Sunburn Risk Among Children and Outdoor Workers in South Africa and Reunion Island Coastal Sites

AbstractThe olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, has been a key pest of olives in Europe and North America. We conducted the largest exploration for parasitoids associated with the fly across Sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya, Namibia, and South Africa) including some of the fly’s adjoining regions (Canary Islands, Morocco, Réunion Island and Tunisia). From Sub-Saharan regions, four braconids were collected: Bracon celer, Psytallia humilis, P. lounsburyi, and Utetes africanus. Results showed that their regional dominance was related to climate niches, with P. humilis dominant in hot semi-arid areas of Namibia, P. lounsburyi dominant in more tropical areas of Kenya, and U. africanus prevalent in Mediterranean climates of South Africa. Psytallia concolor was found in the Canary Islands, Morocco and Tunisian, and the Afrotropical braconid Diachasmimorpha sp. near fullawayi on Réunion Island. Furthermore, we monitored the seasonal dynamics of the fly and parasitoids in Cape Province of South Africa. Results showed that fruit maturity, seasonal variations in climates and interspecific interactions shape the local parasitoid diversity that contribute to the low fly populations. The results are discussed with regard to ecological adaptations of closely associated parasitoids, and how their adaptations impact biocontrol.

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Gastrodia madagascariensis (Gastrodieae, Orchidaceae): from an historical designation to a description of a new species from Madagascar

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.221.1.4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 221 (1) ◽

pp. 48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Florent Martos ◽

Steven D Johnson ◽

Benny Bytebier

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

New Species ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Cape Town ◽

Flower Colour ◽

Reunion Island ◽

Réunion Island ◽

Perianth Tube ◽

A New Species ◽

Achlorophyllous Orchid

Gastrodia madagascariensis, a leafless achlorophyllous orchid, is described and illustrated here. The epithet was originally coined by Perrier de la Bâthie in 1939 for fruiting material found on the eastern coastal plain of Madagascar more than a century ago, but the name was never validly published. This new species is closely related to G. similis from Reunion Island, from which it can be distinguished by the perianth tube spreading towards the apex, the shape of the column and stigma, and the flower colour. The achlorophyllous genus Gastrodia currently comprises five species in the tropical parts of the Afro-Madagascan region, one of which, G. africana, is possibly extinct. We provide an artificial key to distinguish them. In addition, there is also an extratropical species in continental Africa, the introduced G. sesamoides (very local near Cape Town, South Africa).

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Persistent Organic Pollutants in albacore tuna ( Thunnus alalunga ) from Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean) and South Africa in relation to biological and trophic characteristics

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.042 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 148 ◽

pp. 196-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

C. Munschy ◽

N. Bodin ◽

M. Potier ◽

K. Héas-Moisan ◽

C. Pollono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽

Reunion Island ◽

Southwest Indian Ocean ◽

Albacore Tuna ◽

Réunion Island ◽

Thunnus Alalunga

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Exploration for olive fruit fly parasitoids across Africa - regional distributions and dominance of co-evolved parasitoids

10.21203/rs.3.rs-126209/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xingeng Wang ◽

Vaughn Walton ◽

Kim Hoelmer ◽

Charles Pickett ◽

Arnaud Blanchet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Canary Islands ◽

Interspecific Interactions ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Olive Fruit Fly ◽

Reunion Island ◽

Olive Fruit ◽

Réunion Island ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, has been a key pest of olives in invaded regions Europe and North America. We conducted the largest modern exploration for the fly’s co-evolved parasitoids across Sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya, Namibia, and South Africa) and some of the fly’s expanded regions (Canary Islands, China, India, Morocco, Pakistan, Réunion Island and Tunisia). From Sub-Saharan regions, four native braconids, Psytallia lounsburyi, P. humilis, Utetes africanus and Bracon celer were collected. Principal Component Analysis showed that the regional dominance of these parasitoid species was related to climate niches, with P. lounsburyi the dominant species in the more tropical areas of Kenya, P. humilis dominant in the hot semi-arid areas of Namibia and U. africanus prevalent in Mediterranean climates of South Africa. Psytallia concolor was found in the Canary Islands, Moroccan and Tunisian, and the Afrotropical braconid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata in Réunion Island. In South Africa, seasonal monitoring of B. oleae showed consistently low infestation in unripe or ripe fruits. Multivariate analyses suggest that fruit maturity, seasonal climates and interspecific interactions shape the local parasitoid diversity that effectively regulates fly populations at low levels. The results are discussed with regard to ecological adaptations of co-evolved parasitoids, and how their adaptations impact biocontrol.

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Tropospheric ozone climatology at two Southern Hemisphere tropical/subtropical sites, (Reunion Island and Irene, South Africa) from ozonesondes, LIDAR, and in situ aircraft measurements

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-9-1723-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1723-1734 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

G. Clain ◽

J. L. Baray ◽

R. Delmas ◽

R. Diab ◽

J. Leclair de Bellevue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Tropospheric Ozone ◽

Lower Layer ◽

Austral Summer ◽

Data Sets ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Reunion Island ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Réunion Island ◽

Sky Conditions

Abstract. This paper presents a climatology and trends of tropospheric ozone in the Southwestern Indian Ocean (Reunion Island) and South Africa (Irene and Johannesburg). This study is based on a multi-instrumental dataset: PTU-O3 ozonesondes, DIAL LIDAR and MOZAIC airborne instrumentation. The seasonal profiles of tropospheric ozone at Reunion Island have been calculated from two different data sets: ozonesondes and LIDAR. The two climatological profiles are similar, except in austral summer when the LIDAR profiles show greater values in the free troposphere, and in the upper troposphere when the LIDAR profiles show lower values during all seasons. These results show that the climatological value of LIDAR profiles must be discussed with care since LIDAR measurements can be performed only under clear sky conditions, and the upper limit of the profile depends on the signal strength. In addition, linear trends have been calculated from ozonesonde data at Reunion and Irene. Considering the whole tropospheric column, the trend is slightly positive for Reunion, and more clearly positive for Irene. Trend calculations have also been made separating the troposphere into three layers, and separating the dataset into seasons. Results show that the positive trend for Irene is governed by the lower layer that is affected by industrial pollution and biomass burning. On the contrary, for Reunion Island, the strongest trends are observed in the upper troposphere, and in winter when stratosphere-troposphere exchange is more frequently expected.

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Tropospheric ozone climatology at two southern subtropical sites, (Reunion Island and Irene, South Africa) from ozone sondes, LIDAR, aircraft and in situ measurements

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-8-11063-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 11063-11101

Author(s):

G. Clain ◽

J. L. Baray ◽

R. Delmas ◽

R. Diab ◽

J. Leclair de Bellevue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Tropospheric Ozone ◽

Seasonal Cycle ◽

Lower Troposphere ◽

Ground Level ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Reunion Island ◽

Free Troposphere ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Réunion Island

Abstract. This paper presents a climatology and trends of tropospheric ozone in the southwestern part of Indian Ocean (Reunion Island) and South Africa (Irene and Johannesburg). This study is based on a multi-instrumental dataset: PTU-O3 radiosoundings, DIAL LIDAR, MOZAIC airborne instrumentation and Dasibi UV ground based measurements. The seasonal profiles of tropospheric ozone at Reunion Island have been calculated from two different data sets: radiosondes and LIDAR. The two climatological profiles are similar, except in austral summer when smaller values for the LIDAR profiles in the free troposphere, and in the upper troposphere for all seasons occur. These results show that the LIDAR profiles are at times not representative of the true ozone climatological value as measurements can be taken only under clear sky conditions, and the upper limit reached depends on the signal. In the lower troposphere, climatological ozone values from radiosondes have been compared to a one year campaign of ground based measurements from a Dasibi instrument located at high altitude site (2150 m) at Reunion Island. The seasonal cycle is comparable for the two datasets, with Dasibi UV values displaying slightly higher values. This suggests that if local dynamical and possibly physico-chemical effects may influence the ozone level, the seasonal cycle can be followed with ground level measurements. Average ground level concentrations measured on the summits of the island seem to be representative of the lower free troposphere ozone concentration at the same altitude (~2000 m) whereas night time data would be representative of tropospheric concentration at a higher altitude (~3000 m) due to the subsidence effect. Finally, linear trends have been calculated from radiosondes data at Reunion and Irene. Considering the whole tropospheric column, the trend is slightly positive for Reunion, and more clearly positive for Irene. Trend calculations have also been made separating the troposphere into three layers, and separating the dataset into seasons. Results shows that the positive trend for Irene is governed by the lower layer most probably by industrial pollution and biomass burning. On the contrary, for Reunion Island, the strongest trends are observed in the upper troposphere, and in winter when stratospheric-tropospheric exchange is more frequently expected.

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