unknown. Based on the static leachate contamination test, this study first evaluated the leachate contamination risks of three types of biochar and porous asphalt mixture (PA) with three biochar fillers. Through the pavement infiltration test, the purification performance of PA with biochar fillers and filter layers was further analysed. The results show that biochar contains nitrogen and phosphorus, and the leaching contamination of coconut shell is the most obvious; when the biochar is applied as a filler in PA, the leaching contamination decreases, while the pollutant purification performance is not obvious; when 3−5 mm rice straw biochar is used as a filter layer, the removal rate of total suspended solids can be 100%, but it is accompanied by more serious nitrogen and phosphorus leaching, and the greater the thickness, the more serious the degree of leaching. Deionized water cleaning can remove the phosphates contained in biochar, but have little effect on nitrogen. Therefore, before the application of biochar, cleaning measures should be taken to minimize its leaching contamination.

scholarly journals CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF OPPORTUNISTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE CREDENCE GOODS MARKET

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Maria Aleksandrovna Kolosova
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Credence Goods ◽  
Opportunistic Behavior ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Goods Market

The article studies the conditions favorable for the formation of opportunistic behavior of subjects of the credence goods market. The absence of a number of rules, which should govern social and legal relations in the sphere under the study, along with imperfection and inefficiency of the existing rules allowed to identify a group of institutional conditions for developing opportunism. The limitations of competition, the variability of the economic environment, wide range of differentiated products and the unevenness of their distribution, the dependence on external raw material sources form the group of market conditions. Impulsivity, suspiciousness and difficult predictability of the behavior of ordinary consumers, but also inherent in modern society the spiritual and moral decline form the group of socio-psychological conditions for opportunistic behavior. The article discusses in detail each of the groups, the examples of the Russian practice are given.

scholarly journals USING SUMFLOWER PROTEIN AS A COMPONENT OF FORCEMEATS FOR FROZEN SEMI-PROCESSED MINCED MEAT PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zhelieva ◽  
N. Kamsulinа ◽  
O. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sunflower Protein ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Sunflower Proteins ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The problem of how to remediate protein deficiency in the human diet can be solved by using new raw material sources or by consuming vegetable proteins, in particular, sunflower protein, more efficiently. Sunflower is high in biologically complete proteins with a wide range of functional properties. This makes it practical to use sunflower protein as a component of forcemeats for frozen semi- processed minced meat products. As this task is highly topical and promising, it has determined the direction of further research. The purpose of the research is to establish how sunflower protein affects the qualitative characteristics of forcemeat for frozen semi-processed minced meat products, and to specify the rational norms of using it in their composition. It has been studied how sunflower protein effects on the moisture-holding capacity of forcemeat. The results have shown a sharp increase in this parameter after introducing sunflower protein. It has been established that sunflower protein affects the processes of freezing and defrosting in forcemeat systems. However, it has no pronounced cryoprotective properties independent of  its concentration in a system, and the loss in weight during freezing the samples is but insignificant. Studying the effect of sunflower protein powder on the sensory, functional, and technological properties of forcemeat reveals positive dynamics and direct relationship between these characteristics and the concentration of sunflower protein. The losses in the weight of the semi-processed products during heat treatment have been analysed. The   data   obtained  have  shown  that   this   parameter   decreases   by 1.9 times when sunflower protein is used. Sensory evaluation of the samples has allowed establishing that the rational norm for sunflower protein as a forcemeat component is up to 10%. Thus, the research conducted prove that it is practical to use sunflower proteins as components of forcemeats for frozen semi-processed minced meat products. This will make the products more nutritious, allow controlling their amino acid composition, curtail the expenditure of raw meat, help control the rheological parameters, and expand the range of products.

scholarly journals Products from rabbit meat for a healthy diet: the creation of assortment lines, nutritional and biological value

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
L. V. Antipova ◽  
Y. A. Popova ◽  
A. V. Cherkasova
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
Mechanically Separated Meat ◽  
Rabbit Carcass ◽  
Minced Meat

The results of studies on the rational use of various anatomical sites of the rabbit carcass are presented. The current state of rabbit breeding on a global scale is considered. The data on the composition of tissues of various anatomical sites of rabbit carcasses are presented. It is proved that the meat of various parts of rabbit carcasses corresponds to the formula of a balanced diet in terms of amino acids, including essential ones. Recommendations on the allocation of cuts, as well as their use for the production of healthy foods. The improved schemes of cutting rabbit carcasses for the preparation of second courses, various types of baked, smoked and boiled and smoked products are presented. The technologies of production of hams rabbit " Holiday "of the hip and shoulder cuts, medallions of the longest back muscles, cutlets" Voronezh " of the hip, as well as smoked ribs and ribs in sauce for the second course. presented of the formulation emulsified and minced meat products mechanically separated meat. Indicators of quality of finished products, their amino acid composition, digestibility are defined. It is proved that the rational and purposeful use of different parts of rabbit carcasses in deep cutting allows to satisfy the needs of customers of all social strata. The absence of products from rabbit meat of deep cutting with a wide range of such products from pork and beef is shown in Russia. Noted that meat of different anatomic sites of the carcasses of rabbits covers more than 50% of the daily norm of consumption of animal protein, which can be attributed to the products of rabbit meat products of functional purpose without adding additional raw material sources.

scholarly journals Influence of filter layer positions and hydraulic retention time on removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by porous asphalt pavement

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Luo ◽  
Lin Guan ◽  
Zhaoqian Jing ◽  
Zeyu Zhang ◽  
Xiaobo Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Filter Layer

Abstract This study was aimed to investigate the removal processes of nitrogen (TN), NH4+-N and phosphorus (TP) from surface runoff by performing experiments on the filter layers in porous asphalt pavement (PAP). Experiments were conducted to compare the differences of the filter layer placed at the top, the middle or the bottom of PAP. The effects of retention time on the removal of the pollutants and the adsorption capacity of PAP materials were also investigated. Results indicated that the filter layer placed under the bed course improved the removal rates of pollutants compared to the other two cases on the whole. The concentration of TP in the effluent decreased by 80% after the 48 h retention time. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the positions of filter layers and the temporary retention time of surface runoff within the bed course of PAP were critical parameters for determining the removal processes of pollutants. Thus, a certain retention time for surface runoff in bed course is of great importance for PAP to serve as an effective low impact development technology for stormwater management.

Processing Technique and Impact Resistance of Kevlar/FPET/LPET Protective Nonwoven Fabrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Wen Lou ◽  
Shih Yu Huang ◽  
Jia Horng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nonwoven Fabrics ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Wide Range

Nonwoven fabric technique has been extensively used because nonwoven fabrics can uses both filaments and staple fibers and have ease of processing, a wide range of raw material sources, and a short production. This study makes protective nonwoven fabrics with Kevlar fibers, flame retardant polyester (FPET) fibers, and low-melting-point polyester (LPET) fibers. The number of lamination layers of the nonwoven fabric is varied and examined to determine their influence on the mechanical properties of the protective nonwoven fabrics. The results of test show that tensile strength and bursting strength of the protective nonwoven fabrics increase as a result of the increased number of lamination layer.

scholarly journals Prediction Model for Connected Voids Ratio of the Porous Asphalt Mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Zhaoyi He
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Equivalent Width ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Viscosity Parameter ◽  
Passing Rate ◽  
The Difference

The practice showed that the difficulty to precisely predict the water permeability of the asphalt mixture by porosity creates the problem of the discrepancy between the material design and its function. And in the porous asphalt mixture, it is the connected voids ratio that truly bears the function of water permeability. However, there are many factors influencing the connected voids, and their influence laws remain to be known. Having analyzed the effects of different technical parameter on connected voids, 135°C rotation viscosity parameter was chosen in this paper to study the influences of properties of the asphalt mixture on connected voids. The equivalent width among framework gaps was quantified. The relation between the equivalent width, passing ratio of key sieve, and connected voids was discussed, and hence the prediction model for connected voids was established. The research showed that asphalt mixture with high 135°C rotation viscosity of asphalt had smaller connected voids, but the viscosity had less influence on connected voids ratio of asphalt mixture with larger equivalent width among framework gaps. The larger the equivalent width among framework gaps, the bigger the connected voids ratio. The passing rate of 2.36 mm sieve increased; both voids ratio and connected voids ratio became smaller and the difference value between them increased. Since the limitations of the composite specimens limited the prediction range, when the passing rate of 2.36 mm gradation was too small, there was a huge difference between the prediction value and the actual value. This model can predict the connected voids ratio under the stage of gradation design, thus saving the experiment time, shortening the design period, and providing some guidance to the adjustment of the raw material choosing and gradation.

scholarly journals Specific Aspects in Assessing Economic Feasibility of Rare Earth Mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
V. Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Wide Range

An important up-to-date feature of the resources sector development is a rapid change of types and raw material sources as well as a wide range of conditions in which the processes of mineral resources development take place. The sources of rare earth elements are not an exception because the innovative nature of their development implies the use of new knowledge, technologies and approaches. Moreover, from an economic perspective, like any investment projects, such sources of raw materials require feasibility assessment and their investment effectiveness. Based on the above, the article analyzes an economic assessment of the development of new source of rare earth elements by the example of the Burann area of the Tomtor deposit in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Automation of Process Control in Chemical Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Agus Sugiarta ◽  
Houtman P. Siregar ◽  
Dedy Loebis
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inherent Problem

Automation of process control in chemical plant is an inspiring application field of mechatronicengineering. In order to understand the complexity of the automation and its application requireknowledges of chemical engineering, mechatronic and other numerous interconnected studies.The background of this paper is an inherent problem of overheating due to lack of level controlsystem. The objective of this research is to control the dynamic process of desired level more tightlywhich is able to stabilize raw material supply into the chemical plant system.The chemical plant is operated within a wide range of feed compositions and flow rates whichmake the process control become difficult. This research uses modelling for efficiency reason andanalyzes the model by PID control algorithm along with its simulations by using Matlab.

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