scholarly journals Unravelling the distinctive growth mechanism of proso millet ( Panicum miliaceum L.) under salt stress: From root‐to‐leaf adaptations to molecular response

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Yuan ◽  
Caoyang Wu ◽  
Long Liu ◽  
Qian Ma ◽  
Qinghua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet

scholarly journals Unravelling the Strategies for Cell wall Biosynthesis used by Salt-Tolerant Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under Salt Stress: From Root Structure to Molecular Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Yuan ◽  
Chunjuan Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Qian Ma ◽  
Qinghua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Energy Shortage

Abstract Background: Considering the twin global problems of increasingly serious energy shortage and effects of salt stress on biofuel plants, breeding of salt-resistant biofuel plant and the discovery of mechanisms for biomass accumulation under salt stress is necessary for energy shortage. Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is very resilient to abiotic stress, especially to land degradation caused by soil salinization, and its promising as dedicated bioenergy crops for the production of renewable fuels and forage, due to its high photosynthetic efficiency C4 plant and ability to grow in a range of environmental conditions. However, the mechanisms by which the roots of proso millet adapt and tolerate salt-stress are obscure.Results: In this study, plants of a salt-sensitive cultivar (SS 212) and a salt-tolerant cultivar (ST 47) of proso millet were exposed to severe salt stress and subsequent re-watering. ST 47 exhibited greater salt tolerance and faster recovery than SS 212, as evidenced by higher increases in total root length (TRL), root surface area (RSA), root tip number (RTN), biomass. Moreover, microstructural analysis showed that relative to SS 212, the roots of ST 47 could maintain more intact internal structures, and thicker cell wall under salt stress, thereby stronger resistance to salt toxicity and maintenance of growth. Digital RNA sequence analysis suggested more genes involved in salt stress resistance were induced in ST 47 than in SS 212. In ST 47 also, re-watering restored most genes that had been induced by salt stress. Results of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis revealed that ST 47 maintained better Na+/ K+ balance to resist Na+ toxicity via a higher capability to restrict Na+ uptake, vacuolar Na+ sequestration, and Na+ exclusion. The mechanism for cell wall biosynthesis in cultivar ST 47 involved the promotion of cell wall composition changes, via efficient regulation of galactose metabolism and biosynthesis of cellulose and phenylpropanoids. Conclusions: Overall, this study provides valuable salt-resistant biofuel resources and mechanisms for relieving the world energy shortage, which could be applied for the rehabilitation of saline lands.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological and molecular characterization of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) varieties for crop improvement in Western Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Vischi ◽  
Nicola Zorzin ◽  
Maria Bernhart ◽  
Johanna Winkler ◽  
Dipak Santra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background Global warming and issues in favour of a more sustainable agriculture suggest a reconsideration of minor cereals in European agrosystems. Compared to other summer crops, proso millet has a remarkable drought resistance and could be used to improve crop rotation and biodiversity. Proso millet is also increasingly sought by industry to produce novel foods such as those designed for coeliac patients. In this study, a thorough characterization of 11, commercially available, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) varieties was carried out as a preliminary step for crop reintroduction and breeding in Western Europe. Methods The cultivars under evaluation were introduced from Austria, Poland, Russia, and the USA (University of Nebraska–Lincoln). Plants were grown at Udine (NE Italy) and Gleisdorf (Styria, Austria), under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Yield components and a range of morphophysiological characters were recorded in both locations. In parallel, 85 SSR markers were tested on DNA samples extracted from randomly chosen plants of each variety and the 12 responsive markers used to genotype the whole variety set. Results Morphometric analyses showed that varieties have several diverging phenotypic traits and architectures. In all instances, yields recorded at field level were much lower than potential yields. In this respect, US selections were comparable to earlier developed European varieties, suggesting that breeding for an increased adaptation is the keystone for a stable reintroduction of millet in Western Europe. Molecular analyses uncovered remarkably low genetic differences and heterozygosity levels within cultivars, confirming millet as an essentially autogamous species; in contrast, large genetic distances were noted among cultivars selected in different environments. Results of SSR genotyping combined with those originating from phenotypic analyses indicated possible crosses to source the genetic variability necessary for selection. Conclusions This study enabled the identification of cultivars that could be used to revitalize the crop in Western Europe and to produce genetically variable hybrid progenies exploitable by breeding.

Metabolism of a Pyrrolidine Urea Herbicide in Corn and Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Holm ◽  
D. E. Stallard
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
The Hill

Five 2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinecarboxanilides were effective inhibitors of the Hill reaction. However, only thecisisomers were active; thetransisomers were totally inactive. Experiments were conducted using14C-5328 (cis-2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinecarboxanilide). A correlation existed between resistance of various plants to 5328 and their ability to metabolize it to water soluble metabolites. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL.) seedlings were very susceptible to 5328 and were unable to metabolize it. Tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth] seedlings were highly tolerant to 5328 and converted it completely to its metabolites. Corn (Zea maysL. ‘DeKalb variety XL-45′) seedlings which were slightly susceptible to 5328 injury were able to metabolize up to 90% of the parent compound. Corn foliage uptake of14C-5328 applied to the soil surface occurred through the adventitious roots.

Nitrogen Application for Short-Term Forages in Saudi Arabia. II. Summer Annuals: Maize, Proso Millet and Foxtail Millet

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
P. W. Bartholomew ◽  
R. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Maize Variety

SUMMARYNitrogen fertilizer requirements and potential forage yield of maize and two millet types grown under irrigation in Saudi Arabia were assessed. Nitrogen application at 50 kg/ha produced mean yields of up to 15.7 t/ha in maize variety Pioneer H.3147. Splitting the nitrogen application did not significantly affect yield. Nitrogen above 100 kg/ha did not significantly increase DM yield of Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum). Mean total DM yields of 17.6 t/ha of Setaria italica were produced, after 111 days, with 150–200 kg/ha of nitrogen; 150 kg/ha of P2O5 produced a mean DM yield 7.9% higher than 75 kg P2O5/ha.

scholarly journals A Survey of Viral Diseases of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
Hyun-Geun Min ◽  
Chung Youl Park ◽  
Hong-Kyu Lee ◽  
Yoon-Ah Yeom ◽  
Jonghee Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

scholarly journals Molecular response of canola to salt stress: insights on tolerance mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Shokri-Gharelo ◽  
Pouya Motie-Noparvar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Salt Response ◽  
The Many

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is widely cultivated around the world for the production of edible oils and biodiesel fuel. Despite many canola varieties being described as ‘salt-tolerant’, plant yield and growth decline drastically with increasing salinity. Although many studies have resulted in better understanding of the many important salt-response mechanisms that control salt signaling in plants, detoxification of ions, and synthesis of protective metabolites, the engineering of salt-tolerant crops has only progressed slowly. Genetic engineering has been considered as an efficient method for improving the salt tolerance of canola but there are many unknown or little-known aspects regarding canola response to salinity stress at the cellular and molecular level. In order to develop highly salt-tolerant canola, it is essential to improve knowledge of the salt-tolerance mechanisms, especially the key components of the plant salt-response network. In this review, we focus on studies of the molecular response of canola to salinity to unravel the different pieces of the salt response puzzle. The paper includes a comprehensive review of the latest studies, particularly of proteomic and transcriptomic analysis, including the most recently identified canola tolerance components under salt stress, and suggests where researchers should focus future studies.

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