scholarly journals Spatial patterns of tree species distribution in New Guinea primary and secondary lowland rain forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Fibich ◽  
Jan Lepš ◽  
Vojtěch Novotný ◽  
Petr Klimeš ◽  
Jakub Těšitel ◽  
...  
Human Ecology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Dwyer ◽  
Monica Minnegal

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny J. Gullan ◽  
Ralf C. Buckley ◽  
Philip S. Ward

ABSTRACTEight species of Myzolecanium Beccari (Hemiptera: Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) are reported from ant nests in stem cavities of living lowland rain forest trees in Papua New Guinea. The coccids are confined to this microhabitat but are associated with a taxonomically broad range of ants and host trees. Attendant ants belonged to six species in three genera and two subfamilies: Anonychomyrma Donisthorpe (Dolichoderinae), Crematogaster Lund (Myrmicinae) and Podomyrma F. Smith (Myrmicinae). Host plants belonged to at least five families and included both apparently specialized (with domatia) and unspecialized species. Saplings containing the nests of Anonychomyrma scrutator (F. Smith), Anonychomyrma sp. 1 and Podomyrma laevifrons F. Smith were dissected and the structure of nest chambers and their contents recorded. Only some chambers had entrance holes, but many were interconnected by transverse passages. The coccids were in low numbers and fairly evenly distributed between ant-occupied chambers. The characteristics of the Myzolecanium-ant association, the role of the coccids as trophobionts, and the nature of the plant associations are discussed. Taxonomically, new combinations are proposed by P. J. Gullan for three species previously placed in Cryptostigma Ferris: Myzolecanium endoeucalyptus (Qin & Gullan), M. magnetinsulae (Qin & Gullan), and M. robertsi (Williams & Watson).


2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ctvrtecka ◽  
Katerina Sam ◽  
Erik Brus ◽  
George D. Weiblen ◽  
Vojtech Novotny

Abstract:A community of frugivorous weevils was studied by quantitative rearing of 57 weevil species represented by 10485 individuals from 326 woody plant species in lowland rain forest in Papua New Guinea. Only fruits from 35% of plant species were attacked by weevils. On average, weevils were reared from only 1 in 33 fruits and 1 kg of fruit was attacked by 2.51 individuals. Weevil host specificity was relatively high: 42% of weevil species fed on a single plant genus, 19% on a single plant family and only 16% were reared from more than one family. However, monophagous specialists represented only 23% of all reared individuals. The average 1 kg of fruits was infested by 1.84 individuals of generalist weevils (feeding on allogeneric or allofamilial host species), 0.52 individual of specialists (feeding on a single or several congeneric species), and 0.15 individual of unknown host specificity. Large-seeded fruits with thin mesocarp tended to host specialist species whereas those with thick, fleshy mesocarp were often infested with both specialists and generalists. Weevils tended to avoid small-seeded, fleshy fruits. The low incidence of seed damage (3% of seeds) suggests that weevils are unlikely to play a major role in regulating plant populations via density-dependent mortality processes outlined by the Janzen–Connell hypothesis.


2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2096-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Bryan ◽  
Phil Shearman ◽  
Julian Ash ◽  
J. B. Kirkpatrick

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-390
Author(s):  
Xander M. Van der Burgt ◽  
David M. Newbery ◽  
Sylvanos Njibili

Background and aims – We studied a cluster of trees in the Leguminosae subfamily Detarioideae, to: (1) determine the size, structure, and tree species composition of this cluster; (2) map the size, shape, and structure of groups of individual Detarioideae tree species in the cluster.Location – Lowland rain forest in southern Korup National Park, in the Southwest Region of Cameroon.Material and methods – Trees in permanent plots were recorded using standard plot enumeration techniques. Outside plots, single-species tree groups were recorded by a rapid technique. From this data, detailed maps of groups of trees were prepared.Key results – Detarioideae tree species occur co-dominant in a cluster of at least 32 km2 with an irregular shape. The cluster contained at least 42 Detarioideae tree species; at least 29 of these occurred in groups ranging in size from 50 to 4000 m across, depending on the species. Groups usually had circular shapes, caused by ballistic seed dispersal. In a group, trees were always mixed with trees of several other Detarioideae species. Every area within the cluster contained a specific set of Detarioideae species. The percentage of Detarioideae trees ≥ 60 cm stem diameter on 50 ha was up to 76% in Detarioideae-rich forest, to 6% in Detarioideae-poor forest. Of all trees in the centre of the cluster, 2.8% belonged to pioneer forest species, which indicates that disturbance levels were low during the past generations of trees.Discussion – The forests in the Detarioideae cluster have not been subject to substantial human and natural impacts in historic or prehistoric times. Such forests are exceptional in Africa. Detarioideae clusters may indicate glacial age forest refuges, especially clusters that contain both many different Detarioideae species and some Detarioideae species endemic to the cluster.


Oecologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Salgado Negret ◽  
Fernanda Pérez ◽  
Lars Markesteijn ◽  
Mylthon Jiménez Castillo ◽  
Juan J. Armesto

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERICH FISCHER ◽  
FLAVIO A. M. DOS SANTOS

Further studies on growth and reproduction of many tree species are needed to know the regeneration patterns of tropical forests (Clark & Clark 1987, Heideman 1989). Thus, the need for studies on the c. 3% of Atlantic forest that remains in Brazil is acute, particularly in the rarely studied swamp habitats (Scarano et al. 1997). We studied the canopy tree species Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Clusiaceae) in flooded and unflooded habitats of a coastal lowland rain forest, in order to describe demography, sexual expression, phenology and flower and fruit production. We report the differences of such traits among three contiguous habitats found in the lowlands - unflooded forest, freshwater-flooded forest and mangrove.


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