scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in brain activation underlying reading fluency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Ozernov-Palchik ◽  
Dana Sury ◽  
Ted K Turesky ◽  
Xi Yu ◽  
Nadine Gaab
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Reading Proficiency ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Educational Success ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Connected Text ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Reading fluency -- the speed and accuracy of reading connected text -- is foundational to educational success. The current longitudinal study investigates the neural correlates of fluency development using a connected-text paradigm with an individualized presentation rate. Twenty-six children completed a functional MRI task in 1st/2nd grade (time 1) and again 1-2 years later (time 2). There was a longitudinal increase in activation in the ventral occipito-temporal (vOT) cortex from time 1 to time 2. This increase was also associated with improvements in reading fluency skills and modulated by individual speed demands. These findings highlight the reciprocal relationship of the vOT region with reading proficiency and its importance for supporting the transition to fluent reading. These results have implications for developing effective interventions to target increased automaticity in reading.

scholarly journals Reduction Mechanism of Fine Hematite Ore Particles in Suspension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Christiaan Zeilstra ◽  
Jan van der Stel ◽  
Jilt Sietsma ◽  
Yongxiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
Surface Nucleation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractIn order to understand the pre-reduction behaviour of fine hematite particles in the HIsarna process, change of morphology, phase and crystallography during the reduction were investigated in the high temperature drop tube furnace. Polycrystalline magnetite shell formed within 200 ms during the reduction. The grain size of the magnetite is in the order of magnitude of 10 µm. Lath magnetite was observed in the partly reduced samples. The grain boundary of magnetite was reduced to molten FeO firstly, and then the particle turned to be a droplet. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model is proposed to describe the kinetics of the reduction process. Both bulk and surface nucleation occurred during the reduction, which leads to the effect of size on the reduction rate in the nucleation and growth process. As a result, the reduction rate constant of hematite particles increases with the increasing particle size until 85 µm. It then decreases with a reciprocal relationship of the particle size above 85 µm.

Substrate Stabilization: Genetically Controlled Reciprocal Relationship of Two Human Enzymes

Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 167 (3919) ◽  
pp. 887-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Greene ◽  
J. A. Boyle ◽  
J. E. Seegmiller
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Substrate Stabilization ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Grid Governance in China under the COVID-19 Outbreak: Changing Neighborhood Governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7089
Author(s):  
Tianke Zhu ◽  
Xigang Zhu ◽  
Jian Jin
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Neighborhood Organizations ◽  
Housing Privatization ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Neighborhood Governance ◽  
Relationship Of

Housing commodification seems to suggest that a process of a state is embracing private governance. However, private governance in Chinese neighborhoods is a two-way trajectory. This paper examined two types of housing neighborhoods, namely, a work-unit housing neighborhood and gated commodity housing to understand the changes in neighborhood governance. It is interesting to observe that during the Covid-19 epidemic period, the state government enhanced its presence and public trust in neighborhood governance by changing the former ways of self-governance. As a strategy for the state to return to local governance, the grid governance is the reconfiguration of administrative resources at a neighborhood level and professionalizes neighborhood organizations to ensure the capacities of the state to solve social crises and neighborhood governance. The potential side effects of changing neighborhood governance are that while the implementation of grid governance has improved internal connections among residents, the empowered neighborhood governments acting as the “state agent on the ground” leads to an estrangement between residents and private governance. The underdevelopment of neighborhood autonomy is not only due to the restriction of state government, but more importantly, the reciprocal relationship of state-led neighborhood governance in the context of housing privatization development in China.

TV or Not TV: Fat Is the Question

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-501
Author(s):  
WILLIAM H. DIETZ ◽  
STEVEN L. GORTMAKER
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Relationship Of

The manuscript entitled "Does television viewing increase obesity and reduce physical activity?" published by Robinson and coauthors in this issue of Pediatrics1 is a careful and well-written study of the effect of television viewing on adiposity and physical activity among sixth- and seventh-grade adolescent girls. In contrast to two other large studies of children,2,3 the authors failed to find a significant association between hours of television viewed and adiposity, measured by body mass index. Physical activity was weakly and inversely correlated to time spent viewing television. The latter observation is consistent with prior data which demonstrate a reciprocal relationship of fitness and television viewing,4 perhaps because television viewing displaces more vigorous physical activities.5

scholarly journals Reciprocal relationship of synovial fluid volume and Oxygen tension

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan I. Richman ◽  
Eugene Y. Su ◽  
George Ho
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Pakistan-United States Diplomatic Relations: Analytical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim , Dr. Adil Zaman Kasi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Osama Bin Laden ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

This research paper discusses the reciprocal relationship of Pakistan and United States. Pakistan and United States are engaged in transactional relationship for gaining the credibility of through securing their national interest which bought distractive approaches in bilateral relationship. Historically, Pakistan-United States have been supporting each other against the terrorism as had strong diplomatic alignment in countering terrorism, extremism and fundamentalism. The distrust prevailed and occupied which dismantle the international move to dismantle the terror. The uncertainty of relationship causes a cataclysmic events which provides distrust as well as dismantle the international coalition for the peace establishment. This paper includes the diplomatic ties between Pakistan and United States specially post 9/11. The diplomatic successful alignment for the international peace brought effective orientation thereafter the impact factors of diverse misunderstanding which were mismanaged diplomatically as cases of Raymond Davis, Salala Check post, nuclear proliferation, Osama Bin Laden, Drone Attacks, and Memogate. Their diplopic move is essential to be revamped for the social, economic and political factors which sources the regional peace of South and Central Asia.  

scholarly journals How to do things with jokes: Speech acts in standup comedy

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Aarons ◽  
Marc Mierowsky
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Linguistic Pragmatics ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Standup Comedy

How to do things with jokes: Speech acts in standup comedyIn How to Do Things with Words (1962), the philosopher John Austin claimed that we use words to do things in the world, not merely to express a state of affairs. This proposal introduced speech acts, and essentially initiated the study of linguistic pragmatics. Speech acts in everyday communication include persuading, apologizing, criticizing, humiliating, complimenting and a host of other intended behaviours. Austin accentuated the idea of speaker intention, on one hand, and hearer’s response to that intention if successfully conveyed, on the other. We consider some of the speech acts used in the work of selected standup comedians to analyse the way they determine the relationship of performer and audience. We argue that there is a reciprocal relationship between the licensing of certain speech acts in standup comedy, and the success of these speech acts in shaping the social lives of the audience. We show that this relationship is at the forefront of standup comedy’s social impact and that it can generate heightened consciousness of the social and political environment of the time.  Finally, we consider the question of whether socially critical standup can have any noticeable effect on the attitudes or behaviour of both live and digitally mediated audiences.

scholarly journals Aku Cinta Lovina: Peran Sastra dalam Mempromosikan Pariwisata Bali Utara

2020 ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Gde Artawan
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Tourism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The development of tourism in North Bali is indebted to literary writers and works, but their contributions are rarely realized. Lovina Beach which was the center of the growth of North Bali tourism was originally introduced in the 1970s by writer Panji Tisna, later by Sunaryono Basuki who wrote several stories set in Lovina. This article analyzes the novel Aku Cinta Lovina (I Love Lovina, 2017) by Sunaryono Basuki to show aspects of the story that promote North Bali tourism. The novel is examined with a literary approach to tourism, with a focus on how the novel portrays the tourist attraction of Lovina and the relationship between the host and guest. The results of the analysis show that the novel Aku Cinta Lovina shows the strong reciprocal relationship between literature and tourism, where writers promote tourism, at the same time writers get inspiration from tourism. Besides being intense in promoting North Bali tourism, this novel also portrays a harmonious relationship of host and guest that reinforces Balinese hospitality which is an important attraction of Bali tourism. Keywords: North Bali, host and guest, Lovina, literary tourism, hospitality

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