Women and Paid Work

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Gutek
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Emerging Topics

A productive workforce is a prime goal of the Decade of Behavior initiative. Thanks to the women's movement that started in the 1960s, the majority of adult women today are a part of that productive workforce, demonstrating their knowledge, skills and abilities, and earning a livelihood through paid employment. Nevertheless, real equal opportunity in paid work remains an elusive goal. In this paper, two major reviews of the literature on women and paid work written 20 years apart (Cleveland, Stockdale, & Murphy, 2000; Nieva & Gutek, 1981) serve to structure a discussion of what we know about women's experiences in paid work. Selective areas of research are reviewed under four kinds of topics: (1) topics that have disappeared over the past 20 years, (2) important topics that were not studied or could not be studied 20 years ago but are now (women as leaders), (3) previously neglected topics (stereotyping), and (4) rapidly emerging topics (mentoring, effects of preferential selection, sexual harassment). It is largely from feminist scholarship on women and paid work that we have been able to separate myth from reality through the accumulation of a sizable research-based literature. Unfortunately the body of research on women and paid work is still insufficiently integrated into the body of research on the psychology of work.

Ureteric stents: The past, present and future

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G Williams ◽  
Anthony JR Blacker ◽  
Priyadarshi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stent Migration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Stents ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Ureteric Stent ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ureteric Stents ◽  
Distal Migration ◽  
The 1960S

Ureteric stents are fundamental to modern-day urological practice. This article aims to chronicle their development over the last century and the key individuals whose efforts have made their development possible. Early stents were ureteric catheters that were exteriorised outside the body and were associated with complications including migration, infection and encrustation. The use of polyethylene stents in humans was first reported by Tulloch in 1952. Polyethylene was thought to be a promising material due to its durability and water-repellent nature. It would, however, suffer the problems that would become associated with stents over the following decades mentioned above. The first silicone ureteric stents were developed in the 1960s by Zimskind and provided prolonged, efficient drainage but were complicated with stent migration. Collars, wings, flanges and barbs were developed to help prevent migration. Finney developed a double ‘pig-tail’ stent in the 1970s which helped to prevent both proximal and distal migration and the modern-day ureteric stent was born. Modern polymers have been developed such as polyurethane or styrene ethylene-butylene (C-flex®). Metal stents have also been used over the last three decades including the Wallstent™, Resonance® and Memokath™ stents. They have shown promising results particularly when long-term relief of ureteric obstruction is needed. Various strategies are available for removal including cystoscopically, stents with a metallic end that can be removed by using a catheter with a magnet at the proximal end, tethered stents that can be removed noninvasively either by the urologist, nurse or even by the patient and dissolvable stents which are in development.

scholarly journals One Is a Claim, Two Is a Defense: Bringing an End to the Equal Opportunity Harasser Defense

2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Reasonable Time ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Immediate Supervisor ◽  
Almost Continuous

Consider the following three workplace scenarios. Alice, a female employee at ABC corporation, has been subjected to almost continuous harassment by her immediate supervisor, Bob, for the past two months. Several times each week, Bob makes crude and sexually suggestive comments and, on numerous occasions, Bob has touched Alice inappropriately in the workplace. Assuming Alice attempts to remedy this situation in a reasonable time period and her employer has unreasonably failed “to prevent and correct promptly any sexually harassing behavior,” Alice will most likely be able to bring a hostile workplace sex discrimination claim against her employer for Bob’s sexual harassment under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.3

The Subtle Body

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Cox
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subtle Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
American Counterculture ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Intellectual Movements ◽  
Late Roman

How does the soul relate to the body? Through the ages many religions and intellectual movements have posed answers to this question. Many have gravitated to the notion of the subtle body, positing some kind of subtle entity that is neither soul nor body, but some mixture of the two. This book traces the history of this idea from the late Roman Empire to the present day, touching on how philosophers, wizards, scholars, occultists, psychologists, and mystics have engaged with the idea over the past two thousand years. The book begins in the late Roman Empire, moving chronologically through the Renaissance, the British project of colonial Indology, the development of theosophy and occultism in the nineteenth century, and the Euro-American counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s.

Iron status of South African women working in a fruit-packing factory

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Wolmarans ◽  
MA Dhansay ◽  
EPG Mansvelt ◽  
JA Laubscher ◽  
AJS Benadé
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
The Past

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to determine the iron status, and the risk factors for iron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA), of non-pregnant adult women working in a fruit-packing factory.Design:A cross-sectional analytical study was done on 338 women, 18 to 55 years of age. Information on demographic data, risk factors for ID, smoking, and the consumption of red meat, chicken and fish was collected by questionnaire. Height and weight were measured and the body mass index (BMI) calculated. A non-fasting venous blood sample was analysed for haemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), serum iron, serum transferrin and C-reactive protein; transferrin saturation (TFS) was calculated.Setting:Fruit-packing factory in the Western Cape, South Africa.Results:The mean value for Hb was 13.06 (standard deviation (SD) 1.16) g dl−1 and for SF 48.0 (SD 47.8) μgl−1 (geometric mean 26.44 μgl−1). Women (n = 325) were categorised on the basis of iron status: 60% had a normal iron status (NIS); 12.6% had low TFS (<16%) but normal Hb (≥12 g dl−1) and SF (≥12 μgl−1) concentrations (LTS); and 27.4% had low iron status (LIS), defined as combinations of low SF (<12 μgl−1 or <20 μgl−1), low TFS (<16%) and low Hb (<12 gdl−1). More than 30% of the women were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kgm−2). The risk ratio for LIS (LIS vs. NIS) was 3.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–7.6) if women were still menstruating or 3.2 (95% CI 1.6–6.2) if they were pregnant during the past 12 months. Women with LIS consumed significantly smaller portions of red meat, chicken and fish than did women in the other two groups.Conclusions:IDA (low Hb, SF and TFS) and ID (low SF and TFS) did not seem to be a major problem. Women who were still menstruating or were pregnant during the past 12 months were at greater risk for ID. The consumption of smaller portions of red meat, chicken and fish was related to LIS. A high prevalence of obesity, which demonstrated the coexistence of both under- and overnutrition, was observed.

Derrida on Pornography: Putting (It) Up for Sale

Derrida Today ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morris
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Original ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
Academic Debate

Over the past thirty years, academic debate over pornography in the discourses of feminism and cultural studies has foundered on questions of the performative and of the word's definition. In the polylogue of Droit de regards, pornography is defined as la mise en vente that is taking place in the act of exegesis in progress. (Wills's idiomatic English translation includes an ‘it’ that is absent in the French original). The definition in Droit de regards alludes to the word's etymology (writing by or about prostitutes) but leaves the referent of the ‘sale’ suspended. Pornography as la mise en vente boldly restates the necessary iterability of the sign and anticipates two of Derrida's late arguments: that there is no ‘the’ body and that performatives may be powerless. Deriving a definition of pornography from a truncated etymology exemplifies the prosthesis of origin and challenges other critical discourses to explain how pornography can be understood as anything more than ‘putting (it) up for sale’.

Receptions of the Past: Commemoration, Racism, Desire

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.

Body and Desire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael A. Cadenhead
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gregory Of Nyssa ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
Sex And Sexuality ◽  
Diachronic Analysis

Although the reception of the Eastern father Gregory of Nyssa has varied over the centuries, the past few decades have witnessed a profound awakening of interest in his thought, particularly in relation to the contentious issues of gender, sex, and sexuality. The Body and Desire sets out to retrieve the full range of Gregory’s thinking on the challenges of the ascetic life through a diachronic analysis of his oeuvre. Exploring his understanding of the importance of bodily and spiritual maturation in the practices of contemplation and virtue, Raphael Cadenhead recovers the vital relevance of this vision of transformation for contemporary ethical discourse.

Stress management: Corpus-based insights into vernacular interpretations of stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Laurel Smith Stvan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
American English ◽  
Physical Symptom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Semantic Shift

Examination of the term stress in naturally occurring vernacular prose provides evidence of three separate senses being conflated. A corpus analysis of 818 instances of stress from non-academic texts in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the Corpus of American Discourses on Health (CADOH) shows a negative prosody for stress, which is portrayed variously as a source outside the body, a physical symptom within the body and an emotional state. The data show that contemporary speakers intermingle the three senses, making more difficult a discussion between doctors and patients of ways to ‘reduce stress’, when stress might be interpreted as a stressor, a symptom, or state of anxiety. This conflation of senses reinforces the impression that stress is pervasive and increasing. In addition, a semantic shift is also refining a new sense for stress, as post-traumatic stress develops as a specific subtype of emotional stress whose use has increased in circulation in the past 20 years.

How Girls Generation Use Erotic Capital?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Women's Studies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Musical Performances ◽  
Women’S Studies ◽  
Workplace Romance ◽  
Erotic Capital

We didn’t work like common women's studies work on sexuality that generally focuses on sexual harassment or workplace romance to the exclusion of strategic forms of erotic capital. However, we consider women’s strategic sexual performances as a form of social influence and address the positive and negative consequences that may follow. This review highlights the occurrence and complexities of erotic capital in Girls Generation’s musical performances and modelling career, then discusses the important implications of use their erotic capital (i.e. face and leg) to influence others or gain desired ends. In so doing, the findings highlight a need for rethinking traditional conceptualizations of empowerment and initiates a new direction for feminist scholarship in this regard.

OZA KIOZA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Women's Studies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Women’S Studies ◽  
Workplace Romance ◽  
Erotic Capital

The work of women's studies on sexuality generally focuses on sexual harassment or workplace romance to the exclusion of strategic forms of erotic capital. We consider women’s strategic sexual performances as a form of social influence and address the positive and negative consequences that may follow. We provides narrative biography of Oza Kioza as a singer. Then, this review highlights the occurrence and complexities of erotic capital in Oza Kioza's career and discusses the important implications of use her erotic capital (i.e. breast) to influence others or gain desired ends. In so doing, the findings highlight a need for rethinking traditional conceptualizations of empowerment whereby resistance equals empowering and reproduction equals disempowering, and initiates a new direction for feminist scholarship in this regard.

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