scholarly journals Round-trip across the Sahara: Afrotropical Painted Lady butterflies recolonize the Mediterranean in early spring

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 20180274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Talavera ◽  
Clément Bataille ◽  
Dubi Benyamini ◽  
Martin Gascoigne-Pees ◽  
Roger Vila
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Vanessa Cardui ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Work Supports

The Palearctic–African migratory circuit has been typically associated with birds. Very few insects are known to endure annual trans-Saharan circuits, but the Painted Lady butterfly ( Vanessa cardui ) is an exception. While it was demonstrated that this species massively migrates from Europe to the Afrotropics during the autumn, the existence of a reverse migration from the Afrotropics to Europe in the early spring remains hypothetical. Here, we analysed wing stable hydrogen isotope values (δ 2 H) of V. cardui migrants collected from February to April across the circum-Mediterranean region. We assessed their region of natal origin by comparing their wing isotope signature predicted δ 2 H values (isoscape). The results unambiguously demonstrate a sub-Saharan origin for many individuals, especially those collected in February, representing the first tangible evidence for a reverse northwards trans-Saharan migration in spring. This work supports the view that the Afrotropics (mostly exploited from September to February) is key in the V. cardui Palearctic–African population dynamics. This species relies on both temperate and tropical habitats to complete their multigenerational cycle, an unprecedented adaptation for butterflies and for most migratory insects. Such a migratory circuit has strong parallelisms with those of migratory birds.

scholarly journals Long-distance autumn migration across the Sahara by painted lady butterflies: exploiting resource pulses in the tropical savannah

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 20160561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantí Stefanescu ◽  
David X. Soto ◽  
Gerard Talavera ◽  
Roger Vila ◽  
Keith A. Hobson
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Resource Pulses ◽  
Vanessa Cardui ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Mixed Origin ◽  
Northwestern Africa

The painted lady, Vanessa cardui , is a migratory butterfly that performs an annual multi-generational migration between Europe and North Africa. Its seasonal appearance south of the Sahara in autumn is well known and has led to the suggestion that it results from extremely long migratory flights by European butterflies to seasonally exploit the Sahel and the tropical savannah. However, this possibility has remained unproven. Here, we analyse the isotopic composition of butterflies from seven European and seven African countries to provide new support for this hypothesis. Each individual was assigned a geographical natal origin, based on its wing stable hydrogen isotope (δ 2 H w ) value and a predicted δ 2 H w basemap for Europe and northern Africa. Natal assignments of autumn migrants collected south of the Sahara confirmed long-distance movements (of 4000 km or more) starting in Europe. Samples from Maghreb revealed a mixed origin of migrants, with most individuals with a European origin, but others having originated in the Sahel. Therefore, autumn movements are not only directed to northwestern Africa, but also include southward and northward flights across the Sahara. Through this remarkable behaviour, the productive but highly seasonal region south of the Sahara is incorporated into the migratory circuit of V. cardui .

scholarly journals Assessing dispersal in threatened migratory birds using stable hydrogen isotope (δD) analysis of feathers

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
SL Van Wilgenburg ◽  
KA Hobson ◽  
KR Brewster ◽  
JM Welker
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope

scholarly journals Migratory Movements of Sharp-Shinned Hawks (Accipiter Striatus) Captured in New Mexico in Relation to Prevalence, Intensity, and Biogeography of Avian Hematozoa

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-846
Author(s):  
Ruth B. Smith ◽  
Ellis C. Greiner ◽  
Blair O. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Accipiter Striatus ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope Ratios

Abstract Previous interspecific studies have shown that migratory birds have a higher prevalence of blood parasites than nonmigratory birds. It is thought that birds that move greater distances are exposed to a larger parasite fauna, because of uneven distribution of vectors that carry such parasites. Current hypotheses also suggest that the stress of migration may allow parasites to persist, by weakening the immune system and allowing latent infections to recur. We captured migrating hatching-year Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus) in New Mexico and estimated natal latitudes of each individual by analyzing stable-hydrogen isotope ratios of feathers. That enabled us to estimate distances traveled up to point of capture. We also collected blood to quantify hematozoan infection prevalence and intensity. We related distance traveled to prevalence and intensity of hematozoan infections. Contrary to previous hypotheses, our results show no relationship between distance traveled by migrants and prevalence and intensity of hematozoan infections. Of 75 individuals examined, 24% were infected with Leucocytozoon toddi, 37% with Haemoproteus elani, and 5% with H. janovyi. To our knowledge, this is the first documented occurrence of H. janovyi in North America and in Sharp-shinned Hawks. Our stable-hydrogen isotope analyses indicated that H. janovyi was detected only in birds that originated in southwestern North America, which may be of significance in regard to biogeography of that parasite species.

scholarly journals Mass spectrometric measurement of hydrogen isotope fractionation for the reactions of chloromethane with OH and Cl

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Keppler ◽  
Enno Bahlmann ◽  
Markus Greule ◽  
Heinz Friedrich Schöler ◽  
Julian Wittmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Measurement ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Chlorine Radicals ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope

Abstract. Chloromethane (CH3Cl) is an important provider of chlorine to the stratosphere but yet lacks detailed knowledge of its budget. Stable isotope analysis is potentially a powerful tool to constrain CH3Cl flux estimates. The largest degree of isotope fractionation is expected to occur for deuterium in CH3Cl in the hydrogen abstraction reactions with its main sink reactant tropospheric OH and its minor sink reactant Cl atoms. We determined the isotope fractionation by stable hydrogen isotope analysis of the fraction of CH3Cl remaining after reaction with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals in a 3.5 m3 Teflon smog-chamber at 293 ± 1 K. We measured the increasing stable hydrogen isotope values of the unreacted CH3Cl using compound specific thermal conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The isotope fractionations of CH3Cl for the reactions with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals were found to be −242 ± 7 mUr (or ‰) and −280 ± 11 mUr, respectively. For comparison, we performed similar experiments using methane (CH4) as the target compound with OH and obtained a fractionation constant of −205 ± 6 mUr which is in good agreement with values previously reported. The observed large kinetic isotope effects are helpful when employing isotopic analyses of CH3Cl in the atmosphere to improve our knowledge of its atmospheric budget.

scholarly journals Stable Isotope Evidence Links Breeding Geography and Migration Timing in Wood Warblers (Parulidae)

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Wood Warblers ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope Ratios

AbstractTracking seasonal movements of songbirds is a key step in understanding the annual cycle of migrants. To better understand autumn migration of wood warblers, I analyzed stable-hydrogen isotope ratios of feathers collected from three species captured during stopover at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico. To assess the form and strength of the relationship between timing of migration and breeding origins, I regressed stable-hydrogen isotope ratios of feathers against date of capture. These analyses indicated that Orange-crowned Warblers (Vermivora celata) and Common Yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) breeding in the southern portion of these species' ranges precede their northern conspecifics in autumn migration. By contrast, Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) from northern breeding sites arrived before more southerly breeding conspecifics. This pattern is similar to that reported previously in Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla). These findings suggest that, among wood warblers, (1) timing of autumn migration is often strongly related to breeding location and (2) interspecific variation in the direction of this relationship is large. The direction and strength of these patterns have implications for our understanding of inter- and intraspecific geographic variation in the life histories of migrants.Evidencia de Isótopos Estables Conecta la Geografía de Nidificación con el Momento de la Migración en Especies de Parulidae

A Novel Method to Identify Illegal Diesel Fuel, II: the Use of [1-D]n-Alkane with Stable Hydrogen Isotope Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaeko Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Korenaga ◽  
Yoshito Chikaraishi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope
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