Instantaneous-Stiffness Plane Analysis of Underactuated Fingers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Belzile ◽  
Lionel Birglen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Stiffness Analysis ◽  
Force Magnitude ◽  
Plane Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Underactuated Finger

The general stiffness of an underactuated finger as seen from the actuator is a function of its internal compliant elements, such as springs, but also depends on its geometry. In this paper, a complete stiffness analysis of a general underactuated finger is presented. The objective is to shed light on important aspects to consider while designing underactuated fingers and how to take advantage of the finger’s stiffness during grasping, for instance in order to estimate information such as contact location and force magnitude. This is done using the instantaneous-stiffness plane of the finger introduced in this paper. This plane shows the relationship between the finger’s geometry and its instantaneous stiffness and how simple changes in geometrical parameters can have significant effects on the finger’s stiffness. This novel tool can be used for a wide range of underactuated finger architectures as will be shown. First, a theoretical framework including numerical simulations is presented. This is then followed by an optimization example of a finger’s geometry and a discussion.

Machine Learning Steel Ms Temperature

SIMULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003754972199557
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Xiaojie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
Gaussian Process Regression ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Neural Network Modeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Accuracy And Stability

Empirical equations, thermodynamics frameworks, and neural network modeling have been developed to predict steel martensite start temperature, [Formula: see text], but they might not tend to generalize well when composition includes a wide range of alloying elements. In this study, we develop the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model to shed light on the relationship between alloying elements and [Formula: see text] temperature for steels. A total of 1119 steels with [Formula: see text] ranging from 153 K to 938 K are examined. The model has a high degree of accuracy and stability, contributing to fast low-cost [Formula: see text] temperature estimations.

scholarly journals Near cut-off wavelength operation of resonant waveguide grating biosensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balint Kovacs ◽  
Fabio Aldo Kraft ◽  
Zsolt Szabo ◽  
Yousef Nazirizadeh ◽  
Martina Gerken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Guided Mode ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractNumerical simulations and analytical calculations are performed to support the design of grating-coupled planar optical waveguides for biological sensing. Near cut-off and far from cut-off modes are investigated, and their characteristics and suitability for sensing are compared. The numerical simulations reveal the high sensitivity of the guided mode intensity near the cut-off wavelength for any refractive index change along the waveguide. Consequently, it is sufficient to monitor the intensity change of the near cut-off sensing mode, which leads to a simpler sensor design compared to those setups where the resonant wavelength shift of the guided mode is monitored with high precision. The operating wavelength and the sensitivity of the proposed device can be tuned by varying the geometrical parameters of the corrugated waveguide. These results may lead to the development of highly sensitive integrated sensors, which have a simple design and therefore are cost-effective for a wide range of applications. These numerical findings are supported with experimental results, where the cut-off sensing mode was identified.

scholarly journals Reliance on emotion promotes belief in fake news

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Martel ◽  
Gordon Pennycook ◽  
David G. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract What is the role of emotion in susceptibility to believing fake news? Prior work on the psychology of misinformation has focused primarily on the extent to which reason and deliberation hinder versus help the formation of accurate beliefs. Several studies have suggested that people who engage in more reasoning are less likely to fall for fake news. However, the role of reliance on emotion in belief in fake news remains unclear. To shed light on this issue, we explored the relationship between experiencing specific emotions and believing fake news (Study 1; N = 409). We found that across a wide range of specific emotions, heightened emotionality at the outset of the study was predictive of greater belief in fake (but not real) news posts. Then, in Study 2, we measured and manipulated reliance on emotion versus reason across four experiments (total N = 3884). We found both correlational and causal evidence that reliance on emotion increases belief in fake news: self-reported use of emotion was positively associated with belief in fake (but not real) news, and inducing reliance on emotion resulted in greater belief in fake (but not real) news stories compared to a control or to inducing reliance on reason. These results shed light on the unique role that emotional processing may play in susceptibility to fake news.

scholarly journals Reliance on emotion promotes belief in fake news

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Martel ◽  
Gordon Pennycook ◽  
David Gertler Rand
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Total N ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

What is the role of emotion in susceptibility to believing fake news? Prior work on the psychology of misinformation has focused primarily on the extent to which reason and deliberation hinder versus help the formation of accurate beliefs. Several studies have suggested that people who engage in more reasoning are less likely to fall for fake news. However, the role of reliance on emotion in belief in fake news remains unclear. To shed light on this issue, we explored the relationship between experiencing specific emotions and believing fake news (Study 1; N = 409). We found that across a wide range of specific emotions, heightened emotionality was predictive of increased belief in fake (but not real) news. Then, in Study 2, we measured and manipulated reliance on emotion versus reason across four experiments (total N = 3884). We found both correlational and causal evidence that reliance on emotion increases belief in fake news: Self-reported use of emotion was positively associated with belief in fake (but not real) news, and inducing reliance on emotion resulted in greater belief in fake (but not real) news stories compared to a control or to inducing reliance on reason. These results shed light on the unique role that emotional processing may play in susceptibility to fake news.

Experimental and numerical demonstrations for development of composite planar fabrics in fault zones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Miyamoto ◽  
Tetsuro Hirono ◽  
Akari Fuke ◽  
Kiyokazu Oohashi ◽  
Satoshi Yukawa
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Shear Direction ◽  
Synthetic Quartz ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Frictional Slip

<p>Many experimental works have previously performed to understand frictional properties of various kinds of rocks and minerals by using friction apparatus at various orders of sliding velocities ranging from nm/s to m/s together with microscopic observation. However, friction experiments at wide range of velocities on a single type of rock or mineral have been rarely reported. Here we conducted friction experiments using powdered pyroclastic samples at velocities ranging from 0.0002 m/s to 1 m/s, 1.5–3.0 MPa normal stress, 10 m slip distance and dry and wet conditions. We also performed numerical simulation by using discrete element method (DEM) that focused on the changes of distances to adjacent particles (referred as CAP) and forces particles experiencing during frictional slip. At higher velocities, the sample showed relatively drastic decrease of friction coefficient and boundary-parallel Y shears. In contrast, R1 shears, oblique to shear direction, were observed in the samples at lower velocities. Numerical simulations at higher velocities of 0.1 and 1 m/s resulted in slip weakening and development of larger CAP lines parallel to boundary. At lower velocities, larger forces and CAPs were concentrated locally. These results could imply that the development of composite planar fabrics has a dependency on slip velocity. Now we are investigating the relationship using synthetic quartz powders, and will show the preliminary results of re-experiments, numerical simulations, and microscopic observations.</p>

Sentence-Based Experience Logging in New Hearing Aid Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Katja Lund ◽  
Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen ◽  
Dorte Hammershøi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Hearing Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a tool to gain insight into the daily experiences of new hearing aid users and to shed light on aspects of aided performance that may not be unveiled through standard questionnaires. Method The tool is developed based on clinical observations, patient experiences, expert involvement, and existing validated hearing rehabilitation questionnaires. Results An online tool for collecting data related to hearing aid use was developed. The tool is based on 453 prefabricated sentences representing experiences within 13 categories related to hearing aid use. Conclusions The tool has the potential to reflect a wide range of individual experiences with hearing aid use, including auditory and nonauditory aspects. These experiences may hold important knowledge for both the patient and the professional in the hearing rehabilitation process.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Language, Politics and Society in the Middle East

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer AlNajjar
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Language Politics ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Grassroots Initiatives ◽  
Language And Politics ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Core Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

This book aims to shed light on core questions relating to language and society, language and conflict, and language and politics, in relation to a changing Middle East. While the book focuses on Arabic, it goes way beyond a purely linguistic analysis by bringing to the fore a set of pressing questions about the relationship between Arabic and society. For example, it touches on the development of language policy via an examination of administrative mandates (top-down) in contrast to grassroots initiatives (bottom-up); the deeper layers of the linguistic landscape that highlight the connection between politics, conflict, identity, road signs and street names; Arabic studies and Arabic identity and the myriad ways countries deal simultaneously with globalisation while also seeking to strengthen local and national identity, and more.

Considering Others’ Mental States Causally Increases Feelings of Social Bonding and Information Sharing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Baek ◽  
Diana Tamir ◽  
Emily B. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Health News ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Share Information ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Mentalizing System

Information sharing is a ubiquitous social behavior. What causes people to share? Mentalizing, or considering the mental states of other people, has been theorized to play a central role in information sharing, with higher activity in the brain’s mentalizing system associated with increased likelihood to share information. In line with this theory, we present novel evidence that mentalizing causally increases information sharing. In three pre-registered studies (n = 400, 840, and 3500 participants), participants who were instructed to consider the mental states of potential information receivers indicated higher likelihood to share health news compared to a control condition where they were asked to reflect on the content of the article. Certain kinds of mentalizing were particularly effective; in particular, considering receivers’ emotional and positive mental states, led to the greatest increase in likelihood to share. The relationship between mentalizing and sharing was mediated by feelings of closeness with potential receivers. Mentalizing increased feelings of connectedness to potential receivers, and in turn, increased likelihood of information sharing. Considering receivers’ emotional, positive, and inward-focused mental states was most effective at driving participants to feel closer with potential receivers and increase sharing. Data provide evidence for a causal relationship between mentalizing and information sharing and provide insight about the mechanism linking mentalizing and sharing. Taken together, these results advance theories of information sharing and shed light on previously observed brain-behavior relationships.

سؤال العلاقة بين الفطرة والشريعة: قراءة معرفية (The Question of the Relationship between Shariah and Human Nature/fitrah: An Epistemological Review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
المختار الأحمر
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Interconnected Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Aspect ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Shed Light

الملخّص يتناول البحث علاقة الفطرة بالشريعة في التفكير الإسلامي، وما تطرحه هذه العلاقة سواء على مستوى بيان الجوانب المتعلقة بخَلْق الإنسان وما فُطِر عليه ابتداء، وهذا البعد يمثّل الجانب التكوني في مفهوم الفطرة، أو على المستوى المتعلق بالشريعة وفطريتها، أي أنها جارية وفق ما يدركه العقل وتشهد به الفطرة، وهذا البعد يمثّل الجانب التشريعي الذي يطرحه مفهوم الفطرة. لقد زخرت أغلب الكتابات بتناول جانبا واحدا مما يتيحه أو يعكسه مفهوم الفطرة، لكن البحث في العلاقة التناسبية بين الفطرة والشريعة، وما يتيحه هذا النظر المتلازم بين المفهومين على مستوى الإمكانات المتعلقة بقدرات الإنسان الفطرية في فهم وتعقّل الخطاب الشرعي والأحكام التكليفية، والوقوف على غاياته ومقاصده، يبقى في حاجة إلى البحث والاستقصاء. ولذلك تأتي هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء على الجانب التشريعي والتكويني في علاقة الشريعة بالفطرة، باعتبارهما نظامين متلازمين يتيحان فهم طبيعة الشريعة وأحكامها ومقاصدها من جهة، وتحديد جوهر وماهية الإنسان الفطرية وإمكاناته في تعقّل هذه الشريعة من جهة ثانية.                  الكلمات المفتاحية: الفطرة، الشريعة، الدين، التكاليف، العقل. Abstract This research addresses the relationship between premordial human nature (fitrah) and Islamic law (SharÊÑah) within the frame of Islamic thought, while exploring the questions it raises at two levels. The first level explains the aspects related to the creation of man and what has initially been bestowed upon him, which represents the evolutionary aspect of the concept of fiÏrah. The second level is related to SharÊÑah and its nature, which evolves according to what is percieved by reason and witnessed by fiÏrah; this represents the legislative aspect presented by the concept of fiÏrah. The majority of studies to date address a single aspect of the illustrations of the concept of fiÏrah. However, research on the dialectic relationship between fiÏrah and SharÊÑah and what its relevant concurrent view provides at the level of potentials related to human innate capacities in understanding and realizing SharÊÑah discourse and mandatory provisions as well as understanding its objectives  remains scarce and requires further research and investigation. Therefore, this study intends to shed light on the legislative and evolutionary aspects of the relationship between SharÊÑah and fiÏrah as two interconnected systems that allow for the understanding of the nature of SharÊÑah, its provisions and purposes, as well as identifying the essence of human innate nature and its potential in perceiving SharÊÑah. Keywords: human nature (fiÏrah), Islamic law (SharÊÑah), religious mandates (TakÉlif), religion, intellect (ÑAqal).

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