New Electric Transmission Technologies for Renewable Integration

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merwin Brown ◽  
Lloyd Cibulka ◽  
Jim Cole ◽  
Larry Miller
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Renewable Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Electric Transmission ◽  
To Come

California has established aggressive Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) goals to increase the fraction of electricity generated from renewable energy resources and to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Legislation AB 32 requires 20% of California’s electricity to come from renewables by 2010. More recently, an executive order has set a goal of 33% by 2020. Most of this new renewable generation will require the electric grid for delivering its electricity to customers. Renewable generators will be integrated into the grid at both transmission and distribution levels, but most of this capacity is expected to connect to the transmission system in locations remote from load centers and existing transmission infrastructure. Consequently, new transmission extensions must be built. But permitting and constructing new transmission are taking considerably longer than they do for the power plants the new transmission will serve, creating a significant challenge for meeting the RPS goals. Once connected to the grid, some of this renewable generation will exhibit properties, such as intermittency, quite different from traditional generation and loads, which pose special challenges for providing timely grid delivery capacity, maintaining reliability, and avoiding economic inefficiencies. Finally, power flow constraints through existing transmission “gateways” into population centers must be relieved before the electricity from renewables can reach customers. Meeting these challenges will require new or expanded capabilities for the grid. At higher RPS levels, the conventional “build” solutions, namely new extension lines, expanding the capacity of existing transmission gateways to load centers, and building conventional power plants for support, will prove inadequate by themselves, either because they are not the most cost effective or can’t be permitted. New transmission technologies offer the prospect of providing a substantial portion of these new or expanded capabilities to supplement these build solutions. This paper provides a technology development survey for achieving an electric transmission infrastructure functionally capable of performing its role in meeting the Renewables Portfolio Standard goals. These new technologies were examined in the context of providing three new or expanded broad capabilities: (1) Provide physical access for each new power plant, (2) Reliably accommodate any unique renewable generator behaviors, and (3) Increase the grid’s power carrying capacity to handle the additional electric power flows. Many of these new capabilities will foster a more intelligent, robust and flexible transmission system as part of the Smart Grid. This intelligence also opens the prospects for an expanded role for distributed renewable generation to help meet the RPS goals and reduce some of the burden on transmission. Finally new physical capabilities must be added to turn the intelligence into actions.

scholarly journals Review on Economic Load Dispatch and Associated Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Swati Jain ◽  
Dr Krishna Teeth Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Fuel Costs

In a practical power system, power plants are not equidistant from the distribution center and their fuel cost is different. Under normal operating conditions, the production capacity is even greater than the required total load and losses. Therefore, there are many options for planning the build. In an interconnected network, the objective is to determine the planning of the active and reactive power of each system in order to minimize operating costs. This means that the active and reactive power of the generator can vary within certain limits in order to cover a certain load requirement with minimal fuel costs. This is called the optimal power flow problem. This paper provides an overview of AI-based algorithms, genetic algorithms and their applications with cost-effective charge transport.

scholarly journals Constructing A Multi-Microgrid with the Inclusion of Renewable Energy in Oman's Rural Power System

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Hosseinzadeh ◽  
A. Al Shereiqi ◽  
M. Albadi ◽  
Amer Al-Hinai
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources

 This paper investigates the possibility of constructing multi-microgrids by interlinking the rural area systems in the Al Wusta governorate of the Sultanate of Oman, which are currently being supplied by diesel generators. It is proposed to enhance the rural system under study by switching off small diesel stations and replacing them with wind turbines. The microgrids formed in this way are then interlinked together to create multi-microgrids. The paper studies the interlinked multi-microgrids under different scenarios; in terms of voltage profiles and power flow using the ETAP software package. This study contributes to the feasibility study of retiring some diesel power plants and using renewable energy resources in rural Oman.

scholarly journals Optimal Allocation of FACTS Devices by using multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow and Genetic Algorithms

2012 ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Aditya Tiwari ◽  
K.K. Swarnkar ◽  
Dr.S. Wadhwani ◽  
Dr.A.K. Wadhwani
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Flexible Ac Transmission ◽  
Flexible Ac Transmission System ◽  
Ac Transmission ◽  
The Cost

The introduction of the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) in the power system reduces the losses, reduces the cost of the generation, improves the stability and also improves the load capability of the system. Some application of the Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) technologies to existing high voltage power system has proves the use of FACTS technology may be a cost effective option for power delivery system enhancement. Amongst various power electronic devices unified power flow controller (UPFC) may be considered to be a capable of regulating the power flow and minimizing the power loss simultaneously. Since for the cost effective application of the FACTS technology a proper selection of the number and the placement of these devices is required. The main aim of this paper is to propose the methodology based on the genetic algorithm, able to identify the optimal number and the location of the UPFC devices in an assigned power system network for maximizing system capabilities. In order to validate the usefulness of the approach suggested here is , a case study using a IEEE 30-bus power system is presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of components of an excess fuel flow in the heat power equipment

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Alexander Dvortsevoy ◽  
◽  
Oksana Grigorieva ◽  
Ilya Tikhonov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Equipment Part ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Technological Processes

The use of traditional information systems with a low level of automation at thermal power plants does not allow organizing a channel for remote collection of reliable information about the current state of technological processes. The inability to organize data transfer to the central node for subsequent storage and processing does not allow tracking in full measure the need to repair or upgrade the equipment. In these conditions, an increase in the efficiency of the power plant is either impossible or relatively small. A significant increase in efficiency indicators can be reached by determining the least cost-effective elements or areas of the technological process, which becomes possible when using a complex collection of data from metering devices and their analysis. In the presence of a digital communication channel, data from the primary measuring device of technological processes (flow rate, pressure, temperature, voltage, etc.) can be transferred to a single information and analytical center. Based on the accumulated data, using a digital twin of the enterprise, real technical and economic indicators, as well as harmful emissions are calculated. Predictive calculations are performed for the cost effective operation of equipment and the introduction of new technologies. With a sufficient number of measurement devices, data storage makes it possible to analyze both the condition of the equipment and the state of the process at various points of time without having to affect the operating equipment. Part of informational functions of industrial control systems performed locally at TPPs can be executed remotely. These include such functions as recording events, information-computational and analytical functions, archiving information, and logging information (reporting).Analyzing the data on the technological process for a certain period (month, quarter, year, etc.), we can evaluate the efficiency of the implemented equipment and speak about the feasibility and ways of further modernization of the thermal power plant.

scholarly journals Past, present, future of agricultural tractors

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
O. N. Didmanidze ◽  
S. N. Devyanin ◽  
Ye. P. Parlyuk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
And Performance

The development of tractor design is closely related to its technological updating, improving environmental performance and increasing usability. Study of this problem in a historical context shows the unity in approaches of various agricultural tractor manufacturers to tractor design aimed at increased productivity and reduced operation costs in accordance with the requirements for agronomic and environmental performance. The main task of the first-generation tractors was to develop traction for agricultural work with maximum productivity and cost-effectiveness. Solution of these problems required further development of the tractor theory and the idea of the processes quality, and ensured the optimization of design and performance. As a result, the designs of tractors from different manufacturers developed in the same direction. Modern tractors are equipped with electronically controlled turbocharged diesel engines and have systems reducing toxicity of the exhaust gases. Power transmission of the tractors is implemented either with a robotic gearbox without interrupting the power flow, or in a continuously variable format, which ensures a more optimized operating mode. While for small-traction-class tractors stepless power transmission is provided with a mechanical variable speed gear, the rest of the tractors require electronicallycontrolled hydromechanical transmissions. As the capacity of power stations grows and an extensive power grid based on renewable energy resources is developed, the demand for electric tractors is to be increased. Tractors with hybrid power plants are likely to be produced at the transitional stage of development. They have the advantages of controlling processes in the machine and tools, the ability to provide agricultural implements with electric power for carrying out their work processes and ensuring their active drive to develop traction as well.

Alstom Gas Turbine Technology Trends

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Marchmont ◽  
Stefan Florjancic
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Effective Part

The power generation mix is in transition with more and more electricity generated by renewable sources. Combined cycle power plants will have to partner with renewable sources and compensate for their fluctuating nature. In preparation for the next generation combined cycles, gas turbine technology development needs to continue to lower the lifecycle costs through increased efficiency, extended maintenance cycles, and reduced emissions. It must now also develop fast ramping capability, account for a wider variation in fuel composition and provide an emission effective part load operation. These needs will be met by refining state of the art technologies and by adding new technologies. This paper provides an overview of the research and development activities and resulting trend in Alstom gas turbine technologies.

Factor Analysis among the variables relating to purpose of using social media websites and nonacceptance of social media in recruitment

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-248
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Hiring Process ◽  
To Come ◽  
New Strategies

In the era of Globalization, advancement of technology and stiff competition, particularly, in the I.T. Industry, companies have to adopt new H.R. strategies and practices so as to constantly evolve and grow. In this context, existing recruitment strategies have to be replaced by new strategies. Many companies are now extensively depending on the internet to connect to larger audiences globally. Organizations are in a position to attract profiles, resumes from potential candidates by announcing their vacancies on their own websites. E-recruitment is evoking interest among the companies typically over the last few years. The spread of information technology and growth of Internet has paved way for companies willing to hunt for talent on the job seeking websites. In the years to come, social networking will soon be an indispensable part of the hiring process. It is cost effective, does not require setting up an office and forms an effective tool for recruiters. The main purpose of this study was to understand the application of factor analysis in social science research and to reduce a large number of variables into manageable smaller factors for further analysis of the employers’ perception on social media recruitment with reference to the I.T. Sector in Bangalore.

Improving Power Flow of Power Transmission System Using UPFC

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9th) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Heba Allah Ahmed ◽  
T. Abdel Salam ◽  
M. Mostafa ◽  
M. Badr
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Power Transmission System
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