Improvement of technology of production of compensation copper and copper steel current ducts

The article describes the technology of manufacturing conductors for power supply systems for cranes, railway vehicles, powerful critical electric motors and power systems. The results of studies for copper-steel samples are shown; in these systems there is a decrease in material losses due to an increase in the strength and durability of products. The proposed technology can be used to use steel-copper wires in power supply loss compensation systems.

Personality Rights – A Universal Tool for the Recovery of Non-Pecuniary Loss

As society develops, the concept of personality rights and their legal protection gain significance over the years. Naturally, this concept is evolving as society changes, and it should protect new personal interests against infringement. At the same time, there are reported instances of granting legal protection with doubtful legal justification. In Poland, many commentators and scholars point out that the courts, in some cases, seem to use the concept of personality rights as a universal tool in order to compensate for nearly any mental distress. In this paper, I wish to present interesting examples of this "search" for new personality rights as tools to compensate the plaintiffs for non-pecuniary damages, along with some controversial cases of granting non-pecuniary damages based on questionable legal justification. Following, I will attempt to clarify the notion of non-pecuniary loss and examine whether the courts try to expand its meaning to grant legal protection to plaintiffs. My analysis will be based on Polish law, with some comparative remarks. As the problem is complex and varies according to the jurisdiction, this paper provides a general illustration of the issue at hand. Keywords: Tort law; Personality rights; Non-pecuniary damage; Non-pecuniary loss; Compensation

Strategic rationing and freshness keeping of perishable products under transportation disruptions and demand learning

This paper considers a retailer who sells perishable fresh products directly to customers through an online channel and encounters a transportation disruption. Products shipped during the disruption period come with an uncontrollable delivery lead time, resulting in product quality degradation. To balance the compensation price provided to customers because of quality losses, the retailer might employ freshness-keeping efforts to reduce the quality loss during transportation. Therefore, it raises several fundamental questions for the retailer in mitigating the disruption. Is it always optimal to satisfy those customers who are willing to purchase during disruption? If it is profitable to fulfill orders along with an extra delivery lead time, and with a quality loss compensation, what is the optimal freshness-keeping effort? If it is preferable to deliberately create unsatisfied demand by announcing shortages (rationing) to customers, when is the optimal time to do so? To answer these questions, we first present the dynamics of post-disruption inventory and demand, taking into account the demand learning effect facilitated from negative word-of-mouth during disruption and the demand recovery after disruption ends. Afterward, we develop a model to achieve the optimal selling strategy for maximizing post-disruption profit, identifying the joint decision of the rationing period and freshness-keeping effort. Finally, by numerical analysis, three types of selling strategies are visually provided to hedge against disruptions of different lengths.