Blue Combustion: Stoichiometric Hydrogen-Oxygen Combustion Under Humidified Conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schimek ◽  
Panagiotis Stathopoulos ◽  
Tom Tanneberger ◽  
Christian Oliver Paschereit
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Operating Limits ◽  
Fast Power ◽  
Very High ◽  
Combustion Of Hydrogen

The use of renewable energy sources raises the demand of fast and flexible storage techniques and fast power availability to ensure electrical grid stability. A promising storage approach is the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis. The possibility of using a completely closed cycle of water, hydrogen and oxygen promises an attractive approach for high efficiency, zero emission energy storage. Since electrolysis can be carried out under high pressure, the compressor part of the gas turbine would be unnecessary, which is beneficial in terms of efficiency. Furthermore, high turbine pressure ratios, compared to typical gas turbine applications, can be reached easily. However, the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in gas turbines is a challenging task. Hydrogen and oxygen mixtures are extremely reactive and result in very high flame temperatures. In the present study the feasibility of steam-diluted combustion of hydrogen and oxygen at stoichiometric conditions is shown. A suitable combustor is developed and experimentally validated. The degree of humidity is varied systematically for stoichiometric hydrogen oxygen combustion. Flame shapes, temperature estimations and operating limits are compared and discussed.

scholarly journals High Efficiency-Coal and Gas (HE-C&G): An Advanced Hybrid Power Plant Concept With Sequential Combustion Gas Turbines GT24/GT26

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mircea Fetescu
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant ◽  
Very High

The High Efficiency-Coal and Gas (HE-C&G) is a hybrid power plant concept integrating Conventional Steam Power Plants (CSPP) and gas turbine / combined cycle plants. The gas turbine exhaust gas energy is recovered in the HRSG providing partial condensate and feedwater preheating and generating steam corresponding to the main boiler live steam conditions (second steam source for the ST). The concept, exhibiting very high design flexibility, integrates the high performance Sequential Combustion gas turbines GT24/GT26 technology into a wide range of existing or new CSPP. Although HE-C&G refers to coal as the most abundant fossil fuel resource, oil or natural gas fired steam plants could be also designed or converted following the same principle. The HE-C&G provides very high marginal efficiencies on natural gas, up to and above 60%, very high operating and dispatching flexibility and on-line optimization of fuel and O&M costs at low capital investment. This paper emphasizes the operating flexibility and resulting benefits, recommending the HE-C&G as one of the most profitable options for generating power especially for conversion of existing CSPP with gas turbines.

Three Spool High Efficiency Small Scale Gas Turbine Concept

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Malkamäki ◽  
Ahti Jaatinen-Värri ◽  
Antti Uusitalo ◽  
Aki Grönman ◽  
Juha Honkatukia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Decentralized electricity and heat production is a rising trend in small-scale industry. There is a tendency towards more distributed power generation. The decentralized power generation is also pushed forward by the policymakers. Reciprocating engines and gas turbines have an essential role in the global decentralized energy markets and improvements in their electrical efficiency have a substantial impact from the environmental and economic viewpoints. This paper introduces an intercooled and recuperated three stage, three-shaft gas turbine concept in 850 kW electric output range. The gas turbine is optimized for a realistic combination of the turbomachinery efficiencies, the turbine inlet temperature, the compressor specific speeds, the recuperation rate and the pressure ratio. The new gas turbine design is a natural development of the earlier two-spool gas turbine construction and it competes with the efficiencies achieved both with similar size reciprocating engines and large industrial gas turbines used in heat and power generation all over the world and manufactured in large production series. This paper presents a small-scale gas turbine process, which has a simulated electrical efficiency of 48% as well as thermal efficiency of 51% and can compete with reciprocating engines in terms of electrical efficiency at nominal and partial load conditions.

scholarly journals Biomass Gasification for Gas Turbine Based Power Generation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Paisley ◽  
Donald Anson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
The Us ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The Biomass Power Program of the US Department of Energy (DOE) has as a major goal the development of cost-competitive technologies for the production of power from renewable biomass crops. The gasification of biomass provides the potential to meet his goal by efficiently and economically producing a renewable source of a clean gaseous fuel suitable for use in high efficiency gas turbines. This paper discusses the development and first commercial demonstration of the Battelle high-throughput gasification process for power generation systems. Projected process economics are presented along with a description of current experimental operations coupling a gas turbine power generation system to the research scale gasifier and the process scaleup activities in Burlington, Vermont.

Alstom Gas Turbine Technology Overview: Status 2014

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kappis ◽  
Stefan Florjancic ◽  
Uwe Ruedel
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Very High

Market requirements for the heavy duty gas turbine power generation business have significantly changed over the last few years. With high gas prices in former times, all users have been mainly focusing on efficiency in addition to overall life cycle costs. Today individual countries see different requirements, which is easily explainable picking three typical trends. In the United States, with the exploitation of shale gas, gas prices are at a very low level. Hence, many gas turbines are used as base load engines, i.e. nearly constant loads for extended times. For these engines reliability is of main importance and efficiency somewhat less. In Japan gas prices are extremely high, and therefore the need for efficiency is significantly higher. Due to the challenge to partly replace nuclear plants, these engines as well are mainly intended for base load operation. In Europe, with the mid and long term carbon reduction strategy, heavy duty gas turbines is mainly used to compensate for intermittent renewable power generation. As a consequence, very high cyclic operation including fast and reliable start-up, very high loading gradients, including frequency response, and extended minimum and maximum operating ranges are required. Additionally, there are other features that are frequently requested. Fuel flexibility is a major demand, reaching from fuels of lower purity, i.e. with higher carbon (C2+), content up to possible combustion of gases generated by electrolysis (H2). Lifecycle optimization, as another important request, relies on new technologies for reconditioning, lifetime monitoring, and improved lifetime prediction methods. Out of Alstom’s recent research and development activities the following items are specifically addressed in this paper. Thermodynamic engine modelling and associated tasks are discussed, as well as the improvement and introduction of new operating concepts. Furthermore extended applications of design methodologies are shown. An additional focus is set ono improve emission behaviour understanding and increased fuel flexibility. Finally, some applications of the new technologies in Alstom products are given, indicating the focus on market requirements and customer care.

Research and Development of Practical Industrial Cogeneration Technology in Japan

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Abe ◽  
Takashi Sugiura ◽  
Shuji Okunaga ◽  
Katsuhiro Nojima ◽  
Yasukata Tsutsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Resistance To Heat

This paper presents an overview of a development project involving industrial cogeneration technology using 8,000-kW class hybrid gas turbines in which both metal and ceramics are used in parts subject to high temperatures in order to achieve high efficiency and low pollution. The development of hybrid gas turbines focuses mainly on the earlier commercialization of the turbine system. Stationary parts such as combustor liners, transition ducts, and first-stage turbine nozzles (stationary blades) are expected to be fabricated from ceramics. The project aims at developing material for these ceramic parts that will have a superior resistance to heat and oxidation. The project also aims at designing and prototyping a hybrid gas turbine system to analyze the operation in order to improve the performance. Furthermore, the prototyped hybrid gas turbine system will be tested for long-term operation (4,000 hours) to verify that the system can withstand commercialization. Studies will be conducted to ensure that the system’s soundness and reliability are sufficient for industrial cogeneration applications.

Electric Starter and Generator Systems (ESGS) for Gas Turbines: Making Platform Integration Easier

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Quin˜ones ◽  
Steve Mason ◽  
Allan Green
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Idle Speed ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Turbine Generators ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bulk Energy ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Inertial Energy

The US Navy has pursued gas turbine electric start systems since 2003. Such a system has been extensively tested at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) Land Based Engineering Site (LBES) in Philadelphia, PA. It was demonstrated on a General Electric (GE) LM2500 main propulsion engine as well as a Rolls Royce (RR) MT30 engine. Presently, the system is being refined and repackaged to undergo U.S. Navy qualification for production use. Given the performance success of electric start the next logical step is to extend its application to other engine lines such as the Ship Service Gas Turbine Generators (SSGTG). In order to facilitate platform integration, the electric start concept has been evolved into the Electric Start and Generation System (ESGS). As expected, this system has the ability to start a gas turbine by purely electrical means. Once the engine has reached idle speed or above, the ESGS becomes a generator capable of producing power. This power may be harnessed to address dark start capability on Surface Combatants. The ESGS configuration simplifies integration of bulk energy storage such as a flywheel device or battery pack. This will ensure availability to the engine under a loss of platform power scenario thus providing self-sustainability to all the gas turbine’s electrical functions. Another alternative is to continuously provide ESGS generated power back to the electrical grid in continuous support of the engine auxiliary systems. In this case, flywheels and batteries may be replaced by advanced transfer switches that redirect power where it is needed on demand. This paper describes a program undertaken by NSWCCD to carry out land based testing of an advanced design ESGS. An overview of system requirements is given from a perspective of platform integration. The system architecture is fully described. It is an evolution of ESGS technology that has been extensively tested on RR MT30 and GE LM2500 gas turbines at NSWCCD LBES. Compared with existing air and alternative hydraulic gas turbine starter systems, this system is more compact and provides the benefits of simplified platform integration. It incorporates energy storage to provide black start capability for the gas turbine. Battery and inertial energy storage technologies are discussed in detail for use with the ESGS.

Modelling the Transient Behaviour of Gas Turbines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djordje Petkovic ◽  
Milan Banjac ◽  
Srdjan Milic ◽  
Milan V. Petrovic ◽  
Alexander Wiedermann
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
System Response ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
Transient Behaviour ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Real Process

Abstract As a consequence of the increasing share of renewable energy sources in present-day electrical grid systems, time variations of the power demand for fossil fuel plants can become more sudden. Therefore, an ability to respond to sudden load changes becomes an important issue for power generation gas turbines. This paper describes a real-time model for predicting the transient performance of gas turbines. The method includes basic transient phenomena, such as volume packing and the heat transfer between the working fluid and the structural elements. The dynamics of components are quantified by solving ordinary differential equations with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. Compressor and turbine operating points are determined from corresponding performance maps previously calculated using sophisticated aerodynamic, through-flow codes. This includes a sufficient number of such characteristics to account for the variations in speed and machine geometry. The developed dynamic model was verified by comparison of simulation results with experimentally recorded operating parameters for a real engine. This includes the start-up sequence and the change of load. Additional simulation covers the system response to a step increase in fuel flow. The simulation is carried out faster than the real process.

scholarly journals Stationary gas turbines: an exergetic approach to part load operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Michel Moliere ◽  
Jean-Noël Jaubert ◽  
Romain Privat ◽  
Thierry Schuhler
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Spinning Reserve ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Equipment Lifetime

As renewables are progressively displacing thermal plants in the power generation scene worldwide, the vocation of stationary Gas Turbines (GT) is deeply evolving. In this irreversible move GT plants are called upon to become cycling units with increasingly variable load profiles. This is dictated by the need to compensate for the fluctuations of renewable energy sources and secure the spinning reserve that is indispensable for the stability of the grids. This new scenario creates a serious challenge for gas turbine designers and operators in terms of investment policy, plant management and equipment lifetime. Indeed, operating a gas turbine at part, variable load requires reducing its firing temperature and possibly its air flow. While part load operation entails efficiency losses with respect to the full load mode, load variations cause maintenance penalties due the premature component ageing tied namely with thermal and low cycle fatigue effects on machine materials. As far as efficiency is concerned, an exergy analysis of a contemporary, air-based Brayton cycle is useful for quantifying and comparing the losses incurred by the various engine components. Such study reveals the high sensitivity of compressor efficiency to load decreases. Among possible counter-measures, heating the air at the compressor intake represents a simple mitigation measure, as it enables reducing the air flow rate while preserving to some extent the efficiency of the compressor and consequently GT efficiency.

Repair of Advanced Gas Turbine Blades

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Anton ◽  
Brigitte Heinecke ◽  
Michael Ott ◽  
Rolf Wilkenhoener
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Advanced Technologies

The availability and reliability of gas turbine units are critical for success to gas turbine users. Advanced hot gas path components that are used in state-of-the-art gas turbines have to ensure high efficiency, but require advanced technologies for assessment during maintenance inspections in order to decide whether they should be reused or replaced. Furthermore, advanced repair and refurbishment technologies are vital due to the complex nature of such components (e.g., Directionally Solidified (DS) / Single Crystal (SC) materials, thin wall components, new cooling techniques). Advanced repair technologies are essential to allow cost effective refurbishing while maintaining high reliability, to ensure minimum life cycle cost. This paper will discuss some aspects of Siemens development and implementation of advanced technologies for repair and refurbishment. In particular, the following technologies used by Siemens will be addressed: • Weld restoration; • Braze restoration processes; • Coating; • Re-opening of cooling holes.

Gas Turbine Exhaust Expansion Joints, Diverter and Damper Designs for the New Generation of Higher Temperature, High Efficiency Gas Turbines

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Bachmann ◽  
W. Fred Koch
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

The purpose of this paper is to update the industry on the evolutionary steps that have been taken to address higher requirements imposed on the new generation combined cycle gas turbine exhaust ducting expansion joints, diverter and damper systems. Since the more challenging applications are in the larger systems, we shall concentrate on sizes from nine (9) square meters up to forty (40) square meters in ducting cross sections. (Reference: General Electric Frame 5 through Frame 9 sizes.) Severe problems encountered in gas turbine applications for the subject equipment are mostly traceable to stress buckling caused by differential expansion of components, improper insulation, unsuitable or incompatible mechanical design of features, components or materials, or poor workmanship. Conventional power plant expansion joints or dampers are designed for entirely different operating conditions and should not be applied in gas turbine applications. The sharp transients during gas turbine start-up as well as the very high temperature and high mass-flow operation conditions require specific designs for gas turbine application.

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