scholarly journals Awake hippocampal-prefrontal replay mediates spatial learning and decision making

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D. Shin ◽  
Wenbo Tang ◽  
Shantanu P. Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Alternation Task

SUMMARYSpatial learning requires remembering and choosing paths to goals. Hippocampal place cells replay spatial paths during immobility in reverse and forward order, offering a potential mechanism. However, how replay mediates both goal-directed learning and memory-guided decision making is unclear. We therefore continuously tracked replay in the same hippocampal-prefrontal ensembles throughout learning of a spatial alternation task. We found that during pauses between behavioral trajectories, awake reverse and forward hippocampal replay consistently mediated an internal cognitive search of all available past and future possibilities, and exhibited opposing learning gradients for prediction of past and future behavioral paths, respectively. Coordinated hippocampal-prefrontal replay mediated recall of correct past paths and selection of future choices leading to reward based on the hippocampal cognitive search, executing spatial working memory rules. Our findings reveal a learning shift from hippocampal reverse-replay-based retrospective evaluation to forward-replay-based prospective planning, with prefrontal filtering of memory-guided paths for learning and decision-making.

scholarly journals New insights into the endophenotypic status of cognition in bipolar disorder: Genetic modelling study of twins and siblings

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Georgiades ◽  
Fruhling Rijsdijk ◽  
Fergus Kane ◽  
Irene Rebollo-Mesa ◽  
Sridevi Kalidindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Modelling

BackgroundTwin studies have lacked statistical power to apply advanced genetic modelling techniques to the search for cognitive endophenotypes for bipolar disorder.AimsTo quantify the shared genetic variability between bipolar disorder and cognitive measures.MethodStructural equation modelling was performed on cognitive data collected from 331 twins/siblings of varying genetic relatedness, disease status and concordance for bipolar disorder.ResultsUsing a parsimonious AE model, verbal episodic and spatial working memory showed statistically significant genetic correlations with bipolar disorder (rg = |0.23|–|0.27|), which lost statistical significance after covarying for affective symptoms. Using an ACE model, IQ and visual-spatial learning showed statistically significant genetic correlations with bipolar disorder (rg = |0.51|–|1.00|), which remained significant after covarying for affective symptoms.ConclusionsVerbal episodic and spatial working memory capture a modest fraction of the bipolar diathesis. IQ and visual-spatial learning may tap into genetic substrates of non-affective symptomatology in bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Disruption of component processes of spatial working memory by electroconvulsive shock but not magnetic seizure therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. McClintock ◽  
Nick K. DeWind ◽  
Mustafa M. Husain ◽  
Stefan B. Rowny ◽  
Timothy J. Spellman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Electroconvulsive Shock ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Magnetic Seizure Therapy ◽  
Component Processes ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Self-ordered spatial working memory measures provide important information regarding underlying cognitive strategies, such as stereotypy. This strategy is based on repetitive sequential selection of a spatial pattern once a correct sequence has been identified. We previously reported that electroconvulsive shock (ECS) but not magnetic seizure therapy (MST) impaired performance on a spatial working memory task in a preclinical model. Here we tested the hypothesis that ECS disrupted stereotyped patterns in the selection of spatial stimuli. In a within-subject study design, we assessed the effects of ECS, MST, and sham on stereotypy and reaction time in a preclinical model. Stereotypy was assessed by the correlation of actual and predicted response patterns of spatial stimuli. Predicted patterns were based on performance during baseline sessions. ECS resulted in lower correlations between predicted and actual responses to spatial stimuli in two of the three subjects, and it also disrupted stereotypy. For one subject, there was change in the predictability of the spatial locus of responses between experimental conditions. For all three subjects, reaction time was significantly longer in ECS, relative to MST and sham. This is the first study to examine the effect of ECS, and to contrast the effects of ECS and MST, on spatial working memory component processes. Our preliminary findings show that ECS, but not MST decreased stereotypy and increased reaction time. This line of investigation may have significant implications in our understanding cognitive component processes of memory function and impairment.

scholarly journals Maternal depression and trajectories of child internalizing and externalizing problems: the roles of child decision making and working memory

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1138-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Flouri ◽  
A. Ruddy ◽  
E. Midouhas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Poor Quality

BackgroundMaternal depression may affect the emotional/behavioural outcomes of children with normal neurocognitive functioning less severely than it does those without. To guide prevention and intervention efforts, research must specify which aspects of a child's cognitive functioning both moderate the effect of maternal depression and are amenable to change. Working memory and decision making may be amenable to change and are so far unexplored as moderators of this effect.MethodOur sample was 17 160 Millennium Cohort Study children. We analysed trajectories of externalizing (conduct and hyperactivity) and internalizing (emotional and peer) problems, measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at the ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 years, using growth curve models. We characterized maternal depression, also time-varying at these ages, by a high score on the K6. Working memory was measured with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Spatial Working Memory Task, and decision making (risk taking and quality of decision making) with the Cambridge Gambling Task, both at age 11 years.ResultsMaternal depression predicted both the level and the growth of problems. Risk taking and poor-quality decision making were related positively to externalizing and non-significantly to internalizing problems. Poor working memory was related to both problem types. Neither decision making nor working memory explained the effect of maternal depression on child internalizing/externalizing problems. Importantly, risk taking amplified the effect of maternal depression on internalizing problems, and poor working memory that on internalizing and conduct problems.ConclusionsImpaired decision making and working memory in children amplify the adverse effect of maternal depression on, particularly, internalizing problems.

scholarly journals Problematic internet use: an exploration of associations between cognition and COMT rs4818, rs4680 haplotypes

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-418
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Ioannidis ◽  
Sarah A. Redden ◽  
Stephanie Valle ◽  
Samuel R. Chamberlain ◽  
Jon E. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internet Users

ObjectiveProblematic internet users suffer from impairment in a variety of cognitive domains. Research suggests that COMT haplotypes exert differential effects on cognition. We sought to investigate differences in the genetic profiles of problematic internet users and whether those could shed light on potential cognitive differences.MethodsWe recruited 206 non-treatment seeking participants with heightened impulsive traits and obtained cross-sectional demographic, clinical, and cognitive data as well as the genetic haplotypes of COMT rs4680 and rs4818. We identified 24 participants who presented with problematic internet use (PIU) and compared PIU and non-PIU participants using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi square as appropriate.ResultsPIU was associated with worse performance on decision making, rapid visual processing, and spatial working memory tasks. Genetic variants were associated with altered cognitive performance, but rates of PIU did not statistically differ for particular haplotypes of COMT.ConclusionThis study indicates that PIU is characterized by deficits in decision making and working memory domains; it also provides evidence for elevated impulsive responses and impaired target detection on a sustained attention task, which is a novel area worth exploring further in future work. The effects observed in the genetic influences on cognition of PIU subjects imply that the genetic heritable components of PIU may not lie within the genetic loci influencing COMT function and cognitive performance; or that the genetic component in PIU involves many genetic polymorphisms each conferring only a small effect.

scholarly journals The Effects of Intraoperative Hypothermia on Postoperative Cognitive Function in the Rat Hippocampus and Its Possible Mechanisms

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Guangyan Xu ◽  
Tianjia Li ◽  
Yuguang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Intraoperative Hypothermia

Intraoperative hypothermia is a common complication during operations and is associated with several adverse events. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and its adverse consequences have drawn increasing attention in recent years. There are currently no relevant studies investigating the correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and POCD. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intraoperative hypothermia on postoperative cognitive function in rats undergoing exploratory laparotomies and to investigate the possible related mechanisms. We used the Y-maze and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests to assess the rats’ postoperative spatial working memory, spatial learning, and memory. The morphological changes in hippocampal neurons were examined by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and hippocampal synaptic plasticity-related protein expression. Activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc), cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB), S133-phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB [S133]), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor 1 (AMPAR1), and S831-phosphorylated AMPAR1 (p-AMPAR1 [S831]) were evaluated by Western blotting. Our results suggest a correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and POCD in rats and that intraoperative hypothermia may lead to POCD regarding impairments in spatial working memory, spatial learning, and memory. POCD induced by intraoperative hypothermia might be due to hippocampal neurons damage and decreased expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins Arc, p-CREB (S133), and p-AMPAR1 (S831).

scholarly journals Chemogenetic dissection of the primate prefronto-subcortical pathways for working memory and decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Oyama ◽  
Yukiko Hori ◽  
Yuji Nagai ◽  
Naohisa Miyakawa ◽  
Koki Mimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Projection Mapping ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Neuronal Projection

The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) is situated at the core of higher brain functions by linking and cooperating with the caudate nucleus (CD) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD) via neural circuits. However, the distinctive roles of these prefronto-subcortical pathways remain elusive. Combining in vivo neuronal projection mapping with chemogenetic synaptic silencing, we reversibly dissected key pathways from PFC to the CD and MD individually in single monkeys. We found that silencing the bilateral PFC-MD projections, but not the PFC-CD projections, impaired performance in a spatial working memory task. Conversely, silencing the unilateral PFC-CD projection, but not the PFC-MD projection, altered preference in a free-choice task. These results revealed dissociable roles of the prefronto-subcortical pathways in working memory and decision-making, representing the technical advantage of imaging-guided pathway-selective chemogenetic manipulation for dissecting neural circuits underlying cognitive functions in primates.

scholarly journals Chemogenetic dissection of the primate prefronto-subcortical pathways for working memory and decision-making

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. eabg4246
Author(s):  
Kei Oyama ◽  
Yukiko Hori ◽  
Yuji Nagai ◽  
Naohisa Miyakawa ◽  
Koki Mimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Mediodorsal Thalamus ◽  
Projection Mapping ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Brain Functions

The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) is situated at the core of higher brain functions via neural circuits such as those linking the caudate nucleus and mediodorsal thalamus. However, the distinctive roles of these prefronto-subcortical pathways remain elusive. Combining in vivo neuronal projection mapping with chemogenetic synaptic silencing, we reversibly dissected key pathways from dorsolateral part of the PFC (dlPFC) to the dorsal caudate (dCD) and lateral mediodorsal thalamus (MDl) individually in single monkeys. We found that silencing the bilateral dlPFC-MDl projections, but not the dlPFC-dCD projections, impaired performance in a spatial working memory task. Conversely, silencing the unilateral dlPFC-dCD projection, but not the unilateral dlPFC-MDl projection, altered preference in a decision-making task. These results revealed dissociable roles of the prefronto-subcortical pathways in working memory and decision-making, representing the technical advantage of imaging-guided pathway-selective chemogenetic manipulation for dissecting neural circuits underlying cognitive functions in primates.

Excitotoxic lesion of the perirhinal cortex impairs spatial working memory in a delayed-alternation task

2012 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Maioli ◽  
Giuseppe Gangarossa ◽  
Federica Locchi ◽  
Anna Andrioli ◽  
Giuseppe Bertini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Perirhinal Cortex ◽  
Delayed Alternation ◽  
Excitotoxic Lesion ◽  
Delayed Alternation Task ◽  
Alternation Task

scholarly journals Sharp wave/ripple network oscillations and learning-associated hippocampal maps

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1635) ◽  
pp. 20120528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozsef Csicsvari ◽  
David Dupret
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cell Assembly ◽  
Related Function ◽  
Sharp Wave ◽  
Network Oscillations

Sharp wave/ripple (SWR, 150–250 Hz) hippocampal events have long been postulated to be involved in memory consolidation. However, more recent work has investigated SWRs that occur during active waking behaviour: findings that suggest that SWRs may also play a role in cell assembly strengthening or spatial working memory. Do such theories of SWR function apply to animal learning? This review discusses how general theories linking SWRs to memory-related function may explain circuit mechanisms related to rodent spatial learning and to the associated stabilization of new cognitive maps.

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