CHRONIC ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION AND BLOCKS INTRACTABLE TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURES*

Local evoked potentials (LEPs), recorded in response to electrical stimulation, were used to study functional connectivity between different sites of the temporal lobe. Permanent electrodes were implanted in anterior and posterior positions of both inferotemporal cortex (IT) and hippocampal formation (HF). In each experimental session, one of these four sites was stimulated and LEPs were recorded in the others. Clear LEPs were found in the anterior and posterior IT sites in response to stimulation of the anterior as well as posterior HF. Bidirectional connections (as judged by the potentials) were found between the anterior and posterior sites of the same structure (IT or HF). The timing of the LEPs indicates that much of the response was carried in multisynaptic circuits. Stimulation delivered just after the monkey made a saccade produced larger late components in the LEPs than the same stimulation delivered without a saccade. The influence was maximal when the delay between the end of the saccade and the electrical stimulation was in the range of 50–100 ms. This saccadic modulation of the functional connectivity was observed within IT (bidirectional) and between posterior HF and IT (unidirectional).

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A new system for chronic electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion

Pain ◽

10.1016/0304-3959(84)90471-8 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. S227

Author(s):

M. Meglio

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Trigeminal Ganglion ◽

Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽

New System ◽

Stimulation Of

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The mechanism and effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus for treatment of Parkinson disease

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2004.100.6.0997 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 997-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mitsuhiro Ogura ◽

Naoyuki Nakao ◽

Ekini Nakai ◽

Yuji Uematsu ◽

Toru Itakura

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Parkinson Disease ◽

Globus Pallidus ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Content Type ◽

Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽

Fine Print ◽

Stimulation Of

Object. Although chronic electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus (GP) has been shown to ameliorate motor disabilities in Parkinson disease (PD), the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. In this study the authors explored the mechanism for the effects of deep brain stimulation of the GP by investigating the changes in neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the stimulation. Methods. Thirty patients received chronic electrical stimulation of the GP internus (GPi). Clinical effects were assessed using the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale at 1 week before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. One day after surgery, CSF samples were collected through a ventricular tube before and 1 hour after GPi stimulation. The concentration of neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, dopamine, and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the CSF was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The treatment was effective for tremors, rigidity, and drug-induced dyskinesia. The concentration of GABA in the CSF increased significantly during stimulation, although there were no significant changes in the level of noradrenaline, dopamine, and HVA. A comparison between an increased rate of GABA concentration and a lower UPDRS score 6 months postimplantation revealed that the increase in the GABA level correlated with the stimulation-induced clinical effects. Conclusions. Stimulation of the GPi substantially benefits patients with PD. The underlying mechanism of the treatment may involve activation of GABAergic afferents in the GP.

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Improved Dexterity after Chronic Electrical Stimulation of the Motor Cortex for Central Pain: A Special Relevance for Thalamic Syndrome

Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery ◽

10.1159/000338681 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 370-378

Author(s):

Christophe Nuti ◽

François Vassal ◽

Patrick Mertens ◽

Jean-Jacques Lemaire ◽

Michel Magnin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Motor Cortex ◽

Central Pain ◽

Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽

Special Relevance ◽

Stimulation Of

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Chronic Electrical Stimulation of the VL-VPL Complex and of the Pallidum in the Treatment of Movement Disorders: Personal Experience since 1982

Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery ◽

10.1159/000098599 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 62 (1-4) ◽

pp. 71-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Jean Siegfried ◽

Bodo Lippitz

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Movement Disorders ◽

Personal Experience ◽

Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

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Chronic Electrical Stimulation of the Otolith Organ: Preliminary Results in Humans with Bilateral Vestibulopathy and Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Audiology and Neurotology ◽

10.1159/000503600 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (Suppl. 1-2) ◽

pp. 79-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Angel Ramos Macias ◽

Angel Ramos de Miguel ◽

Isaura Rodriguez Montesdeoca ◽

Silvia Borkoski Barreiro ◽

Juan Carlos Falcón González

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽

Head Impulse Test ◽

Clinical Test ◽

Otolith Organ ◽

Bilateral Vestibulopathy ◽

Vestibular Loss ◽

Bilateral Vestibular Loss ◽

Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

Introduction: Bilateral vestibulopathy is an important cause of imbalance that is misdiagnosed. The clinical management of patients with bilateral vestibular loss remains difficult as there is no clear evidence for an effective treatment. In this paper, we try to analyze the effect of chronic electrical stimulation and adaptation to electrical stimulation of the vestibular system in humans when stimulating the otolith organ with a constant pulse train to mitigate imbalance due to bilateral vestibular dysfunction (BVD). Methods: We included 2 patients in our study with BVD according to Criteria Consensus of the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. Both cases were implanted by using a full-band straight electrode to stimulate the otoliths organs and simultaneously for the cochlear stimulation we use a perimodiolar electrode. Results: In both cases Vestibular and clinical test (video head impulse test, videonistagmography cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, cVEMP and oVEMP), subjective visual vertical test, computerized dynamic posturography, dynamic gait index, Time UP and Go test and dizziness handicap index) were performed. Posture and gait metrics reveal important improvement if compare with preoperartive situation. Oscillopsia, unsteadiness, independence and quality of life improved to almost normal situation. Discussion/Conclusion: Prosthetic implantation of the otolith organ in humans is technically feasible. Electrical stimulation might have potential effects on balance and this is stable after 1 year follow-up. This research provides new possibilities for the development of vestibular implants to improve gravito-inertial acceleration sensation, in this case by the otoliths stimulation.

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Chronic Electrical Stimulation of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve in the Rat: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8090369 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 369

Author(s):

Kaori Iimura ◽

Nobuhiro Watanabe ◽

Philip Milliken ◽

Yee-Hsee Hsieh ◽

Stephen J. Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Disease Model ◽

Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation of myelinated afferent fibers of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) facilitates calcitonin secretion from the thyroid gland in anesthetized rats. In this study, we aimed to quantify the electrical SLN stimulation-induced systemic calcitonin release in conscious rats and to then clarify effects of chronic SLN stimulation on bone mineral density (BMD) in a rat ovariectomized disease model of osteoporosis. Cuff electrodes were implanted bilaterally on SLNs and after two weeks recovery were stimulated (0.5 ms, 90 microampere) repetitively at 40 Hz for 8 min. Immunoreactive calcitonin release was initially measured and quantified in systemic venous blood plasma samples from conscious healthy rats. For chronic SLN stimulation, stimuli were applied intermittently for 3–4 weeks, starting at five weeks after ovariectomy (OVX). After the end of the stimulation period, BMD of the femur and tibia was measured. SLN stimulation increased plasma immunoreactive calcitonin concentration by 13.3 ± 17.3 pg/mL (mean ± SD). BMD in proximal metaphysis of tibia (p = 0.0324) and in distal metaphysis of femur (p = 0.0510) in chronically SLN-stimulated rats was 4–5% higher than that in sham rats. Our findings demonstrate chronic electrical stimulation of the SLNs produced enhanced calcitonin release from the thyroid gland and partially improved bone loss in OVX rats.

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Treatment of idiopathic head drop (camptocephalia) by deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2008.9.17659 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 110 (6) ◽

pp. 1271-1273 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Damianos E. Sakas ◽

Ioannis G. Panourias ◽

Efstathios J. Boviatsis ◽

Marios S. Themistocleous ◽

Lambis C. Stavrinou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Globus Pallidus ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Globus Pallidus Internus ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽

Lying Down ◽

Deep Brain ◽

Stimulation Of

Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus has been shown to be beneficial in a small number of patients suffering from axial dystonias. However, it has not yet been reported as an effective treatment for the alleviation of idiopathic head drop. The authors describe a 49-year-old woman with idiopathic cervical dystonia (camptocephalia) who was unable to raise her head > 30° when standing or sitting; her symptoms would abate when lying down. This disabling neurological condition was treated successfully with bilateral chronic electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus internus.

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