Angular Distribution Functions for High Energy Cosmic-Ray Particles

1952 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Green ◽  
H. Messel ◽  
B. A. Chartres
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Distribution Functions

scholarly journals Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic-ray Accelerators

2000 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
A. V. Olinto
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Recent Proposal ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Isotropic Distribution ◽  
Energy Cutoff

The surprising lack of a high energy cutoff in the cosmic ray spectrum at the highest energies, together with an apparently isotropic distribution of arrival directions, have strongly challenged most models proposed for the acceleration of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. Young neutron star winds may be able to explain the mystery. We discuss this recent proposal after summarizing the observational challenge and plausible acceleration sites. Young neutrons star winds differ from alternative models in the predictions for composition, spectrum, and angular distribution, which will be tested in future experiments.

scholarly journals ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS OF HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAY PARTICLES WITH PARAFFIN

1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
KUANG HAO-HWAI ◽  
LI RU-BAI ◽  
TAN YUE-HEN ◽  
LIU YUNG-YUIH
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nuclear Interactions

Anisotropy of transient variations of cosmic-ray intensity

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S871-S874
Author(s):  
Masami Wada ◽  
Hiroo Komori
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Principal Direction ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Present Calculation ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth ◽  
Transient Variations

The angular distribution of the anisotropy of cosmic rays in interplanetary space is generally assumed to follow a cosine function. In the case of the daily variation, the source direction lies essentially in the equatorial plane. In the present calculation, the following three points were taken into account: (1) the latitude of the principal direction, (2) the angular distribution functions, and (3) the increases in flux of cosmic-ray particles. The response functions, the asymptotic directions, and the variation spectra are also involved in the calculation. Because of the rotation of the earth with respect to the source direction, which is fixed at the 12-h meridian, the daily variations are obtained. The variations include higher harmonics if the angular distribution is other than a simple cosine function.Comparing the calculated curves with observed data, the anisotropy in the space outside the geomagnetic field can be estimated with parameters such as the source direction in latitude and longitude, the half-width of the angular distribution, and the amplitude and exponent of the variation spectrum, which are all time-dependent. An increase which occurred on 24 March 1966 was analyzed.

scholarly journals Model dependence of lateral distribution functions of high energy cosmic ray air showers

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Joachim Drescher ◽  
Marcus Bleicher ◽  
Sven Soff ◽  
Horst Stöcker
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Model Dependence

Experimental investigation and modelling of light scattering in a-Si:H solar cells deposited on glass/ZnO:Al substrates

2002 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krc ◽  
M. Zeman ◽  
O. Kluth ◽  
F. Smole ◽  
M. Topic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Optical Model ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Interface Roughness ◽  
Scattering Parameters ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractThe descriptive scattering parameters, haze and angular distribution functions of textured ZnO:Al transparent conductive oxides with different surface roughness are measured. An approach to determine the scattering parameters of all internal interfaces in p-i-n a-Si:H solar cells deposited on the glass/ZnO:Al substrates is presented. Using the determined scattering parameters as the input parameters of the optical model, a good agreement between the measured and simulated quantum efficiencies of the p-i-n a-Si:H solar cells with different interface roughness is achieved.

scholarly journals Diffuse γ-ray emission toward the massive star-forming region, W40

2020 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. A80
Author(s):  
Xiao-Na Sun ◽  
Rui-Zhi Yang ◽  
Yun-Feng Liang ◽  
Fang-Kun Peng ◽  
Hai-Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Young Star ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Stellar Cluster ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Photon Index ◽  
Young Star Clusters

We report the detection of high-energy γ-ray signal towards the young star-forming region, W40. Using 10-yr Pass 8 data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT), we extracted an extended γ-ray excess region with a significance of ~18σ. The radiation has a spectrum with a photon index of 2.49 ± 0.01. The spatial correlation with the ionized gas content favors the hadronic origin of the γ-ray emission. The total cosmic-ray (CR) proton energy in the γ-ray production region is estimated to be the order of 1047 erg. However, this could be a small fraction of the total energy released in cosmic rays (CRs) by local accelerators, presumably by massive stars, over the lifetime of the system. If so, W40, together with earlier detections of γ-rays from Cygnus cocoon, Westerlund 1, Westerlund 2, NGC 3603, and 30 Dor C, supports the hypothesis that young star clusters are effective CR factories. The unique aspect of this result is that the γ-ray emission is detected, for the first time, from a stellar cluster itself, rather than from the surrounding “cocoons”.

scholarly journals Properties of Elementary Particle Fluxes in Primary Cosmic Rays Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

2019 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Francesco Nozzoli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Flux ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Precision Measurements ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Electrons And Positrons ◽  
Positron Flux ◽  
Rigidity Dependence ◽  
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Precision measurements by AMS of the fluxes of cosmic ray positrons, electrons, antiprotons, protons as well as their rations reveal several unexpected and intriguing features. The presented measurements extend the energy range of the previous observations with much increased precision. The new results show that the behavior of positron flux at around 300 GeV is consistent with a new source that produce equal amount of high energy electrons and positrons. In addition, in the absolute rigidity range 60–500 GV, the antiproton, proton, and positron fluxes are found to have nearly identical rigidity dependence and the electron flux exhibits different rigidity dependence.

scholarly journals UVscope and its application aboard the ASTRI-Horn telescope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Concetta Maccarone ◽  
Giovanni La Rosa ◽  
Osvaldo Catalano ◽  
Salvo Giarrusso ◽  
Alberto Segreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Light Flux ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Photon Counting Mode

AbstractUVscope is an instrument, based on a multi-pixel photon detector, developed to support experimental activities for high-energy astrophysics and cosmic ray research. The instrument, working in single photon counting mode, is designed to directly measure light flux in the wavelengths range 300-650 nm. The instrument can be used in a wide field of applications where the knowledge of the nocturnal environmental luminosity is required. Currently, one UVscope instrument is allocated onto the external structure of the ASTRI-Horn Cherenkov telescope devoted to the gamma-ray astronomy at very high energies. Being co-aligned with the ASTRI-Horn camera axis, UVscope can measure the diffuse emission of the night sky background simultaneously with the ASTRI-Horn camera, without any interference with the main telescope data taking procedures. UVscope is properly calibrated and it is used as an independent reference instrument for test and diagnostic of the novel ASTRI-Horn telescope.

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