Gas Turbine and Driven Machinery Management and Diagnostics

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel Maalouf ◽  
Thomas Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines

The size and complexity of gas turbines has evolved tremendously over the years and the controls, instrumentation and diagnostics tools have kept pace with the advances. This paper discusses the progress of the tools to keep these complex machines running for continued reliability, efficiency, emissions compliance and power output. The technology to enable the user to manage their machinery on site and remotely will be discussed in this paper along with the benefits added by the technologies.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic modelling and efficiency analysis of a class of real indirectly fired gas turbine cycles

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Zheshu Ma ◽  
Zhenhuan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Temperature Heat

Indirectly or externally-fired gas-turbines (IFGT or EFGT) are novel technology under development for small and medium scale combined power and heat supplies in combination with micro gas turbine technologies mainly for the utilization of the waste heat from the turbine in a recuperative process and the possibility of burning biomass or 'dirty' fuel by employing a high temperature heat exchanger to avoid the combustion gases passing through the turbine. In this paper, by assuming that all fluid friction losses in the compressor and turbine are quantified by a corresponding isentropic efficiency and all global irreversibilities in the high temperature heat exchanger are taken into account by an effective efficiency, a one dimensional model including power output and cycle efficiency formulation is derived for a class of real IFGT cycles. To illustrate and analyze the effect of operational parameters on IFGT efficiency, detailed numerical analysis and figures are produced. The results summarized by figures show that IFGT cycles are most efficient under low compression ratio ranges (3.0-6.0) and fit for low power output circumstances integrating with micro gas turbine technology. The model derived can be used to analyze and forecast performance of real IFGT configurations.

scholarly journals Inlet Air Fogging of Marine Gas Turbine in Power Output Loss Compensation

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygfryd Domachowski ◽  
Marek Dzida
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Output Loss ◽  
Direct Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Loss Compensation ◽  
The World

Abstract The use of inlet air fogging installation to boost the power for gas turbine engines is widely applied in the power generation sector. The application of fogging to mechanical drive is rarely considered in literature [1]. This paper will cover some considerations relating to its application for gas turbines in ship drive. There is an important evaporative cooling potential throughout the world, when the dynamic data is evaluated, based on an analysis of coincident wet and dry bulb information. This data will allow ships’ gas turbine operators to make an assessment of the economics of evaporative fogging. The paper represents an introduction to the methodology and data analysis to derive the direct evaporative cooling potential to be used in marine gas turbine power output loss compensation.

Gas Turbine Fogging Technology — A State-of-the-Art Review: Part II — Overspray Fogging, Analytical and Experimental Aspects

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Bhargava ◽  
C. B. Meher-Homji ◽  
M. A. Chaker ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Comprehensive Review

The strong influence of ambient temperature on the output and heat rate on a gas turbine has popularized the application of inlet fogging and overspray for power augmentation. One of the main advantages of overspray fogging is that it enhances power output as a result of decrease in compression work associated with the continuous evaporation of water within the compressor due to fog intercooling. A comprehensive review on the current understanding of the analytical and experimental aspects of overspray fogging technology as applied to gas turbines is presented in this paper.

HRSG Duct Firing Revisited

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

Duct firing in the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) of a gas turbine combined cycle power plant is a commonly used method to increase output on hot summer days when gas turbine airflow and power output lapse significantly. The aim is to generate maximum possible power output when it is most needed (and, thus, more profitable) at the expense of power plant heat rate. In this paper, using fundamental thermodynamic arguments and detailed heat and mass balance simulations, it will be shown that, under certain boundary conditions, duct firing in the HRSG can be a facilitator of efficiency improvement as well. When combined with highly-efficient aeroderivative gas turbines with high cycle pressure ratios and concomitantly low exhaust temperatures, duct firing can be utilized for small but efficient combined cycle power plant designs as well as more efficient hot-day power augmentation. This opens the door to efficient and agile fossil fuel-fired power generation opportunities to support variable renewable generation.

Cooling of Gas Turbines Inlet Air Through Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi N. Bahadori ◽  
Farhad Behafarid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
The Mean

The power output of gas turbines reduces greatly with the increase of inlet air temperature. Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) is employed for cooling of the inlet air of a gas turbine. Water from a confined aquifer is cooled in winter, and is injected back into the aquifer. The stored chilled water is withdrawn in summer to cool the gas turbine inlet air. The heated water is then injected back into the aquifer. A 20 MW Hitachi gas turbine, along with a two-well aquifer were considered for analysis. It was shown that the minimum power output of the gas turbine on the warmest day of the year could be raised from 16.30 to 20.05 MW, and the mean annual power output could be increased from 19.1 to 20.1 MW, and the efficiency from 32.52% to 34.54% on the warmest day of the year and the mean annual efficiency from 33.88% to 34.52%. The use of ATES is a viable option for the increase of gas turbines power output, provided that suitable confined aquifers are available at their sites.

Combustion Characteristics of Methane-CO2 Mixture and a Microturbine Cogeneration System Utilized Sewage Digester Gas

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Kataoka ◽  
Teruyuki Nakajima ◽  
Takahiro Nakagawa ◽  
Nobuhiko Hamano ◽  
Saburo Yuasa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Peripheral Equipment ◽  
Cogeneration System

This paper describes an approach to utilize sewage digester gas as a fuel for gas turbines. Sewage digester gas is composed of about 60% methane and 39% carbon dioxide. To apply it as a gas turbine fuel requires optimizing the combustion system to improve the combustion efficiency, flame-holding characteristics, etc. This paper presents an approach whereby a mass-produced microturbine and its peripheral equipment can be converted for such application with a minimum of modification and without the use of extraordinary combustors. The approach is described whereby a recuperative cycle microturbine having rich-burn, quick-mix, lean-burn (RQL) combustor is started up with a high-Btu fuel and the fuel is switched to digester gas when the inlet-air has been preheated to 600K or higher. This approach has proven that reliable starting, stable operation from idling to the rated power output, and efficiency equivalent to that obtained with a high-Btu fuel, can be achieved by the microturbine utilizing sewage digester gas.

Thermodynamic Design Considerations for Steam-Injected Gas Turbines

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Noymer ◽  
David Gordon Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Design Point ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Net Power Output

Steam injection in gas turbines (steam raised from the energy of the exhaust and injected into one or more of the turbine stages) is an attractive option for cogeneration applications. From a thermodynamic point of view, however, there is little information available about methods for optimizing the use of the steam for injection into a gas turbine. A computer model for an aeroderivative gas turbine is used to analyze the effect of steam injection on net power output and overall efficiency. The effects of varying the quantity of steam injected, the stations at which the steam is injected, and the temperature of the steam that is injected are assessed on a normalized basis, with the turbine-inlet temperature maintained from the simple-cycle design point. The energy balance between the exhaust of the gas turbine and the flow of steam to be injected is the final constraint in selecting a steam-injected design point to maximize performance. For the engine in this study, increases of over 64% in net power output and 23% in overall efficiency can be achieved with roughly 16% steam/inlet air by mass, which represents all of the steam that can be produced by the exhaust stream for the given conditions.

Analysis of Operational Effects on Cooled H-Class Gas Turbines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Can Uysal ◽  
James B. Black
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Parameters

Abstract During the operation of an industrial gas turbine, the engine deviates from its new condition performance because of several effects including dirt build-up, compressor fouling, material erosion, oxidation, corrosion, turbine blade burning or warping, thermal barrier coating (TBC) degradation, and turbine blade cooling channel clogging. Once these problems cause a significant impact on engine performance, maintenance actions are taken by the operators to restore the engine to new performance levels. It is important to quantify the impacts of these operational effects on the key engine performance parameters such as power output, heat rate and thermal efficiency for industrial gas turbines during the design phase. This information can be used to determine an engine maintenance schedule, which is directly related to maintenance costs during the anticipated operational time. A cooled gas turbine performance analysis model is used in this study to determine the impacts of the TBC degradation and compressor fouling on the engine performance by using three different H-Class gas turbine scenarios. The analytical tool that is used in this analysis is the Cooled Gas Turbine Model (CGTM) that was previously developed in MATLAB Simulink®. The CGTM evaluates the engine performance using operating conditions, polytropic efficiencies, material properties and cooling system information. To investigate the negative impacts on engine performance due to structural changes in TBC material, compressor fouling, and their combined effect, CGTM is used in this study for three different H-Class engine scenarios that have various compressor pressure ratios, turbine inlet temperatures, and power and thermal efficiency outputs; each determined to represent different classes of recent H-Class gas turbines. Experimental data on the changes in TBC performance are used as an input to the CGTM as a change in the TBC Biot number to observe the impacts on engine performance. The effect of compressor fouling is studied by changing the compressor discharge pressures and polytropic compressor efficiencies within the expected reduction ranges. The individual and combined effects of compressor fouling and TBC degradation are presented for the shaft power output, thermal efficiency and heat rate performance parameters. Possible improvements for the designers to reduce these impacts, and comparison of the reductions in engine performance parameters of the studied H-Class engine scenarios are also provided.

Power Enhancement of Gas Turbine Plant by Intake Air Fog Cooling

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Yadav ◽  
Bharat Raj Singh ◽  
Onkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Power Enhancement

Although gas turbines are known as constant volume machines, but its performance considerably depends upon the ambient air temperature and mass flow rate. During summer season the density of the air decreases which affects the mass flow rate and ultimately the power output of a gas turbine is reduced. In order to overcome this situation several techniques are already in the practice and one of the most effective and economical is adopting the inlet fog cooling, and this technique basically enhances the power output of the machine. The cooling of ambient air by fog cooling up to wet bulb temperature increases the mass flow rate on account of increase in air density, as a result it ultimately increases the power output of a gas turbine. Fogging is applied with consideration of relative humidity of ambient air not only during summer season but also during dry days of summer season in order to increase the power output of gas turbine. This paper describes the effect on percentage enhancement of power out adopting various fuel options with low and high humidity ambient conditions. The result indicates the potential increase in the power output up to 14%. It is also observed that the total cost of power production increases due to increase in fuel consumption on account of enhanced power output. Thus the best suitable selling cost of power should be selected to compensate the increased investment on fuel cost.

How to Upgrade Gas Turbines to Meet Customer Requirements and Be Fast to Market

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Irmisch ◽  
Andreas Bauer ◽  
Jörgen Ferber ◽  
Wolfgang Kappis ◽  
Anton Soumine
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
To Come ◽  
Interval Lengths

This paper summarizes the techniques and methods available today to allow for significant improvements of existing and previously upgraded Gas Turbine fleets, while keeping time to market and investment to the absolute minimum. This allows for flexibility to react to market changes and to extend the utilization of the customer’s assets. The successful application of these techniques is described using the example of the latest service upgrade of Alstom’s GT13E2 heavy duty gas turbine also showing first validation results. In contrast to previous improvements, mostly focusing on an increase in power-output, this upgrade development followed a different strategy: As customers are demanding a reduction in Cost of Electricity, the focus this time was on increasing CC-efficiency and elongating service interval lengths. The design challenge has been to come up with an upgrade package, which limits the additional power-output while maximizing efficiency and lifetime at the same time. Limiting the additional power output is crucial to be retrofit-able into existing plants with a minimum in investment costs, as some plant components like Generators and Transformers, especially for previously upgraded units, may already be close to their capacity limits. The paper describes in detail how the upgrade scope and design concept has been derived based on customer input. Among other measures, it is demonstrated how the consequent application of 3D design methods, the utilization of state-of the art airfoil profiling and clearance optimization in combination with an optimized thermodynamic cycle have been used to maximize the component and GT efficiencies. Furthermore it is shown how development time and risks have been minimized by a consequent application of a combined concurrent design & manufacturing approach and rapid prototyping methods for early design validation. Finally, short- and mid-term validation results after the first implementation and testing in spring 2012 are presented, confirming that the design targets have been met.

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