scholarly journals An Assessment Model for Rating High-Threat Crop Pathogens

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Schaad ◽  
J. Abrams ◽  
L. V. Madden ◽  
R. D. Frederick ◽  
D. G. Luster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Rating Model ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Threat

Natural, accidental, and deliberate introductions of nonindigenous crop pathogens have become increasingly recognized as threats to the U.S. economy. Given the large number of pathogens that could be introduced, development of rapid detection methods and control strategies for every potential agent would be extremely difficult and costly. Thus, to ensure the most effective direction of resources a list of high-threat pathogens is needed. We address development of a pathogen threat assessment model based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) that can be applied world-wide, using the United States as an illustrative example. Previously, the AHP has been shown to work well for strategic planning and risk assessment. Using the collective knowledge of subject matter expert panels incorporated into commercial decision-making software, 17 biological and economic criteria were determined and given weights for assessing the threat of accidental or deliberately introduced pathogens. The rating model can be applied by experts on particular crops to develop threat lists, especially those of high priority, based on the current knowledge of individual diseases.

Caligids-potential pathogens for marine finfish aquaculture in Mexico?

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
Francisco Neptalí Morales-Serna ◽  
Juan Manuel Martínez-Brown ◽  
Rosa Maria Medina-Guerrero ◽  
Emma Josefina Fajer-Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Parasitic Copepods ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Control ◽  
Finfish Aquaculture

Parasitic copepods of the family Caligidae, the so-called sea lice, may be deleterious to marine or brackish finfish aquaculture. To date, biological and ecological studies of sea lice have been mostly restricted to species from cold or temperate regions. In Mexico there are some records of sea lice species on marine fishes; however, the research regarding their biology and ecology has been scarce. It is possible that a high biodiversity of sea lice is distributed in coastal waters of Mexico; therefore, their significance as pathogenic parasites should increase. The purpose of this review is to outline the current knowledge of the life cycle, host location, ecology, effect on fish health, and control strategies of sea lice in order to establish supportive basis for natural resource management and control of parasites and diseases of marine fish cultured in Mexico.

A Methodology for Identifying Ergonomics Risk Factors and Measuring the Results of Implementation of Corrective Actions

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 717-721
Author(s):  
Marilyn Joyce ◽  
Andrew J. Marcotte ◽  
Richard Barker ◽  
Edward J. Klinenberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Office Environments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Administrative Tasks

A methodology for identifying ergonomics risk factors and control strategies in office environments has been developed and pilot tested. Developed as part of an overall ergonomics program being implemented by the United States Air Force, the employees impacted include both civilian and military personnel performing a wide range of administrative tasks typically performed in offices. The research design included: a focused literature review; strategic site visits; and review of criteria established by the Air Force; an iterative developmental process of a Screening Survey and an Ergonomics Assessment Methodology Guide; and testing. The results indicate that the process can be used as an effective means for identifying and controlling ergonomics hazards in administrative work areas.

scholarly journals TLC-Based Bioassay to Isolate Kairomones from Tea Tree Essential Oil That Attract Male Mediterranean Fruit Flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Nurhayat Tabanca ◽  
Jerome Niogret ◽  
Paul E. Kendra ◽  
Nancy D. Epsky
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Tea Tree

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) poses a major threat to fruit and vegetable production in the United States and throughout the world. New attractants and detection methods could improve control strategies for this invasive pest. In this study, we developed a method that combined thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of tea tree essential oil (TTO) (Melaleuca alternifolia) with short-range bioassays to isolate attractive kairomones for male C. capitata. After development, the TLC chromatogram indicated that TTO separated into five major spots, designated as zones 1 to 5. When the TLC plate was exposed to flies, zones 1 and 3 were strongly attractive to male C. capitata. To confirm activity, the developed TLC plate was cut into five zones which were then tested in short-range bioassays. Again, flies were observed to aggregate around zones 1 and 3, which corresponded with Rf values of 0.93 and 0.59. In addition, zones 1 to 5 were separated using preparative-TLC, and olfactory responses to volatile emissions from the five fractions were quantified by electroantennography (EAG). Highest amplitude EAG responses were recorded with fractions 1 and 3, further supporting the bioactivity of these samples. In conclusion, a TLC-based bioassay system can provide an effective, rapid screening protocol for initial isolation of insect kairomones from complex mixtures such as essential oils or plant extracts. Further analysis of TTO fractions 1 and 3 is needed to identify the specific constituents attractive to male C. capitata.

scholarly journals N-SITE: A DISTRIBUTED CONSENSUS BUILDING AND NEGOTIATION SUPPORT SYSTEM

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 123-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADJID TAVANA ◽  
DENNIS T. KENNEDY
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
Group Decision Support System ◽  
Negotiation Support ◽  
Distributed Consensus ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Strategic Assessment

This paper presents N-Site, a distributed consensus building and negotiation support system, which is used to provide geographically dispersed teams with agile access to a Web-based group decision support system. Four teams located in France, Mexico, the Ukraine, and the United States participated in the N-Site project. Each team was required to research the problem using the World Wide Web (WWW). With this background, each team identified opportunities, threats and alternatives as a basis for developing a response to the Cuban Missile Crisis that confronted President Kennedy in October 1962. The strategic assessment model (SAM) (M. Tavana, J. Multi-Criteria Decision Anal.11 (2002) 75–96; M. Tavana and S. Banerjee, Decision Sci.26 (1995) 119–143.) was used by each team to choose a strategy that best fit the team's perspective. SAM and WWW enabled the teams to evaluate strategic alternatives and build consensus based on a series of intuitive and analytical methods including environmental scanning, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and subjective probabilities. The WWW was used to achieve interaction among the international teams as they attempted to negotiate a decision framework and select a diplomatic response. The project was assessed with a Web-distributed survey instrument. This use of the WWW has implications for international diplomacy as well as global business.

Detection Method and Control Strategy of Active Power for Wind Farm Connected into Grid

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 2962-2966
Author(s):  
Chun Guang Tian ◽  
De Xin Li ◽  
Li Xia Cai ◽  
Tian Dong ◽  
Xiao Juan Han
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
And Control ◽  
Huge Challenge

As one of main clean energies, wind power has been developed fast, but the fluctuations of active power at a wind farm is a huge challenge for the grid system, thus it is essential for wind farm connected into grid to detection the active power. This paper studied control strategies and detection methods of the active power at a wind farm. Simulation results showed the effective detection of active power at a wind farm can improve the characteristics of the grid and the ability of wind farm to regulate the grid and increase the scheduled ability of wind farm.

Ecology and Control of Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica) After Spring Wheat Harvest

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Schillinger
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Salsola Iberica ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Erosion

Russian thistle is the most problematic broadleaf weed for spring-sown crops in the low-precipitation (< 340 mm yr−1) region of the inland Pacific Northwest of the United States. A 6-yr field experiment was conducted at Lind, WA, to evaluate three postharvest control strategies for Russian thistle in continuous annual spring wheat. Postharvest treatments were (1) tillage with low-disturbance overlapping undercutter V-blade sweeps; (2) paraquat + diuron at the labeled rate, which is widely used by farmers; and (3) an untreated check (letting Russian thistle grow unhindered). The undercutter V-sweep consistently killed all Russian thistle with essentially no residue burial, and no seed was produced. In contrast, the paraquat + diuron treatment halted Russian thistle dry biomass production, but plants continued to extract soil water and produce an average of 310 seeds m−2on the lower branches. In the check, Russian thistle produced an average of 700 kg ha−1postharvest dry biomass and 5,670 seeds m−2. The undercutter V-sweep treatment had significantly more water in the 180-cm soil profile at time of wheat harvest, after a killing frost in October, and in mid March as well as greater spring wheat grain yield compared with the herbicide and check treatments. Results show that postharvest tillage with an undercutter V-sweep consistently achieved 100% control, retained ample wheat residue on the surface to control erosion, and was by far the most effective treatment in this experiment.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Stall Control Techniques in Industrial Fans

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bianchi ◽  
Alessandro Corsini ◽  
Anthony G. Sheard ◽  
Cecilia Tortora
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Stall Inception ◽  
Stall Margin ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
And Control

This paper reviews modelling and interpretation advances of industrial fan stall phenomena, related stall detection methods, and control technologies. Competing theories have helped engineers refine fan stability and control technology. With the development of these theories, three major issues have emerged. In this paper, we first consider the interplay between aerodynamic perturbations and instability inception. An understanding of the key physical phenomena that occurs with stall inception is critical to alleviate stall by design or through active or passive control methods. We then review the use of passive and active control strategies to improve fan stability. Whilst historically compressor design engineers have used passive control techniques, recent technologies have prompted them to install high-response stall detection and control systems that provide industrial fan designers with new insight into how they may detect and control stall. Finally, the paper reviews the methods and prospects for early stall detection to complement control systems with a warning capability. Engineers may use an effective real-time stall warning system to extend a fan’s operating range by allowing it to operate safely at a reduced stall margin. This may also enable the fan to operate in service at a more efficient point on its characteristic.

scholarly journals A Threat Assessment Model under Uncertain Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Deng
Keyword(s):  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Interval Number ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Optimal Interval ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Threat evaluation is extremely important to decision makers in many situations, such as military application and physical protection systems. In this paper, a new threat assessment model based on interval number to deal with the intrinsic uncertainty and imprecision in combat environment is proposed. Both objective and subjective factors are taken into consideration in the proposed model. For the objective factors, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to search out an optimal interval number representing all the attribute values of each object. In addition, for the subjective factors, the interval Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is adopted to determine each object’s threat weight according to the experience of commanders/experts. Then a discounting method is proposed to integrate the objective and subjective factors. At last, the ideal of Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied to obtain the threat ranking of all the objects. A real application is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

scholarly journals 013 Investigations of Curative and Peventive Control Strategies for Fairy Ring Disease in Turfgrass

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 390B-390
Author(s):  
M. Fidanza ◽  
P. Colbaugh ◽  
H. Couch ◽  
M. Elliott ◽  
S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Nitrogen Fertility ◽  
High Pressure Injection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

Fairy ring has become a troublesome and persistent disease on golf course putting greens and other turf areas in most regions of the United States. Many basidiomycete fungi are associated with this destructive disease in turfgrass. Recent widespread epidemics of fairy ring have led investigators to examine possible management and control options. Curative approaches include topical flutolanil fungicide applications in conjunction with soil surfactants, the application of flutolanil under high-pressure injection, and the use of nitrogen fertility programs. These curative programs were effective at suppressing visual symptoms and turfgrass injury. A preventive approach evaluated repeat applications of flutolanil plus a soil surfactant prior to disease development. This preventive program was effective at eliminating visual disease symptoms on bermudagrass putting greens. Information presented will review results from field research studies conducted over the past 3 years in Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, and Virginia.

scholarly journals Prevalence, determination, and control of histamine formation in food concerning food safety aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Chuyen Hoang ◽  
Thi-Van Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Do Le
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Histamine Formation ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Histamine is a toxic metabolite produced in foods containing a high level of free histidine. This compound can be present in various food sources, especially seafood, dairy products, and fermented foods. Histamine poisoning is one of the most common health risks caused by consuming spoiled foods or improper processed and stored foods. This food poisoning usually causes mild symptoms with higher recovery rates, so people underestimate this hazard. Thus, understanding histamine formation food sources with a high risk for this poisonous agent is critical in improving the awareness of this hazard for food producers and consumers. To avoid histamine-associated food poisoning, the development of control solutions to minimize the formation of histamine and the sufficient detection methods to examine the content of this metabolite in food products are vital. In addition to quality control application and hazards management programs in food processing, the appropriate food regulations identifying the precise limit of histamine in foods are essential for preventing this poisoning from occurring in the food supply chain. This review discusses the prevalence, control strategies, detection techniques, and regulations related to histamine hazards in foods.

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