scholarly journals The Role of Moral Beliefs, Memories, and Preferences in Representations of Identity

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Heiphetz ◽  
Nina Strohminger ◽  
Liane L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Moral Beliefs

scholarly journals Debunking, supervenience, and Hume’s Principle

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1083-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Leng
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Realism ◽  
Mathematical Beliefs ◽  
Conceptual Truth ◽  
Hume’S Principle ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Debunking Arguments ◽  
Moral Facts

AbstractDebunking arguments against both moral and mathematical realism have been pressed, based on the claim that our moral and mathematical beliefs are insensitive to the moral/mathematical facts. In the mathematical case, I argue that the role of Hume’s Principle as a conceptual truth speaks against the debunkers’ claim that it is intelligible to imagine the facts about numbers being otherwise while our evolved responses remain the same. Analogously, I argue, the conceptual supervenience of the moral on the natural speaks presents a difficulty for the debunker’s claim that, had the moral facts been otherwise, our evolved moral beliefs would have remained the same.

The Role of Moral Beliefs, Shame, and Guilt in Criminal Decision Making

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Svensson ◽  
Lieven J. R. Pauwels ◽  
Frank M. Weerman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
Rule Breaking

Morality, and particularly the capacity to experience shame and/or guilt, may be viewed as sediments of early experiences with the commitment of acts of crime and rule-breaking and the consequences of these acts. This chapter addresses the specific roles of moral beliefs and moral emotions such as shame and guilt and how they are related to criminal decisions. It presents an overview of relevant theoretical frameworks that explain why and how moral beliefs and moral emotions affect criminal decision making. The focus of this chapter is particularly on anticipations of shame and guilt, two powerful and painful emotions that humans naturally want to avoid. In addition, findings from empirical studies are reviewed, and implications for criminological theory and prevention are addressed.

Religious Speech

2021 ◽  
pp. 498-517
Author(s):  
Gautam Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Religious Speech ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Normative Value

This chapter examines religious speech, and the tensions between religion and freedom of expression. As a wide-ranging system of moral beliefs and commitments, religion, by its very nature, assigns to the freedom of expression a particular place in its hierarchical order of values. In non-theocratic States, this may clash with the (higher) normative value accorded to the freedom of expression under the secular order. Religious claims themselves will often be made from within the constitutional system: that is, the State’s own constitutional commitment to protect religious freedom will be invoked to argue that, in certain domains, the secular order must defer to religion’s hierarchy of values. This may include the subordination of religious expression to revealed religious truth. Disputes will often also involve contestation over a constellation of other constitutional norms, such as the commitment to maintaining diversity and pluralism, the right to equality and cultural dissent, and not least, the imperatives of public order. Consequently, such disputes raise a host of complex issues. The State’s adjudicatory authorities must decide whether to attempt an accommodation between the conflicting claims of religion and free speech, or privilege one over the other. The chapter then discusses the role of religion in censorship.

Pornography Use and Depressive Symptoms: Examining the Role of Moral Incongruence

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Cognitive Stress ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Pornography Use

While studies have consistently observed an association between pornography use and depressive symptoms, data limitations have precluded understanding the nature of this relationship. Drawing on data from a representative panel study of American adults and building on insights from stress process theory, this article demonstrates that the connection between pornography use and depressive symptoms hinges on the (1) (in)congruence between Americans’ moral beliefs about pornography and their viewing practices and (2) gender. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses reveal that American men (not women) who believe viewing pornography is always immoral but watch it anyway are more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to others who do not report this incongruence. Results also suggest the connection between viewing pornography and depressive symptoms is bidirectional, contingent on men’s moral evaluation of its use. For male porn users who morally reject it, pornography use predicts depressive symptoms at low frequencies, likely stemming from cognitive stress or dissonance. For those who do not morally reject porn, however, only viewing it at the highest frequencies is associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, which suggests reverse causation—depressed men likely view higher levels of pornography as a coping aid, especially when they do not view it as immoral.

scholarly journals STUNNING DESTINIES OF FAMOUS STUDENTS OF KHARKOV UNIVERSITY

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Deputy Chairman ◽  
The Way

In the destiny of a woman at all times, a great role was played by love. Is the life of a woman always wonderful when it is governed by love? The article attempts to answer this question by the example of two student-peers of the same department of Kharkov University. One of them is Galina Arturovna Benislavskaya. She was a journalist, literary worker, friend and literary secretary of Sergei Yesenin, who selflessly loved the poet and became for him “mother-servant”. Her destiny allows us to confirm the opposite: on December 3, 1926, she shot herself at the poet's grave. The article contains little-known facts from her personal life and creativity. Another student is Dvora Israilevna Nezer. They both are outstanding personalities, representatives of the generation of women who fought for gender equality. Unlike G. A. Benislavskaya, the destiny of D. I. Netzer was successful, thanks to the fact that she did not divide her life into constituent parts: love, husband, children, career. Little-known facts of her biography are cited. She was happy in marriage, raised two children (daughter, professor Rina Shapiro – winner of the Israel Prize in the field of education), reached unprecedented political heights for the students of the Kharkov University (she became deputy chairman of the Knesset). It is asserted that irrespective of the choice of profession and the way of its realization, acceptance and reassessment of religious and moral beliefs, political views, the adoption of a set of social roles regarding marriage, motherhood, etc., the harmony of personality plays a decisive role in the destiny of women. At the same time, the author does not deny the great role of love in the life of mankind.

Who am I? The role of moral beliefs in children's and adults' understanding of identity

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Heiphetz ◽  
Nina Strohminger ◽  
Susan A. Gelman ◽  
Liane L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Moral Beliefs

Moral Psychology, Neuroscience, and Non-Combatant Immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 203-226
Author(s):  
Richard Price
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Normative Practice ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Some have argued for the relevance for normative ethics of empirical research in international relations on the origins and role of moral norms. Building on such arguments, the paper considers the relevance of contemporary research in moral psychology and neuroscience for the ethics of war. Research in those fields has implications for our understanding of the sources and nature of moral beliefs and judgement, and thus may shed light on efforts to morally bound violence. In this chapter I consider how such research helps us understand the norm of non-combatant immunity, and explore the implications for understanding the effectiveness of such norms and for normative practice.

scholarly journals DOES EMOTIONAL MATURITY HELP TO EXPRESS MORAL BELIEFS? EVALUATING ‘MORAL GAMES FOR TEACHING BIOETHICS’ AMONGST ROMANIAN AND POLISH STUDENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 764-771
Author(s):  
Bartosz PĹ‚otka ◽  
Cristina Iulia Ghenu ◽  
Laura Brad
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Emotional Maturity ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Academic Teaching ◽  
High Level

The recent development of biotechnology generated a new set of individual and public moral dilemmas gathered under the name of bioethics or biopolitics. These issues are specific because they merge – as nothing else before – moral, private and political spheres. Thus, public awareness of these cases and of any elements that can influence personal bioethical decisions must be stimulated. One of such methods is the academic teaching of bioethics. Since Darryl R.J. Macer defined the latter as “the love of life, reflecting the hope that bioethics may value life in a process involving emotions and rationality” we found interesting to investigate the role of emotional maturity (EM) in solving bioethical dilemmas. The study involved 103 Polish and Romanian students asked first to fill the Friedman’s emotional maturity form and then solve chosen exercises based on UNESCO’s Moral Games for Teaching Bioethics. The results indicate that a high level of emotional maturity correlates positively with the students’ ability to express their moral beliefs for Romanians and negatively for Poles; therefore, the results indicate there is a need to modernize the actual standards for teaching bioethics by enriching them with either emotional or rational components according to the cultural premises.

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