Minimization of aircraft fuel consumption subjected to arrival time constraint

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1063-1072
Author(s):  
Muhaned Gilani ◽  
Durmuş Sinan Körpe
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Optimum Speed ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to minimize aircraft fuel consumption during the cruise phase when the flight is subjected to a specific time of arrival for different weights and distances. Design/methodology/approach The approach adopted herein uses sequential quadratic programming algorithm from MATLAB optimization toolbox, which includes a mathematical model of a jet airliner based on the Base of Aircraft Data as a function evaluator, to find out the impact of meet-time of arrival constraints on fuel consumption. The cruising speeds at predefined segments and the altitude are defined as the design variables. Findings The algorithm determines the optimum cruise altitudes and speeds for minimum fuel consumption in the case of no time constraints, also, for different time constraints where the flight time shall be reduced by increasing speed and lowering the altitude in most of the investigated cases. Practical implications The algorithm computes the optimum speed and the altitude according to different flight scenarios with the meet-time of arrival constraints for minimum fuel consumption which affects the direct operating cost of the flight. The algorithm might greatly help in decision-making for the meet-time of arrival operations. Originality/value Developing an algorithm to optimize the speed and the altitude of an aircraft based on weight and range for minimization of fuel consumption. It is a pioneer study in the literature that deals with the effect of meet-time constraints on fuel consumption.

Improving service employee work affect: the transformative potential of work design

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Rayburn
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Work Design ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Work Affect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to employ Self-Determination Theory to explain the mediated impact of work design – empowerment and serial and investiture socialization – on employee work affect. The theory proposes fulfilment of three psychological needs – autonomy, competence, and relatedness – will mediate individuals' ability to achieve contextually relevant well-being. An empirical study tests this claim and exposes the structure of the mediating effects. Design/methodology/approach – Survey responses were collected from a sample of 239 front-line service employees using snowball data collection. SEM was used to test hypotheses. Findings – Findings suggest that empowerment and serial and investiture socialization are significantly differentially related to need fulfilment. Additionally, all forms of need fulfilment do not directly influence employee affect. Instead, there are both direct and interactive effects that work simultaneously to influence employees' positive work affect. Practical implications – This study exposes specific work design levers managers can manipulate to benefit employees. This research highlights the different effects of specific work design variables on employee work affect. Originality/value – This paper extends understanding of Self-Determination Theory by exposing the direct and interactive effects of need fulfilment on work affect for service workers. Also, it delivers a deeper exploration of the impact of work design on employees by modelling multiple work design variables as well as process variables simultaneously to provide a more detailed picture of how work design influences employee work affect.

scholarly journals The impact of single engine taxiing on aircraft fuel consumption and pollutant emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (1258) ◽  
pp. 1967-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. J. Stettler ◽  
G. S. Koudis ◽  
S. J. Hu ◽  
A. Majumdar ◽  
W. Y. Ochieng
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Set Operations ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTOptimisation of aircraft ground operations to reduce airport emissions can reduce resultant local air quality impacts. Single engine taxiing (SET), where only half of the installed number of engines are used for the majority of the taxi duration, offers the opportunity to reduce fuel consumption, and emissions of NOX, CO and HC. Using 3510 flight data records, this paper develops a model for SET operations and presents a case study of London Heathrow, where we show that SET is regularly implemented during taxi-in. The model predicts fuel consumption and pollutant emissions with greater accuracy than previous studies that used simplistic assumptions. Without SET during taxi-in, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions would increase by up to 50%. Reducing the time before SET is initiated to the 25th percentile of recorded values would reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions by 7–14%, respectively, relative to current operations. Future research should investigate the practicalities of reducing the time before SET initialisation so that additional benefits of reduced fuel loadings, which would decrease fuel consumption across the whole flight, can be achieved.

The impact of biomass consumption on CO2 emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Turan Katircioglu
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term equilibrium relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and total biomass consumption (BC) in Turkey, which has a rich diversity of ecological conditions prevailing throughout its regions. Design/methodology/approach – Bounds tests and conditional error correction models under the autoregressive distributed lag approach have been applied to annual data that cover the 1980-2010 period. Findings – Results suggest that CO2 emissions are in a long-term equilibrium relationship with total BC in Turkey. BC has a negative effect on CO2 emissions; 1 per cent increase in total BC would lead to 0.029 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions. Long-term coefficient of fossil fuel consumption for CO2 emissions is positive and elastic, 1.247. Finally, conditional error correction model of the present study reveals that CO2 emission in Turkey converges to its economic long-term equilibrium very quickly by 93.7 per cent speed of adjustment through the channel of BC and fossil fuel consumption. Originality/value – Although there have been a considerable number of studies investigating the link between total energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the literature, searching the contribution of components of energy to CO2 emissions deserves attention. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature by investigating the effect of BC on CO2 emissions in the case of Turkey.

scholarly journals The influence of urban design packages on home values

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-203
Author(s):  
Christopher Bitter ◽  
Andy Krause
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Residential Home ◽  
Design Element ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
Neighborhood Design ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Home Values ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of neighborhood design templates on residential home values in King County, WA, USA. Previous research examines a number of individual design factors; this study combines these factors into typologies and tests for the impacts of the composite set of design features. Design/methodology/approach The study analyzes over 27,000 home sales with a hedonic price model to measure the impacts across three large, regional submarkets. Neighborhood design categories are developed using a cluster analysis on a set of individual neighborhood attributes. Findings The key finding from this research is that the impact of more traditional (“urban”) design packages on home values is highly contextual. For the older and denser neighborhoods in the study area, a more traditional design results in a significantly positive impact on home values. In the new and more suburban regions of the study area, this effect is not found. Originality/value Prior work focused on valuing design attributes individually. The study argues that neighborhood design is better conceived of as a “package”, as the value of a given design element may depend on other co-located attributes. This is the first study, to the authors’ knowledge, to treat physical neighborhood design variables as a composite whole and to attempt to value their impact on home values as such.

Modelling oil product prices with due regard to proliferation of alternative fuels and tightening of technical standards

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ulanov ◽  
Oleg Skorobogatko
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to clarify the relationship between oil product prices and factors describing the most crucial emerging trends in fuel consumption. The work is aimed to test the hypothesis that the proliferation of alternative fuel cars is a significant factor in determining the level of motor fuel prices. The influence of technical standards of oil products on the model parameters is also analysed. Design/methodology/approach The hypothesis testing is carried out on the basis of an econometric analysis of information regarding the North-West European commodity market and the data on the registration of alternative fuel passenger vehicles. Time series are analysed for the presence of a structural shift in the parameters of the model as a result of changes in the requirements of technical regulations for fuel. Findings The results suggest a different nature of the influence of the proliferation of alternative fuel passenger vehicles – it has little effect on diesel prices, whilst the indicators under study have a negative effect on the prices of motor gasoline. The construction of oil product price models has confirmed the impact of tightening the technical requirements for the parameters of dependence equations. Practical implications The obtained results can be used in forecasting price indicators in oil refining for strategic and investment purposes. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to take into account the emerging global trends in fuel consumption to obtain reliable parameters for oil product price modelling.

Sustainable development of microfinance customers

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saju Jose ◽  
Jacob Chacko
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Interest Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether microfinance activities aimed at the bottom of the pyramid consumers are sustainable. Design/methodology/approach The study follows a mixed methodology, manager’s views on sustainability of the programs were gauged by analyzing their responses in the areas of diversion of funds, operating cost, interest rates, and return rate of loans through semi-structured interviews. A survey was administered to 316 poor microfinance borrowers at the bottom of the pyramid in India in a cross-sectional field study format. The study used one sample t-test to test the sustainability of the microfinance activities. Findings All else being the same, microfinance activities aimed at the borrower’s communities are not sustainable. The major contributor to the lack of sustainability is the diversion of funds, results of both managers’ interviews and consumer survey provides strong evidence to support this. Though there are issues related to high interest rate, operating cost and low return on investment, it seems that the core issue behind all this is lack of full investment in the microfinance venture. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to only two states in India. The mixed nature of the study meant that semi-structured interviews with a relatively small sample were the most appropriate method to address the research question. Future studies with larger, more representative sample sizes are encouraged to investigate how the findings can be generalized to larger populations. Also the information which determines the experiences and satisfaction of the consumers is collected only once. This study does not account for any changes over time in the populations or their interest. Originality/value The impact of micro finance in alleviating poverty is questioned by researchers and there is demand for further empirical evidence. Therefore, the findings of this study complement with existing work to present a comprehensive understanding of this topic by investigating the sustainability aspect of these programs from the dimension of both customers and lenders.

Determine the optimal capital structure of BOT projects using interval numbers with Tianjin Binhai New District Metro Z4 line in China as an example

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1348-1366
Author(s):  
Yuning Wang ◽  
Xiaohua Jin
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Interval Number ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimal Capital Structure ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Optimal Capital ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Various factors may influence project finance when a multi-sourced debt financing strategy is used for financing capital investments, in general, and public infrastructure investments, in particular. Traditional indicators lack comprehensive consideration of the influences of many internal and external factors, such as investment structure, financing mode and credit guarantee structure, which exist in the financing decision making of BOT projects. An effective approach is, thus, desired. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops a financial model that uses an interval number to represent the uncertain factors and, subsequently, conducts a standardization of the interval number. Decision makers determine the weight of each objective through the analytic hierarchy process. Through the optimization procedure, project investors and sponsors are provided with a strategy regarding the optimal amount of debt to be raised and the insight on the risk level based on the net present value, as well as the probability of bankruptcy for each different period of debt service. Findings By using an example infrastructure project in China and based on the comprehensive evaluation, comparison and ranking of the capital structures of urban public infrastructure projects using the interval number method, the final ranking can help investors to choose the optimal capital structure for investment. The calculation using the interval number method shows that X2 is the optimal capital structure plan for the BOT project of the first stage of Tianjin Binhai Rail Transit Z4 line. Therefore, investors should give priority to selecting a capital contribution ratio of 45 per cent for this investment. Research limitations/implications In this paper, some parameters, such as depreciation life, construction period and concession period, are assumed to be deterministic parameters, although the interval number model has been introduced to analyze the uncertainty indicators, such as total investment and passenger flow, of BOT rail transport projects. Therefore, more of the above deterministic parameters can be taken as uncertainty parameters in future research so that calculation results fit actual projects more closely. Originality/value This model can be used to make the optimal investment decision for a project by determining the impact of uncertainty factors on the profitability of the project in its lifecycle during the project financial feasibility analysis. Project sponsors can determine the optimal capital structure of a project through an analysis of the irregular fluctuation of the unpredictable factors in project construction such as construction investment, operating cost and passenger flow. The model can also be used to examine the effects of different capital investment ratios on indicators so that appropriate measures can be taken to reduce risks and maximize profit.

scholarly journals Optimization of design variables for carbon/glass hybrid composites laminates using the Taguchi Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-323
Author(s):  
Sagar Dnyandev Patil ◽  
Yogesh J. Bhalerao ◽  
Adik Takale
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Laminate ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Laminate Thickness ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the significance of disparate design variables on the mechanical properties of the composite laminate. Four design variables such as stacking sequence, stacking angle, types of resins and thickness of laminate have been chosen to analyze the impact on mechanical properties of the composite laminate. The detailed investigation is carried out to analyze the effect of a carbon layer in stacking sequence and investigate the impact of various resins on the fastening strength of fibers, stacking angles of the fibers and the thickness of the laminate. Design/methodology/approach The Taguchi approach has been adopted to detect the most significant design variable for optimum mechanical properties of the hybrid composite laminate. For this intend, L16 orthogonal array has been composed in statistical software Minitab 17. To investigate an effect of design variables on mechanical properties, signal to noise ratio plots were developed in Minitab. The numerical analysis was done by using the analysis of variance. Findings The single parameter optimization gives the optimal combination A1B1C4D2 (i.e. stacking sequence C/G/G/G, stacking angle is 00, the type of resin is newly developed resin [NDR] and laminate thickness is 0.3 cm) for tensile strength; A4B2C4D2 (i.e. stacking sequence G/G/G/C, stacking angle is 450, the type of resin is NDR and laminate thickness is 0.3 cm) for shear strength; and A2B3C4D2 (i.e. stacking sequence G/C/G/G, stacking angle is 900, the type of resin is NDR and thickness is 0.3 cm) for flexural strength. The types of resins and stacking angles are the most significant design variables on the mechanical properties of the composite laminate. Originality/value The novelty in this study is the development of new resin called NDR from polyethylene and polyurea group. The comparative study was carried out between NDR and three conventional resins (i.e. polyester, vinyl ester and epoxy). The NDR gives higher fastening strength to the fibers. Field emission scanning electron microscope images illustrate the better fastening ability of NDR compared with epoxy. The NDR provides an excellent strengthening effect on the RCC beam structure along with carbon fiber (Figure 2).

Effect of optimal routing on travel distance, travel time and fuel consumption of waste collection trucks

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassan Sulemana ◽  
Emmanuel Amponsah Donkor ◽  
Eric Kwabena Forkuo ◽  
Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Distance Travel

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to determine the effect of route optimization on travel distance, travel time and fuel consumption of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection trucks. Design/methodology/approach The study modeled the existing waste collection routes in three local authorities in Ghana and proposed optimal routes using Esri’s ArcGIS Network Analyst Extension. The system generated optimal distances and times were validated by subjecting collection trucks to the optimal routes. Paired sample t-test was used to analyze the differences in means of the existing and optimal outcomes. The collected data were subjected to correlation and uncertainty analyses. Findings Results from the study indicated that weekly travel distance reduced by 81.27 km, translating into saving of 4.79 percent when trucks used the optimal routes. Travel time and fuel consumption reduced by 853.59 min and 145.86 L, making savings of 14.21 and 10.81 percent, respectively. Significant differences occurred between the means of the existing and optimal routes for travel time and fuel consumption, for each of the three local authorities. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted in Ghana using data collected from three local authorities. Practical implications Significant reduction of MSW collection cost can be achieved by waste management practitioners through route optimization. Originality/value The effect of route optimization on travel distance, travel time and fuel consumption has been established. Statistical analyses of the existing and optimal outcomes of the three local authorities have been provided. The findings from this study support the hypothesis that optimal routes reduce operating cost through savings in travel distance, travel time and fuel consumption.

scholarly journals Ecological control strategy for cooperative autonomous vehicle in mixed traffic considering linear stability

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoru Lu ◽  
Chenhui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Linear Stability ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to present a cooperative adaptive cruise control, called stable smart driving model (SSDM), for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in mixed traffic streams with human-driven vehicles. Design/methodology/approach Considering the linear stability, SSDM is able to provide smooth deceleration and acceleration in the vehicle platoons with or without cut-in. Besides, the calibrated Virginia tech microscopic energy and emission model is applied in this study to investigate the impact of CAVs on the fuel consumption of the vehicle platoon and traffic flows. Under the cut-in condition, the SSDM outperforms ecological SDM and SDM in terms of stability considering different desired time headways. Moreover, single-lane vehicle dynamics are simulated for human-driven vehicles and CAVs. Findings The result shows that CAVs can reduce platoon-level fuel consumption. SSDM can save the platoon-level fuel consumption up to 15%, outperforming other existing control strategies. Considering the single-lane highway with merging, the higher market penetration of SSDM-equipped CAVs leads to less fuel consumption. Originality/value The proposed rule-based control method considered linear stability to generate smoother deceleration and acceleration curves. The research results can help to develop environmental-friendly control strategies and lay the foundation for the new methods.

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