Non-destructive evaluation of stacking sequence in textile composite: different techniques and experimental verification

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the capability of four non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques to detect the layer orientation in textile composite laminates. The aerospace industry has been the primary driving force in the use of textile composites. Design/methodology/approach – Woven glass fiber composite samples were inspected using C-scan ultrasonic, vibration analyzer, X-ray micro-tomography and ultraviolet technique. In a complementary study, mechanical testing was carried out to investigate the effect of mid-layer orientation on in-plane tensile strength and their failure modes using microscopic imagining. Findings – During C-scan ultrasonic, the high attenuation and scattering of ultrasonic waves caused by the textile fabric layers limited its application to only detect the first layer of samples. Frequency response tests of composite samples were also conducted to investigate the effect of mid-layer orientation on dynamic responses. The same trend was observed in the finite element modeling results with a clear effect of the fiber orientation defect seen in frequency response function response and higher mode shapes. Moreover, the results of micro computed tomography demonstrate that this technique could definitely detect the orientation of each layer; however, X-ray imaging at small scales introduced some challenges. Images obtained from ultraviolet technique did not reveal mid-layer orientation. Originality/value – In this paper, the application of different NDT techniques along with finite element modeling to inspect two-dimensional textile composites was presented. Hopefully, the research results presented here will lead to much published papers in inspection of textile composites.

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Finite Element Modeling of Textile Composite Using X-ray CT Images(Composite 2)

Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Fracture and Strength and International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics ◽

10.1299/jsmeatemapcfs.2.01.03.0_623 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2.01.03 (0) ◽

pp. 623-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naoaki HIROTA ◽

Nobuhiro YOSHIKAWA

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Finite Element Modeling ◽

Ct Images ◽

Textile Composite ◽

X Ray ◽

Element Modeling

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Characterisation of 3D printed sand moulds using micro-focus X-ray computed tomography

Rapid Prototyping Journal ◽

10.1108/rpj-04-2018-0091 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 404-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tharmalingam Sivarupan ◽

Mohamed El Mansori ◽

Keith Daly ◽

Mark Noel Mavrogordato ◽

Fabrice Pierron

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Gas Permeability ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Pore Connectivity ◽

Content Type ◽

X Ray ◽

3D Printed ◽

X Ray Computed ◽

Sand Mould ◽

Non Destructive

Purpose Micro-focus X-ray computed tomography (CT) can be used to quantitatively evaluate the packing density, pore connectivity and provide the basis for specimen derived simulations of gas permeability of sand mould. This non-destructive experiment or following simulations can be done on any section of any size sand mould just before casting to validate the required properties. This paper aims to describe the challenges of this method and use it to simulate the gas permeability of 3D printed sand moulds for a range of controlling parameters. The permeability simulations are compared against experimental results using traditional measurement techniques. It suggests that a minimum volume of only 700 × 700 × 700 µm3 is required to obtain, a reliable and most representative than the value obtained by the traditional measurement technique, the simulated permeability of a specimen. Design/methodology/approach X-ray tomography images were used to reconstruct 3D models to simulate them for gas permeability of the 3D printed sand mould specimens, and the results were compared with the experimental result of the same. Findings The influence of printing parameters, especially the re-coater speed, on the pore connectivity of the 3D printed sand mould and related permeability has been identified. Characterisation of these sand moulds using X-ray CT and its suitability, compared to the traditional means, are also studied. While density and 3PB strength are a measure of the quality of the moulds, the pore connectivity from the tomographic images precisely relates to the permeability. The main conclusions of the present study are provided below. A minimum required sample size of 700 × 700 × 700 µm3 is required to provide representative permeability results. This was obtained from sand specimens with an average sand grain size of 140 µm, using the tomographic volume images to define a 3D mesh to run permeability calculations. Z-direction permeability is always lower than that in the X-/Y-directions due to the lower values of X-(120/140 µm) and Y-(101.6 µm) resolutions of the furan droplets. The anisotropic permeability of the 3D printed sand mould is mainly due to, the only adjustable, X-directional resolution of the furan droplets; the Y-directional resolution is a fixed distance, 102.6 µm, between the printhead nozzles and the Z-directional one is usually, 280 µm, twice the size of an average sand grain.A non-destructive and most representative permeability value can be obtained, using the computer simulation, on the reconstructed 3D X-ray tomography images obtained on a specific location of a 3D printed sand mould. This saves time and effort on printing a separate specimen for the traditional test which may not be the most representative to the printed mould. Originality/value The experimental result is compared with the computer simulated results.

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Elastic plastic deformation of TC6 titanium alloy analyzed by in-situ synchrotron based X-ray diffraction and microstructure based finite element modeling

Journal of Alloys and Compounds ◽

10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.07.105 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 688 ◽

pp. 787-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ran Shi ◽

Zhihua Nie ◽

Qunbo Fan ◽

Guoju Li

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Finite Element ◽

Titanium Alloy ◽

Finite Element Modeling ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Element Modeling ◽

Elastic Plastic

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Fatigue damage in bending of reinforced concrete frames using non-destructive tests for dynamic strength of the cylinder

Engineering Computations ◽

10.1108/ec-06-2021-0343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Dragan D. Milašinović ◽

Aleksandar Landović ◽

Danica Goleš

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Method ◽

Finite Element ◽

Fatigue Damage ◽

Cross Section ◽

Modal Parameters ◽

The Finite Element Method ◽

Concrete Frames ◽

Content Type ◽

Non Destructive

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the solution of the fatigue damage problem of reinforced concrete frames in bending.Design/methodology/approachThe problem of fatigue damage is formulated based on the rheological–dynamical analogy, including a scalar damage variable to address the reduction of stiffness in strain softening. The modal analysis is used by the finite element method for the determination of modal parameters and resonance stability of the selected frame cross-section. The objectivity of the presented method is verified by numerical examples, predicting the ductility in bending of the frame whose basic mechanical properties were obtained by non-destructive testing systems.FindingsThe modal analysis in the frame of the finite element method is suitable for the determination of modal parameters and resonance stability of the selected frame cross-section. It is recommended that the modulus of elasticity be determined by non-destructive methods, e.g. from the acoustic response.Originality/valueThe paper presents a novel method of solving the ductility in bending taking into account both the creep coefficient and the aging coefficient. The rheological-dynamical analogy (RDA) method uses the resonant method to find material properties. The characterization of the structural damping via the damping ratio is original and effective.

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Investigation of tensile and flexural behavior of biaxial and rib 1 × 1 weft-knitted composite using experimental tests and multi-scale finite element modeling

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998319839855 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (23) ◽

pp. 3201-3215 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Reza Hessami ◽

Aliasghar Alamdar Yazdi ◽

Abbas Mazidi

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Finite Element Modeling ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Flexural Behavior ◽

Bending Tests ◽

Three Point Bending ◽

Element Modeling ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Scale Modeling ◽

Composite Samples

In this study, tensile and flexural behavior of biaxial and rib weft-knitted composite is obtained numerically and experimentally. Multi-scale finite element modeling is employed to simulate the tensile and flexural behavior of composite samples. In the finite element modeling, the geometry of a unit cell of each fabric is initially modeled in ABAQUS software, and then periodic boundary conditions were applied to a unit cell. The stiffness matrix for each structure was obtained by a python code via meso scale modeling and used as input data for the macro modeling. To validate the numerical model, two types of weft-knitted fabrics (rib 1 × 1 and biaxial fabrics) are produced by a flat weft knitting machine. Epoxy resin is used to construct composite by the vacuum injection process (VIP). After that, the tensile and three-point bending tests were applied to composite samples. The experimental results showed that tensile strength and tensile modulus of biaxial composites are greater than rib composites, in both wale and course directions. Moreover, in three-point bending test, biaxial composite showed more strength and more stiffness in comparison to rib composite. Finite element results were compared to experimental results in tensile and bending tests. The results showed that good agreement with experimental results in the linear section of tensile and flexural behavior of composites. Consequently, the current multi-scale modeling can be used to predict the stiffness matrix and mechanical behavior of complex composite structures such as knitted composites.

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Analyze on the Mechanical Properties of Stitched Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1758 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 217-218 ◽

pp. 1758-1762

Author(s):

Tao Chang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Finite Element ◽

Low Cost ◽

Element Model ◽

Textile Composites ◽

External Loading ◽

Engineering Practice ◽

Textile Composite ◽

And Performance ◽

Potential Member

As the most potential member in the textile composite material, stitched textile composites have already been paid a lot attention. By the simply technology form and relatively low cost, stitched composites had attracted many domestic and foreign researchers, and were gradually used in various engineering practice. This paper using 3D micro-finite element method researches the mechanical behavior and performance of stitched composites, establishing a 3D micro-finite element model for the stitched composites under the improved locking suture way. Through analysis, it shows that each material’s stress distribution characteristics under external loading and finds that the results of this paper’s finite element data results matching well with previous studies’ results, proving the feasibility of this study, so it can be used for forecasting the mechanical properties of a variety of practical stitched composites.

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Failure analysis of epoxy molded IC packages

Microelectronics International ◽

10.1108/mi-07-2015-0063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 94-101

Author(s):

Kamil Janeczek ◽

Aneta Arazna ◽

Konrad Futera ◽

Grazyna Koziol

Keyword(s):

Failure Analysis ◽

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Electronic Devices ◽

Mechanical Grinding ◽

Content Type ◽

Power Mosfets ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Graphic Software

Purpose The aim of this paper is to present non-destructive and destructive methods of failure analysis of epoxy moulded IC packages on the example of power MOSFETs in SOT-227 package. Design/methodology/approach A power MOSFET in SOT-227 package was examined twice using X-ray inspection, at first as the whole component to check if it is damaged and then after removing the upper part of package by mechanical grinding. The purpose of the second X-ray inspection was to prepare images for estimation of the total number and approximate location of voids in soft solder layers. Finally, power MOSFETs were subjected to decapsulation process using a concentrated sulphuric acid to verify existence of damage areas noticed during X-ray analysis and to observe other possible failures such as cracks in aluminium metallization or wires deformation. Findings X-ray analysis was revealed to be adequate technique to detect damage (e.g. meltings) in power MOSFETs in SOT-227 package, but only when tested components were analysed in the side view. This type of analysis combined with a graphic software is also suitable for voids estimation in soft solder layers. Moreover, it was found that a single acid (concentrated sulphuric acid) at elevated temperature can be successfully used for decapsulation of power MOSFETs in SOT-227 package without damage of aluminium metallization and aluminium wires. Such decapsulation process enables analysis of defects in wire, die and package materials. Research limitations/implications Further investigations are required to examine if the presented methods of failures analysis can be used for other types of components (e.g. high power resistors) in similar packages. Practical/implications The described methods of failure analysis can find application in electronic industry to select components which are free of damage and in effect which allow to produce high reliable devices. Apart from it, the presented method is applicable to evaluate reasons of improper work of tested electronic devices and to identify faked components. Originality/value This paper contains valuable information for research and technical staff involved in the assessment of electronic devices who needs practical methods of failure analysis of epoxy moulded IC packages.

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