Forgetting your mother tongue: the effect of early separation on the socioeconomic position

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
Cecilia Heilala ◽  
Erkki Komulainen ◽  
Nina Santavirta
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Temporary Migrants ◽  
Second World

Purpose – During Second World War 48,628 Finnish children were evacuated to Sweden and temporarily placed in foster care. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between the parental socioeconomic position (SEP), evacuation, language acquisition, and education and to analyze how these are related to SEP in separated compared to non-separated in later life. Design/methodology/approach – The sample consists of 749 separated and 1,535 non-separated persons. Pre-evacuation data on the separated were collected from the archives. The non-separated were matched for age, gender, place of birth, and mother tongue Finnish/Swedish. Data from both cohorts were collected by a postal questionnaire in autumn 2005. Stratified hierarchical regression analysis was used to predict SEP. Findings – The results show that the SEP and education of those Finnish-speaking evacuees who had lost their mother tongue when returning home were lower compared to the Finnish-speaking non-evacuees. On the contrary, the SEP of the Swedish-speaking evacuees was higher than of the Swedish-speaking non-evacuees. Research limitations/implications – Selection bias and attrition bias is a concern when interpreting the results. Practical implications – The study shows the importance of supporting the mother tongue of temporary migrants while staying in the host country and of taking actions for language policy planning when they return back home. Originality/value – This study uses data on a large child evacuation operation during Second World War to study how unaccompanied evacuation and loss of mother tongue affect SEP in later life. To the knowledge no such study has been conducted.

The US battle against brand marketing: circa 1930-1980

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D. Petty
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Movement ◽  
Brand Marketing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Second World

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the debate about brand marketing that occurred as part of the 1930s consumer movement and continued after the Second World War in academic and regulatory circles. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents an historical account of the anti-brand marketing movement using a qualitative approach. It examines both primary and secondary historical sources as well as legal statutes, regulatory agency actions, judicial cases and newspaper and trade journal stories. Findings In response to the rise of brand marketing in the latter 1800s and early 1900s, the USA experienced an anti-brand marketing movement that lasted half a century. The first stage was public as part of the consumer movement but was overshadowed by the product safety and truth-in-advertising concerns. The consumer movement stalled when the USA entered the Second World War, but brand marketing continued to raise questions during the war as the US government attempted to regulate the provisions of goods during the war. After the war, the public accepted brand marketing. Continuing anti-brand marketing criticism was largely confined to academic writings and regulatory activities. Ultimately, many of the stage-two challenges to brand marketing went nowhere, but a few led to regulations that continue today. Originality/value This paper is the first to recognize a two-stage anti-brand marketing movement in the USA from 1929 to 1980 that has left a small but significant modern-day regulatory legacy.

A (Non)Existing Language – Serbo-Croatian after WWII

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Pavel Krejčí ◽  
Elena Krejčová ◽  
Nadezhda Stalyanova
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Common Language ◽  
World War ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Second World

After the Second World War, Serbo-Croatian was formally declared on the basis of the so-called Novi Sad Agreement (1954). Its demise is connected to the demise of the Yu-goslav Federation (1992). The sociological, historical, political and ideological rea-sons of the rejection of this glossonym (and with it the rejection of the common lan-guage) were clearly the decisive factor, but they were not always the same. The Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks and Montenegrins had specific reasons for this. These reasons can be revealed, inter alia, by analyzing a number of declarative, proclaiming, explanatory, defending, shorter or longer texts on the language generated by all the above-mentioned national communities which used Serbo-Croatian as their first (mother) tongue after 1990. The most recent Declaration on the Common Language (2017) is unique in this sense.

Education for tourism: a perspective article

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-262
Author(s):  
David Airey
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Field ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Tourism Education ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to provide a short scholarly review on the development of tourism education that contributes to the celebration of 75 years of the Tourism Review. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on selective literature on the topic. Findings Tourism education has developed into a major field of study in the period since the Second World War, but after a long period of growth, it now faces some important challenges. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on selective literature. Practical implications The review provides a brief overview of the development and challenges for tourism education. Social implications The review provides a brief overview of the development and challenges for tourism education. Originality/value The paper provides a brief overview of developments.

From bread-maker to bomb-builder

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-224
Author(s):  
Tracy Moniz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
World War ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Analytical Category ◽  
Second World

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the construction of gender identity in the Canadian television series Bomb Girls (2012-2013), which depicted the lives of women working at a munitions factory during the Second World War. Design/methodology/approach This research is guided by a postmodern feminist and historiographic approach to organization studies. The study involved a qualitative content analysis of the series to explore the construction of gender identity among female factory workers, given traditional social constructions of gender prominent in wartime. Findings In its (re)construction and (re)negotiation of gender identity, Bomb Girls told a story about women’s working lives during the Second World War that reflected themes of independence, resilience and transformation. Research limitations/implications This paper contends that Bomb Girls is a revisionist work of postmodern feminist history that subverts gender norms and retrospectively offers a nuanced and progressive narrative about the lives of Canadian women who entered the workforce during the Second World War. Originality/value This research contributes to historiographical approaches to management and organization studies by bringing a postmodern feminist historical lens to the study of women’s work in a popular culture representation. In doing so, this research responds to long-standing and widespread calls for an “historic turn” in the field as well as for research that addresses gender as a central analytical category.

Prospects for the US economy in 2018

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Banking Committee ◽  
Second World

Subject Prospects for the US economy in 2018. Significance In 2018, US GDP should continue growing at the 2017 pace of 2.0-2.5%, and 0.2-0.3% higher if Congress can pass a tax cut. Incoming Federal Reserve (Fed) Chair Jerome Powell yesterday gave his first testimony to the Senate Banking Committee, vowing continuity and stability in monetary policy. US economic activity has been expanding for 100 months, the third-longest expansion since 1854 and almost twice the post-Second World War average of 58 months.

Africa will offer major tests for refugee compact

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
Second World ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

Subject Global Compact on Refugees. Significance Faced with refugee numbers unprecedented since the Second World War, the international community is pushing forward with a UN-convened Global Compact on Refugees (GCR), including a new Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF). The UN High Commissioner for Refugees presented the GCR as part of his September report to the UN General Assembly. Impacts Commitments by host states to expand economic opportunities for refugees in urban areas could prompt domestic opposition. A failure of richer countries to back the GCR with substantial funding could see African states delaying improved provisions for refugees. Poor infrastructure and lack of resources and technical expertise in host states remain major hurdles to meeting refugee rights. Rejection of the related Global Compact on Migration by the United States (among others) could undermine confidence in its viability.

The processes of inclusion and exclusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Hayes ◽  
Kerry Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Class Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to revisit the issue of the entry of women into the Anglo-Australian accounting profession in the Second World War and provide insights on the role that gender, class, and ethnicity played in mediating women’s relations with the accounting profession in that period. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on the narratives of three women from diverse social backgrounds who entered the Anglo-Australian profession during this period. Findings The analysis indicates that while participants had the mindset needed for accounting work, the more removed the individual’s perceived social identity was from her perception of the dominant British, white, middle-class ideology of the profession, the less likely she was to embrace the opportunity to join the accounting profession. The distance was anchored in social (ethnicity and class) and historical forces. The study also finds that the appropriation of education and credentials ameliorated disadvantages accruing from gender and working-class status. Practical implications This study has implications for our understanding of the accounting profession and what is required to reduce the risks of marginalization in a contemporary setting. Originality/value The study provides a richer understanding of how class and ethnicity shape the female experience differently. The results also demonstrate that in times of social change, the processes of inclusion and exclusion are not confined to the deliberations of the accounting profession but also the individual. Whether the women valued accounting as an occupation depended on whether or not if offered them the freedom to achieve what they valued most. At the same time, however, the freedom to realize what they valued most was a function of class and ethnicity. Finally, the results demonstrate the capacity of unique experience to shape the perceptions, aspirations and actions of women.

Ten top tips for small to medium enterprise (SME) success

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings – Owner-managed businesses were once the backbone of successful industry in the UK. However in the post-Second World War decades “big business” became the preferred model, with industries developing around new technologies. Today, as large industry is increasingly moving to countries with lower human-resource costs, the small to medium-sized enterprise (SME) is becoming the business model of choice for UK entrepreneurs. Understanding what makes a SME succeed or fail can provide guidance to both individual business owners and government agencies tasked with promoting economic growth. Practical implications – The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations. Originality/value – The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Landlord and Tenant Act 1954: time for a change?

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Malcolm John Dowden
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Court Of Appeal ◽  
Second World ◽  
Technical Rules ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – This legal update examines recent decisions on the security of tenure given by Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 to business tenants, and asks whether it is time to revisit or remove a piece of legislation that was drafted to deal with the consequences of war damage and short supply of commercial premises during the 1950s. It highlights the narrow, technical rules and distinctions that make little sense to commercial parties. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The paper considers recent court rulings in the light of the original purpose of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954, focusing on provisions that were reformed in 1969-reflect changes in market conditions since the immediate post-Second World War period. Findings – Narrow, technical rules and exceptions carry considerable risks for commercial landlords and may not be appropriate or necessary in current market conditions. Research limitations/implications – The paper examines only a recent selection of court rulings, but highlights the potentially harsh impact on commercial landlords of legislation designed to protect tenant interests in market conditions radically different from those prevailing some 60 years after its enactment. Practical implications – With no immediate prospect of reform, the paper highlights the need for landlords to adhere closely to the precise technical requirements of the Act. Originality/value – The paper is based on the author’s reading and analysis of recent Court of Appeal rulings.

scholarly journals Coping with traumatic memories: Second World War veterans' experiences of social support in relation to the narrative coherence of war memories

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN J. BURNELL ◽  
PETER G. COLEMAN ◽  
NIGEL HUNT
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Narrative Coherence ◽  
World War ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
War Experiences ◽  
Second World

ABSTRACTThis paper reports a qualitative study that used narrative analysis to explore how social support helps many armed-services veterans cope with traumatic memories. The analysis was carried out on two levels, that of narrative form (level of narrative coherence), argued to be indicative of reconciliation, and narrative content (themes of social support), which allowed exploration of the types of social support experienced by veterans with coherent, reconciled and incoherent narratives. Ten British male Second World War veterans were interviewed regarding their war experiences, presence of traumatic memories, and experiences of social support from comrades, family and society. Different patterns of support were qualitatively related to coherent, reconciled and incoherent narratives. Veterans with coherent narratives were no less likely to have experienced traumatic events than those with reconciled or incoherent narratives, but they reported more positive perceptions of their war experience and of the war's outcomes, more positive experiences of communication with family in later life, and more positive perceptions of societal opinion. The results are discussed in relation to how veterans can be supported by family and friends to reconcile their traumatic memories, thus to lessen the burden in later life when vital support resources may be unavailable.

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