European Foreign and Security Policy in the MakingGiegerichB. (ed.) (2010) Europe and Global Security. New York: Routledge.LaïdiZ. (ed.) (2008) EU Foreign Policy in a Globalized World: Normative Power and Social Preferences. New York: Routledge.KaunertC. (ed.) (2010) European Internal Security: Towards Supranational Governance in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. Manchester: Manchester University Press.MerlingenM.OstrauskeiteR. (eds) (2008) European Security and Defence Policy: An Implementation Perspective. New York: Routledge.

This chapter examines the European Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). From 1993 to 2009, external political relations formed the second pillar of the EU, on CFSP. Although CFSP was officially an intergovernmental pillar, the European Commission came to play an important role. There were serious attempts to strengthen the security and defence aspects of the CFSP in the face of the threats that faced the EU from instability in its neighbouring territories. However, the EU remains far from having a truly supranational foreign policy and its status as a ‘power’ in international relations is debatable. The chapter first provides a historical background on the CFSP, focusing on the creation of the European Political Co-operation (EPC), before discussing the CFSP and the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). It concludes with an assessment of EU power and its impact on world politics.

Download Full-text

As presidências portuguesas do Conselho da União Europeia: promovendo a "Europa global" em busca de relevância internacional

Relações Internacionais ◽

10.23906/ri2020.68a04 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 39-58

Author(s):

Laura C. Ferreira-Pereira ◽

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Security Policy ◽

The European Union ◽

European Security ◽

Defence Policy ◽

Foreign And Security Policy ◽

The Common

This article examines the legacy of the three Portuguese Presidencies of the Council of the European Union (1992, 2000 and 2007) in the framework of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). It places particular emphasis on the efforts undertaken by the national authorities to promote the EU’s global actorness as part of a strategy aimed at enhancing the country’s European credentials and international relevance. The study confirms the incremental prioritization of the CFSP/ESDP-related issues in the Portuguese EU presidencies’ agendas while concluding that, as a result of such tendency, one has witnessed the growing projection of Portugal’s vision of the European foreign policy.

Download Full-text

Migration issues in the EU’s common foreign and security policy – selected aspects

Studia Prawnicze KUL ◽

10.31743/sp.12590 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 43-59

Author(s):

Tomasz Dubowski

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Security Policy ◽

Migration Policy ◽

External Action ◽

The European Union ◽

Eu Foreign Policy ◽

Foreign And Security Policy ◽

The Subject ◽

The Eu

In the discussion on the EU migration policy, it is impossible to evade the issue of the relation between this policy and the EU foreign policy, including EU common foreign and security policy. The subject of this study are selected links between migration issues and the CFSP of the European Union. The presented considerations aim to determine at what levels and in what ways the EU’s migration policy is taken into account in the space of the CFSP as a diplomatic and political (and subject to specific rules and procedures) substrate of the EU’s external action.

Download Full-text

Article 24 TEU

The EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198759393.003.34 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Ramopoulos

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Security Policy ◽

Defence Policy ◽

Foreign And Security Policy ◽

Common Defence

The Union’s competence in matters of common foreign and security policy shall cover all areas of foreign policy and all questions relating to the Union’s security, including the progressive framing of a common defence policy that might lead to a common defence.

Download Full-text

Common foreign and security policy and European security and defence policy after the Lisbon Treaty – Old problems solved?

Croatian Yearbook of European Law and Policy ◽

10.3935/cyelp.05.2009.90 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julia Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Security Policy ◽

Lisbon Treaty ◽

European Security ◽

Defence Policy ◽

Foreign And Security Policy

Download Full-text

The Common Foreign and Security Policy

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.155 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Hylke Dijkstra ◽

Sophie Vanhoonacker

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Security Policy ◽

Policy Outcomes ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Eu Foreign Policy ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

Foreign And Security Policy ◽

The Common ◽

The Eu

The member states of the European Union (EU) coordinate, define, and implement foreign policy in the context of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). This policy area, often referred to as EU foreign policy, has a broad scope covering all areas of foreign policy and all questions relating to security and defense. The CFSP is supported by a unique institutional framework, in which member states diplomats and officials from the EU institutions jointly make policy. It is led by the High Representative, who is the “face and voice” of EU foreign policy, and supported by the substantial European External Action Service and 140 EU delegations in other countries and international organizations. Because foreign policy is normally the business of sovereign states, the exceptional nature of the CFSP has long been a subject of inquiry. The CFSP has particularly puzzled advocates of the traditional theories of European integration and international relations, who have failed to appreciate what the EU does in the field of high politics. Given the absence of formal diplomatic recognition and a strong reliance on the resources of the member states, the EU is still not a full-fledged actor, yet it has a strong international presence nonetheless. Its presence and the gradual increase in “actorness” have also raised questions about whether the EU presents a different type of actor, a civilian or normative power, which derives its influence from non-traditional sources of power. Under the assumption that the EU has some actorness, the Europeanization of foreign policy has become an area of interest. Member states can act through the EU structure to achieve more impact internationally, can adjust national foreign policy on the basis of EU positions, and are socialized into greater European coordination. The relationship between national and EU foreign policy is thus a significant topic of debate. Finally, governance perspectives increasingly provide insight into the organization of the CFSP. How the member states and the EU institutions collectively coordinate, define, and implement EU foreign policy is not only an important question in itself but also matters for policy outcomes.

Download Full-text

From Convergence to Divergence: The Compatibility of Turkish and EU Foreign Policy

EU-Turkey Relations ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-70890-0_13 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 323-346

Author(s):

Zerrin Torun

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Soft Power ◽

Security Policy ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Turkish Foreign Policy ◽

Eu Foreign Policy ◽

Foreign Policies ◽

Foreign And Security Policy ◽

The Eu

AbstractThis chapter assesses the compatibility of Turkish and EU foreign policies between 1959 and 2020. Based on the analysis of key international developments and Turkey’s alignment with the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), the chapter identifies four periods that were characterized by different degrees of convergence and divergence. In the period between 1959 and 1998 compatibility was relatively high as Turkish foreign policy was guided by the goal of remaining part of the Western community of states throughout the Cold War and its immediate aftermath. Between 1999 and 2002, Turkish foreign policy became regionally more active, in a similar way to that of the EU, but produced few results. The period between 2003 and 2010, up to the Arab Spring, is identified as the ‘golden age’ of compatibility between Turkish and EU foreign policies. Turkey’s prevailing ethos of this period, i.e., relying on soft power and cooperation with neighbors, was generally in line with the EU’s foreign policy approach. Since 2011, divergences between the EU and Turkey have increased, in particular with regard to Syria, Cyprus, and the Eastern Mediterranean. As Turkey defined its norms and interests differently from the EU, its rate of alignment with the EU’s CFSP decreased remarkably. The chapter concludes by looking to the future, arguing that cooperation between the EU and Turkey is likely to focus on issues where there is strong compatibility in selected areas only, such as pandemics, counterterrorism, migration, and energy, and will be primarily based on ad hoc mechanisms.

Download Full-text

The EU Battlegroups (EUBGs) – a successful story or a paper tiger?

Croatian International Relations Review ◽

10.2478/cirr-2013-0005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (68) ◽

pp. 106-127

Author(s):

Beatrica Šmaguc

Keyword(s):

Significant Role ◽

Security Policy ◽

Added Value ◽

European Security ◽

Member States ◽

Defence Policy ◽

The World ◽

Foreign And Security Policy ◽

The Common ◽

The Eu

Abstract After decades of reliance upon NATO in security matters, the EU ought to develop security assets of its own in order to protect its interests and citizens. The Common Foreign and Security Policy as an expression of EU readiness and willingness to play a more significant role in security matters on the international stage led to the creation of the European Security and Defence Policy, thus putting at the EU’s disposal civilian and military capabilities for dealing with the crisis spots around the world. The EUBG concept originated with the first member states’ pledges in November 2004 which gave added value to the EU in the security and defence area, at least on paper, while so far no EUBG has been deployed in the theatre of operations.

Download Full-text

25. Common Foreign and Security Policy

Politics in the European Union ◽

10.1093/hepl/9780198820635.003.0025 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 476-494

Author(s):

Simon Bulmer ◽

Owen Parker ◽

Ian Bache ◽

Stephen George ◽

Charlotte Burns

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

International Relations ◽

Security Policy ◽

Economic Power ◽

Internal Dynamics ◽

Member States ◽

Defence Policy ◽

Foreign And Security Policy ◽

External Events ◽

The Eu

This chapter examines the European Union’s (EU’s) Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). It tells the story of increasing co-operation between member states on foreign policy matters, first with European Political Co-operation (EPC) and, since the 1990s, with CFSP and a Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The chapter highlights the internal dynamics and external events that drove the member states towards such co-operation and considers the most recent example of such efforts: the 2017 attempt to create a system of permanent structured co-operation (PESCO). However, it is noted that the EU remains far from having a truly supranational foreign policy and there remains a reluctance from member states to push much further integration, given states’ keen desire to remain sovereign in this area. Finally, the chapter considers the EU’s status as a ‘power’ in international relations, noting that it has diminished in important respects since 2003, but remains an important economic power.

Download Full-text

9. The EU as a Global Actor

The European Union: How does it work? ◽

10.1093/hepl/9780198807490.003.0009 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 193-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John Peterson ◽

Niklas Helwig

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

International Development ◽

Security Policy ◽

Eu Foreign Policy ◽

Global Power ◽

Foreign Policies ◽

Foreign And Security Policy ◽

Single Voice ◽

Eu Policies ◽

The Eu

The European Union’s ambitions to be a global power are a surprising by-product of European integration. Students of European foreign policy mostly focus on EU trade, aid, and the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). But the national foreign policy activities of its member states cannot be neglected. On most economic issues, the EU is able to speak with a genuinely single voice. It has more difficulty showing solidarity on aid policy but is powerful when it does. The Union’s external policy aspirations now extend to traditional foreign and security policy. But distinct national policies persist, and the EU suffers from fragmented leadership. The chapter begins by considering the development of EU foreign policy and then considers how a national system of foreign policies exists alongside EU policies in the area of trade and international development. It then examines the EU’s CFSP and Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP).

Download Full-text