Social factors as the catalyst of emigration

The objective of the study is to address the factors contributing to emigration from Latvia, in particular by highlighting the importance of social factors in the emigration decision, using the theory of push and pull factors of migration as a theoretical basis. The role of the family and the desire to improve not only the economical, but also the social and psychological conditions of families are important factors in the decision-making process, while maintaining links with Latvia. The authors argue that social factors are essential to the migration decision alongside economic factors, and in particular the family situation. The family is a resource that helps to settle in the new country of residence. The family relationship is addressed in terms of both “ontological security” and a feeling of “social anchoring”. The family remains important in maintaining links with relatives in Latvia.

Embodied metaphor in communication about lived experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China

The study investigated how a group of 27 Wuhan citizens employed metaphors to communicate about their lived experiences of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic through in-depth individual interviews. The analysis of metaphors reflected the different kinds of emotional states and psychological conditions of the research participants, focusing on their mental imagery of COVID-19, extreme emotional experiences, and symbolic behaviors under the pandemic. The results show that multiple metaphors were used to construe emotionally-complex, isolating experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most metaphorical narratives were grounded in embodied sensorimotor experiences such as body parts, battling, hitting, weight, temperature, spatialization, motion, violence, light, and journeys. Embodied metaphors were manifested in both verbal expressions and nonlinguistic behaviors (e.g., patients’ repetitive behaviors). These results suggest that the bodily experiences of the pandemic, the environment, and the psychological factors combine to shape people’s metaphorical thinking processes.

Improving School Health Literacy for Teachers-Students-Parents as Steps to Control Covid-19 Transmission Regarding School Re-Opening Attempts

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has changed all activities into nearly completed by online action. in online teaching and learning activities, students interact a little and less socializing with peers who are feared to affect the level of students’ confidence and ability to socialize during teaching and learning activities in class re-opening. Purpose: To prepare mental and psychological conditions of students in offline teaching and learning activities, also pays attention to measure the readiness of teachers in school re-opening attempt. Methods: Prepare mental condition and psychic students in offline teaching and learning activities, by increasing the readiness of teachers in the implementation of offline teaching and learning activities, as well as assessing the effectiveness of students’ psychological and mental character development activities in facing offline teaching and learning activities. Results: The results of the pre-test about the readiness to release the child during the teaching and learning process carried out offline in the midst of the Covid-19 Pandemic dominated by the answer “Very” not ready” with a percentage of 43.80%; “ready” answers as many as 30.43%. In addition, respondents the percentage of those who choose the “Ready” option in the post-test is higher, namely 26.09% compared to the pre-test which was only 7.44%. Conclusion: Efforts are applied to prepare students’ physical and psychological conditions in offline teaching and learning activities in anticipation of the impact of post-based education digital service carried out by the community service team are successfully triggered the readiness of teachers and facilities at the school is considered to be ready, based on after consideration carry out three work programs that are reviewed from very good facilities adequate, strictly enforced health protocols, as well as teaching staff who are able to carry out health promotion campaigns withfluent.

The Cognitive Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Members of the General Population in Italy: A Preliminary Study on Executive Inhibition

The pandemic period which has characterized the last two years has been associated with increasingly worsening psychological conditions, and previous studies have reported severe levels of anxiety, mood disorder, and psychopathological alteration in the general population. In particular, worldwide populations have appeared to present post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Surprisingly, no studies have evaluated the effect of COVID-related PTSS on cognitive functioning. This study focused on the association between high levels of PTSS related to COVID-19 and alterations in executive functioning by considering executive inhibitions in populations not infected by the virus. Ninety respondents from the Italian population participated in the study. A higher percentage of PTSS was reported. Moreover, respondents with high post-traumatic symptomatology presented deficits in the inhibition of preponderant responses, demonstrating an executive deficit which could be expressed by a difficulty in controlling goal-directed actions. This was underlined by worse performances in elaborating incongruent stimuli in the Stroop task and no-go stimuli in the Go/No-Go task. This report presents preliminary findings underlining the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive functions. The results confirmed a persistently higher post-traumatic symptomatology related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Italian population and highlighted an association with cognitive inhibition impairment.

Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality in Psychological Health

Intergenerational transmission explains the continuity in behavior and personality of individuals across generations due to genetic as well as non-genetic causes. Both determinants affect individuals and increase their susceptibility to develop psychological health problems similar to the ones experienced by their parents. Psychological health of offsprings is impacted by their parents’ mental illness which causing children to be unable to adequately and positively contribute to their children’s healthy development. Extensive literature review depicts intergenerational transmission of various psychological conditions ranging from PTSD, depression, anxiety, conduct issues or even schizophrenia, among many others. Proposed models offering explanation of Intergenerational Transmission point towards social learning theories, attachment theories, psychodynamic theories and Integrative theories which mentions an overlap between genetic and environmental factors to explain the transmission. Intervention strategies of early detection and intervention, working with the affected parents and including family in therapy have been discussed. Working on the parent-child relationship, building resilience, promoting building up of protective factors is also mentioned as intervention techniques. Finally, some limitations and directions of future researches have been proposed.

Stigmatisasi dan Pembentukan Solidaritas Kolektif dalam Perkembangan COVID-19 di Jawa Timur

Stigma develops from places that are vulnerable to the spread of COVID-19. Stigma has an impact on socio-psychological conditions that cause mass complaints. This stigma causes people to feel panicked and eventually leads to paranoia. In accordance with the development of conditions related to COVID-19, this study aims to analyze the pattern of developing stigma and its anticipation pattern through the formation of collective solidarity. This research uses a mixed method approach. Data were analyzed and supported using SPSS 16 and Nvivo 12. Includes elements of social stigma, collective solidarity, anxiety, and attitudes to vaccines. The results show that there are several effects of stigma such as health risks, exclusion, anxiety, life discomfort, psychological disorders, reduced social and emotional capital, breaking of family ties and social solidarity that work as barriers to social welfare. The relationship between stigma and collective solidarity in this research is to fight misconceptions, misinformation and stigmatization, in which community members directly support each other, become volunteers, compose songs about COVID, hold lecture on the wisdom during the pandemic, and present humor that can strengthen the community and reduce the level of stigmatization in COVID-19 patients. In the formation of collective solidarity, namely using sympathetic narratives, communication methods that provide motivation to heal, mutually reinforcing attitudes, donation and sharing movements, strengthening social sensitivity, as well as active involvement of the private and public sectors. In the private and public sectors, especially for hospitals, this is done by allocating the state budget and providing better health management.

Legal Policy of Child Marriage In the Covid-19 Pandemic Period

The increase in marriage dispensation applications that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic also caused the high number of child marriage. Nevertheless, this has been strictly required in Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage (Marital Law), the minimum age limit for men and women is 19 years, and requirements of irregularities for this age that must meet urgent criteria and sufficient support evidence. This is done, to reduce underage child marriages as a form of enforcing the principle of children's best interests. This paper describes the complexity of underage children's marriage during the Covid-19 pandemic period, as a convenience requirement of marriage dispensation has been set rigid in the Marriage act. The method used in this paper is normative by using several approaches: the statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. The results of the government's policy during the Covid-19 pandemic period which brought massive changes to the community's order had an impact on the collapse of the family economy. This resulted in the mass number of the child's marriages in the pandemic period. The research findings of this study deliver to children's rights violations through child marriages. The risk of decreasing individual economies, maternal and infant health, and household violence become unavoidable considering the psychological conditions of children who are immature in marriage.

Research on the urban identity of inter-provincial mobile university students (The example of Wuhan university students)

With the booming development of higher education, increasingly inter-provincial mobile university students are emerging. As part of the migrant population, their psychological conditions as well as their living conditions need attention. Taking Wuhan, a city with 84 universities, as an example, this survey assesses students' sense of urban identity, examines the influencing factors and gives advice and suggestions for three universities.

The Impact of Hyperthecosis on Sporting Performance of Female Players

Testosterone is an anabolic hormone that increases muscle mass and strength, stimulates erythropoiesis, promotes competitive behavior and enhances the sporting performance of female athletes. A comparative study was designed on forty female athletes who were selected from the three public and private sector universities of Lahore, they had been diagnosed with HTC by a qualified gynecologist based on clinical features and lab tests. At the same time, a healthy group of female athletes (n=40) was selected from participants of the same population and having regular menses and showed no clinical features of HTC. The main objectives of the study included: 1) to compare both the groups of female athletes on clinical features of HTC, and 2) to compare both the groups on self-perceived sports performance. Data collection was done using two different instruments involving the “Hyperthecosis Questionnaire (HTCQ)” and “Athlete’s Subjective Performance Scale (ASPS)”. Data analyses involved descriptive analysis followed by an “Independent Sample t test’ to compare the physical and psychological impact of HTC and ANOVA was applied to analyze the impact of HTC on sports performance. There were significant differences between female athletes with HTC and those with Non-HTC on physical and psychological conditions. It can be concluded that female athletes with HTC were more concerned about their physical and psychological conditions. Moreover, their sporting performance was statistically significantly higher than Non-HTC athletes, which is attributed to higher energy levels caused by HTC itself.