Wind and the City: Utilizing UAV-Based In-Situ Measurements for Estimating Urban Wind Fields

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Patrikar ◽  
Brady G. Moon ◽  
Sebastian Scherer
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Assessing and modeling particulate pollution in the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) 

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1b) ◽  
pp. C20A14-1-C20A14-6
Author(s):  
Issoufou Ouarma ◽  
◽  
Bernard Nana ◽  
Kayaba Haro ◽  
Jean Koulidiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
The City

In the present work, the pollution levels of airborne particles in the city of Ouagadougou have been assessed through two campaigns of in situ measurements of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. These measures were performed using a portable device (AEROCET 531S) on roadside sites and on sites located in administrative services, secondary schools and outlying districts. Since in situ measurements don’t give any indication of the pollution that could be due to a new source (industrial plant, road, etc.) and how it is dispersed spatially and temporally, thus pollutant emissions from road traffic and the dispersion of these pollutants are obtained by a modelling chain that couples COPERT IV emission model under Pollemission code with MUNICH dispersion model. As results, the average 24-hour concentrations are 87±16 and 951±266 μg/m3 for the PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, in 2018 dry season. They are 29±5 and 158±43 μg/m3, respectively, in 2018 rainy season and, 22±9 and 187±67 μg/m3 in 2019 rainy season, respectively. These results show that independently of the season (dry or rainy), the PM10 concentrations are high and exceed the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines (WHO AQG) and European 24-hour threshold value of 50 μg/m3. Concerning the PM2.5 concentrations in dry season, they are high and exceed the WHO AQG and European 24-hour threshold value of 25 μg/m3. The results obtained concerning the modeling of the dispersion of PM air pollution due to road traffic in the city of Ouagadougou are partially satisfactory. The modeled maximum values of the exhaust emission factors are very high while the modeled concentrations are underestimated compared to the measured concentrations The estimated emission factors range between 0 and 400 g/km/h and between 0 and 303 g/km/h for exhaust PM2.5 and resuspension PM2.5, respectively. They vary between 0 and 2 997 g/km/h for resuspension PM10. Concerning the modelled concentrations, they are between 0 and 238 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and between 0 and 2 072 μg/m3 for PM10. These results can be improved with updated traffic and road characterization data.

The Carbon:²³⁴Thorium ratios of sinking particles in the California Current Ecosystem 2: Examination of a thorium sorption, desorption, and particle transport model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stukel ◽  
Thomas Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Particulate Organic Carbon ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
California Current ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Sinking Particles ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration

Thorium-234 (234Th) is a powerful tracer of particle dynamics and the biological pump in the surface ocean; however, variability in carbon:thorium ratios of sinking particles adds substantial uncertainty to estimates of organic carbon export. We coupled a mechanistic thorium sorption and desorption model to a one-dimensional particle sinking model that uses realistic particle settling velocity spectra. The model generates estimates of 238U-234Th disequilibrium, particulate organic carbon concentration, and the C:234Th ratio of sinking particles, which are then compared to in situ measurements from quasi-Lagrangian studies conducted on six cruises in the California Current Ecosystem. Broad patterns observed in in situ measurements, including decreasing C:234Th ratios with depth and a strong correlation between sinking C:234Th and the ratio of vertically-integrated particulate organic carbon (POC) to vertically-integrated total water column 234Th, were accurately recovered by models assuming either a power law distribution of sinking speeds or a double log normal distribution of sinking speeds. Simulations suggested that the observed decrease in C:234Th with depth may be driven by preferential remineralization of carbon by particle-attached microbes. However, an alternate model structure featuring complete consumption and/or disaggregation of particles by mesozooplankton (e.g. no preferential remineralization of carbon) was also able to simulate decreasing C:234Th with depth (although the decrease was weaker), driven by 234Th adsorption onto slowly sinking particles. Model results also suggest that during bloom decays C:234Th ratios of sinking particles should be higher than expected (based on contemporaneous water column POC), because high settling velocities minimize carbon remineralization during sinking.

Evaluation of reanalysis and satellite-based sea surface winds using in situ measurements from Chinese Antarctic Expeditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Ming LI ◽  
Qinghua YANG ◽  
Jiechen ZHAO ◽  
Lin ZHANG ◽  
Chunhua LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Winds ◽  
Sea Surface Winds

The effects of surcharged manholes on the travel time and dispersion of solutes in sewer systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Guymer ◽  
Rob O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Moment Method ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Time Change ◽  
Longitudinal Dispersion ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Sewer Systems

Previously, the design of sewer systems has been limited to studies of their hydraulic characteristics, in particular the ability of the system to convey the maximum discharge. Greater environmental awareness has necessitated that new designs, and some existing schemes, are assessed to determine the environmental load which the scheme will deliver to any downstream component. This paper describes a laboratory programme which has been designed to elucidate the effects of manholes on the longitudinal dispersion of solutes. A laboratory system is described, which allows in situ measurements to be taken of the concentration of a fluorescent solute tracer, both up- and down-stream of a surcharged manhole junction. Results are presented from a preliminary series of studies undertaken for a single manhole geometry over a range of discharges, with varying levels of surcharge. Results are presented showing the variation of travel time, change in second moment of the distribution and of a dispersion factor with surcharge, assuming a Taylor approach and determining the dispersion factor using a ‘change in moment’ method. The effect of the stored volume within the manhole is clearly evident. The limitations and the applicability of this approach are discussed.

scholarly journals Development of the Statistical Model for Monitoring Salinization in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam Using Remote Sensing Data and In-Situ Measurements

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Nguyen Nguyen Vu ◽  
Le Van Trung ◽  
Tran Thi Van
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Component Band

This article presents the methodology for developing a statistical model for monitoring salinity intrusion in the Mekong Delta based on the integration of satellite imagery and in-situ measurements. We used Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor (Landsat- 8 OLI and TIRS) satellite data to establish the relationship between the planetary reflectance and the ground measured data in the dry season during 2014. The three spectral bands (blue, green, red) and the principal component band were used to obtain the most suitable models. The selected model showed a good correlation with the exponential function of the principal component band and the ground measured data (R2 > 0.8). Simulation of the salinity distribution along the river shows the intrusion of a 4 g/L salt boundary from the estuary to the inner field of more than 50 km. The developed model will be an active contribution, providing managers with adaptation and response solutions suitable for intrusion in the estuary as well as the inner field of the Mekong Delta.

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