An Experimental Investigation of How Judicial Elections Affect Public Faith in the Judicial System

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Nownes ◽  
Colin Glennon
Keyword(s):  
Selection Method ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
State Courts ◽  
State Court ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
Judicial Elections ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Impact

Judicial scholars have often speculated about the impact of elections on the administration of justice in the state courts. Yet relatively little research has concerned itself with public perceptions of state court selection methods. Of particular interest is the concept of legitimacy. Do elections negatively affect public perceptions of judicial legitimacy? Bonneau and Hall (2009) and Gibson (2012) answer this question with an emphatic “No.” Judicial elections, these studies show, are not uniquely troublesome for perceptions of institutional legitimacy. This article aims to extend the findings of Bonneau and Hall and Gibson via a laboratory experiment on the effects of elections on public perceptions of judicial legitimacy. In the end, we find that because elections preempt the use of the other main selection method—appointment—they actually enhance perceptions of judicial legitimacy rather than diminish them.

Why Habeas Review of State Court Convictions Is More Important than Ever

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Adelman ◽  
Jon Deitrich
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
State Courts ◽  
State Court ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Habeas Corpus ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
Judicial Elections ◽  
Federal Judges

This article discusses the continued importance of rigorous habeas corpus review of state court convictions, particularly those obtained in states with an elected judiciary. Given the political pressures faced by elected judges and the tremendous amounts of money now being spent by candidates and third party groups in state judicial elections, it is highly doubtful that state courts can sufficiently protect and enforce the constitutional rights of unpopular litigants such as the criminally accused. An emerging body of research demonstrates that political pressure does indeed affect the manner in which judges rule in criminal cases. Accordingly, habeas corpus review by life-tenured federal judges should, if anything, be expanded, rather than reduced or eliminated, as some have argued.

scholarly journals Digitization of Civil Legal Proceedings in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-175
Author(s):  
Damir Valeev ◽  
Nikita Makolkin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Commercial Courts

This work is an analysis of legal trends in the administration of justice and the judicial system of the Russian Federation. Among the main trends, the authors observe an increase in the number of civil cases considered on the merits by both commercial courts and general jurisdiction courts. The authors also analyze some opportunities for increasing the level of integration of digital technologies in the legal environment of the Russian Federation. One of the triggers capable of catalyzing this process is the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the transformations in the administration of justice that require online court trials using the Internet are analyzed, and some foreign experience in implementing such a format of court trials is considered. The authors also assess in this article the impact of judicial reforms in 2019 on the dynamics of the administration of justice.

The Judicialization of the Blockchain

2019 ◽  
pp. 289-310
Author(s):  
Pietro Ortolani
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
State Courts ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Transnational Law ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter argues that blockchain technologies structurally tend towards ‘judicialization’ and challenge the traditional, state-centric notions of jurisdiction and enforcement. After an introductory section, section II sets the scene by locating the emergence of blockchain technologies within the broader debate concerning the relationship between national and transnational law. Such a contextualization is crucial in order to develop a reliable understanding of the impact of this set of technologies on the state’s capacity to preserve its central role in the administration of justice through a system of courts. Against this background, section III investigates the effect of blockchains and smart contracts on the notion of jurisdiction, drawing lessons from the historical evolution of the concept and applying them to the current technological reality. Relying on empirical data, it is argued that the growth of blockchain technologies has given rise to a proliferation of private arbitral systems, generating a new division of labour between state courts and private adjudication. Finally, section IV of the chapter considers the emergence of self-enforcing smart contracts and its consequences for the traditional view whereby the state maintains a monopoly over the use of force.

The Effectiveness of the Fused Weighted Filter Feature Selection Method to Improve Software Fault Prediction

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Alighardashi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Zare Chahooki
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Fault Prediction ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Software Fault Prediction ◽  
Software Fault

Improving the software product quality before releasing by periodic tests is one of the most expensive activities in software projects. Due to limited resources to modules test in software projects, it is important to identify fault-prone modules and use the test sources for fault prediction in these modules. Software fault predictors based on machine learning algorithms, are effective tools for identifying fault-prone modules. Extensive studies are being done in this field to find the connection between features of software modules, and their fault-prone. Some of features in predictive algorithms are ineffective and reduce the accuracy of prediction process. So, feature selection methods to increase performance of prediction models in fault-prone modules are widely used. In this study, we proposed a feature selection method for effective selection of features, by using combination of filter feature selection methods. In the proposed filter method, the combination of several filter feature selection methods presented as fused weighed filter method. Then, the proposed method caused convergence rate of feature selection as well as the accuracy improvement. The obtained results on NASA and PROMISE with ten datasets, indicates the effectiveness of proposed method in improvement of accuracy and convergence of software fault prediction.

A fuzzy gaussian rank aggregation ensemble feature selection method for microarray data

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-301
Author(s):  
B. Venkatesh ◽  
J. Anuradha
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Microarray Data ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Binary Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Selection Methods

In Microarray Data, it is complicated to achieve more classification accuracy due to the presence of high dimensions, irrelevant and noisy data. And also It had more gene expression data and fewer samples. To increase the classification accuracy and the processing speed of the model, an optimal number of features need to extract, this can be achieved by applying the feature selection method. In this paper, we propose a hybrid ensemble feature selection method. The proposed method has two phases, filter and wrapper phase in filter phase ensemble technique is used for aggregating the feature ranks of the Relief, minimum redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR), and Feature Correlation (FC) filter feature selection methods. This paper uses the Fuzzy Gaussian membership function ordering for aggregating the ranks. In wrapper phase, Improved Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (IBPSO) is used for selecting the optimal features, and the RBF Kernel-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used as an evaluator. The performance of the proposed model are compared with state of art feature selection methods using five benchmark datasets. For evaluation various performance metrics such as Accuracy, Recall, Precision, and F1-Score are used. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method outperforms the other feature selection methods.

An Update to the Squire State Court of Last Resort Professionalization Index

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Peverill Squire ◽  
Jordan Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Relative Stability ◽  
State Courts ◽  
State Court ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Current Version ◽  
The Future ◽  
Relative Standing

Abstract The current version of the Squire state court of last resort professionalization index is regularly used in studies of state courts. We have updated the index for 2019, producing a second and more recent index. Given the relative stability between this index and its predecessor, it is unlikely that many findings will change. During the 15 years that lapsed between the first index and the more recent one, little changed in most states, while reforms in a few places substantially shifted the relative standing of their court of last resort. It seems unlikely that the nation will experience any sweeping reform movements impacting state courts of last resort across the board. The more likely scenario is the sort of idiosyncratic changes impacting a few courts that were witnessed over the last decade and a half. Thus, looking to the future, it may be prudent to update the index every 5–10 years to capture any notable alterations.

Public Perceptions of State Court Impartiality and Court Legitimacy in an Era of Partisan Politics

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-80
Author(s):  
Corey Barwick ◽  
Ryan Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Public Perceptions ◽  
State Court ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
State Supreme Courts ◽  
Supreme Courts ◽  
Political World ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Citizen Perceptions ◽  
Original Survey

Why do some people evaluate state supreme courts as more legitimate than others? Conventional academic wisdom suggests that people evaluate courts in nonpartisan ways, and that people make a distinction between how they evaluate individual court decisions and how they evaluate the court’s legitimacy more broadly. We challenge this idea by arguing that people’s partisan identities have a strong influence on how people evaluate the impartiality of courts, just as they do other aspects of the political world. Using original survey experiments, validated by existing observational survey data, we show that people perceive state supreme courts as being more impartial when courts issue decisions that match the ideological preferences of their preferred political party, while court decisions at odds with their party’s policy goals diminish people’s belief that courts are impartial arbiters of the law. We also show that the effects of citizen perceptions of impartiality erode evaluations of state court legitimacy, which makes them want to limit the independence of judicial institutions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document